spanish grammer book[1]
TRANSCRIPT
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EMA AUGER
Grammer Book
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Table of Contents
Que vs. CualSer- DOCTOR PED Estar- HELPING GustarTransitions Imperfect
TriggersAcabar deFormulas-Hace +
time +que + verbVerbs like gustar ReflexiveTu commands
Affirmative Negative Irregular
DOP +PlacementPreterite
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Qué vs. Cuál
Qué- ThatAlways used when
asking for a definition
Cuál- WhichAlways used in front of
a conjugation of serQué Cuál
¿Qué hora es? ¿Cuál es tu direccion?
¿Qué es un nombre? ¿Cuál es tu nombre?
¿Qué es su novio? ¿Cuál es el problema?
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Ser- DOCTOR PED
DescriptionOriginsCharacteristicsTimeOccupationRelationshipPossesionEventsDates
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Estar- HELPING
Health- Estoy enferma.Emotions- Estoy triste.Location- Estoy en tu casa.Present condition- Estoy alegre. IN ando, iendoG
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Gustar
Yo Me gusta
Tu Te gusta
El/ella/Ud. Le gusta
Nosotros Nos gusta
Vosotros Os gusta
Ellos/ellas/Uds. Les gusta
Ending of gustar matches the object at the end not the person saying it for instance:Me gustan papas fritas.A ellos les gustas tú. To add empasis or to be specific about the subject of a sentence use the phrase: A subject (form of)gustar.For instance:A mi me gusta jugar deportes.
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Transitions
Pero But
No No
O Or
Ni Nor
También Also
Y And
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Imperfect
When to use:1. Ongoing action2. Repeated action3. No definite beginning or end4. Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions5. Interrupted activity
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Imperfect examples
ar er ir
yo Hablaba Comía Escribía
tu Habablas Comías Escribías
él/ella/ud. Hablaba Comía Escribía
Nosotros Hablabámos Comíamos Escribíamos
Vosotros Hablabais Comíais Escribíais
Ellos/ellas/Uds. Hablaban Comían Escribían
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Imperfect Irregulars
ir ser ver
Yo iba era veía
Tu ibas eras veías
él/ella/Ud. iba era veía
Nosotros íbamos éramos veíamos
Vosotros ibais erais veíais
Ellos/ellas/Uds. iban eran veían
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Triggers
Words that tell you when to use an imperfect.Todos los diasA menudoA vecesSiempreCada diaLos lunesGeneralmenteMientrasDe vez en cuandoMuchas vecesFrecuentemente
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Formulas
Hace + time+ que + infinitiveHay + que + infinitiveSe prohibe + infinitiveIr + a + infinitive
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Verbs like gustar
Encantar-to loveMolestar-to botherFaltar-to lack or to missFascinar-to facinateInterestar-to interestImportar-to matterDoler-to hurt
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Reflexive Verbs
The subject is bother the do-er of the action and the receiver of the action.
Can be identified by ending in seExample: Ducharse- Me ducho.
Reflextive Pronouns
Me
Te
Se
Os
Nos
Se
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Affirmative Tú Commands
To tell a friend to do something you simply conjugate a verb to the tú form then drop the s.
Comer -> Comes -> Come
Examples: Come el pan. – Eat the bread Baila. – Dance Grita. - Scream.
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Negative Tú Commands
Used to tell friends and familiars what not to do.
1. Conjugate the verb to the yo form. Ex. Hablo
2. Change the ending to the opposite for example hablar to habler or comer to comar.
Hable
3. Add an s HablesEnd result: No hables.
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Irregular Tú Commands
decir di
hacer haz
ir ve
poner pon
salir sal
ser se
tener ten
venir ven
Examples- Haz la tarea. Do the homework. These irregulars are only used in the affirmative. Negative are conjugated like normal.
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DOP + placement
Direct Object Pronouns take the place of a noun and answer the question what? to a verb.
Add the pronoun to the end of a conjugated affirmative command. Bébelo. –Drink itTo the end of an infinitive Béberlo. – To drink it Or to the end of a present progressive. Bebiéndolo.- Drinking
it.It goes in front of a negative command. No lo bebasWhen you change the syllabication of a verb, add an accent
to the third syllable, the antepenultimate.
Me Nos
Te Os
Lo Los
La Las
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Preterite
A perfected action of the pastA snapshot of the pastBeginning and/or ending
Example: Hablé con mí amiga- I talked with my friend
Ar Er/Ir
Yo é í
Tu aste iste
El/Ella/Usted ó ió
Nosotros amos imos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
aron ieron