spatial thinking research at texas a&m university bob bednarz...
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Spatial Thinking Research at Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M UniversityTexas A&M University
Bob Bednarz ([email protected])
Injeong Jo ([email protected])
Sandra Metoyer ([email protected])
Does GIS and Other Geo-spatial Technology Support Spatial Thinking?
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
CurriculumCurriculum
InstructionInstruction
AssessmentAssessment
(1) Is spatial thinking addressed in the current geography curriculum?
(2) Do geography teachers incorporate spatial thinking into their teaching practices?
(3) Is the geographic assessment relevant to spatial thinking skills?
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
(Sager & Helgren, 2003, p.178-179)
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Example question1: Write the key term that best completes the
sentence.
__________ supply great quantities of fish and other sea animals to
North America.
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Example question 2. Study the map of world religions.
Then write two generalizations
about the distribution of
The world’s religions.
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
“A collection of cognitive skills comprised of…” (NRC 2006, p.12)
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Primary category #1: Concepts of space (Golledge, 1992, 1995, & 2002; Gersmehl, 2005, 2006)
• GNP
• Population
• Fishery
• Terrorism
etc.
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Primary category #1: Concepts of space (Golledge, 1992, 1995, & 2002; Gersmehl, 2005, 2006)
• Location
• Place-specific
identity
• Magnitude
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Primary category #1: Concepts of space (Golledge, 1992, 1995, & 2002; Gersmehl, 2005, 2006)
• Distance
• Direction
• Connection
• Region
• Shape
• Movement
• Boundary
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Primary category #1: Concepts of space (Golledge, 1992, 1995, & 2002; Gersmehl, 2005, 2006)
• Distribution
• Pattern
• Density
• Diffusion
• Hierarchy/ Network
• Spatial association
• Overlay
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Primary category #2: Tools of representation
• Map
• Diagram
• Chart
• Graph
etc.
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Primary category #3: Processes of reasoning (Costa, 2000)
• Define
• List
• Label
• Recognize
• Name
• Match
• Count
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Primary category #3: Processes of reasoning (Costa, 2000)
• Explain
• Compare
• Contrast
• Summarize
• Classify
• Infer
• Analyze
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Primary category #3: Processes of reasoning (Costa, 2000)
• Evaluate
• Judge
• Generalize
• Hypothesize
• Predict
• Create
• Build a model
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Jo, I. & S. Bednarz (in press) . Evaluating Geography Textbook Questions from Spatial Perspectives: Concepts, Using Tools of Representation, and Cognitive Processes to Evaluate Spatiality. Journal of Geography.
A Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking as a Framework to Implement Spatial Thinking into Geography Classrooms
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
CurriculumCurriculum
InstructionInstruction
AssessmentAssessment
Spatial Thinking Research at Texas A&M University
Mental Images
Memory
SpatialLanguage
Self-EfficacyFor
Spatial Skills
Metacognition
Visualization Orientation
Imagination Visual-SpatialWorking Memory
Memory Capacity
Spatial Relations
Abilities A
cquired
Skills O
btained
Scanning
Recognition
Rotation/Perspective
Synthesis/Decomposition
Incr
ea
sin
g C
om
ple
xit
y
Perception
Prior STPractice& Play
Mental Images
Memory
SpatialLanguage
Self-EfficacyFor
Spatial Skills
Metacognition
Visualization Orientation
Imagination Visual-SpatialWorking Memory
Memory Capacity
Spatial Relations
Abilities A
cquired
Skills O
btained
Scanning
Recognition
Rotation/Perspective
Synthesis/Decomposition
Incr
ea
sin
g C
om
ple
xit
y
Perception
Prior STPractice& Play
Mental Images
Memory
SpatialLanguage
Self-EfficacyFor
Spatial Skills
Metacognition
Visualization Orientation
Imagination Visual-SpatialWorking Memory
Memory Capacity
Spatial Relations
Abilities A
cquired
Skills O
btained
Scanning
Recognition
Rotation/Perspective
Synthesis/Decomposition
Incr
ea
sin
g C
om
ple
xit
y
Perception
Prior STPractice& Play
Hierarchical Parallel Model of Spatial Thinking