special education by: kathryn and carlie speech and language impairment other heath impairments...
TRANSCRIPT
Special EducationBY: KATHRYN AND CARLIE
• Speech and Language Impairment• Other Heath Impairments (OHI)• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
What is Speech or Language Impairment?
A communication disorder such as stuttering, child experiences challenges in pronouncing specific sounds, difficulty comprehending words properly, expressing oneself and listening to others, or difficulty voicing words that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
Disabilities
Produces sounds incorrectly
Problems expressing needs, ideas, or information, and/or in understanding what others say
Child’s flow of speech is destroyed by sounds and syllables
Child’s voice has an abnormal quality to its pitch or loudness
Warning Signs
Stuttering
Difficulty in learning to learn, speak, read, or write
Difficulty understanding and expressing language
Modifications Classroom
Go see Speech-Language Pathologist that the school
IEPs
Give additional time to complete or make up work
Substituting written papers or projects for oral presentations
Allowing the student to demonstrate learning one-on-one with the teacher
Reduce unnecessary classroom noise as much as possible
Be near the student when giving vocal instructions
Provide a quiet spot for the student to work
Speak slowly
Provide visual cues like blackboards
Provide step by step directions
What are Other Health Impairment?
Having a disability caused by disease, condition, disorder, or injury that substantially affects strength, vitality, or alertness.
Warning signs
The student’s condition must cause a substantial impact on his or her educational performance.
Heightened alertness to environmental stimuli.
Causes Asthma: a person’s airways become
inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus
Attention Deficit Disorder: chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness
Diabetes: too much sugar in the blood, or high blood glucose
Epilepsy: disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures
Heart Condition: different conditions that affect the heart
Hemophilia: a disorder in which blood doesn’t clot normally
Lead Poisoning: lead builds up in the body
Leukemia: a cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body's ability to fight infection
Nephritis: inflammation of the kidneys
Rheumatic Fever: disease that can result from inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever
Sickle Cell Anemia: a group of disorders that cause red blood cells to become misshapen and break down
Tourette Syndrome: nervous system disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds
Disabilities
Fatigue
Issues involving attention
Mobility issues
Coordination difficulties
Muscle weakness
Lack of physical health
Inability to concentrate for long periods of time
Classroom Modifications
Establish procedures for dealing with medical emergencies
Recent advances in technology can help with physical disabilities, giving them greater control over communication and daily living skills
Provide special adaptive equipment such as specially designed desks, positioning devices, wedges, or standing tables
Physical independence, mastery of daily living skills
Self-awareness
Communication
Academic growth
Life skills training
Traumatic Brain Injury
Brain dysfunction caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head
Warning Signs Headache: can be persistent
Cognitive: mental confusion, inability to speak or understand, inability to recognize common things, amnesia, difficulty concentrating, inability to create new memories, or difficulty thinking and understanding
Behavioral: abnormal laughing and crying, lack of restraint, irritability, persistent repetition of words or actions, aggression, or impulsivity
Eyes: raccoon eyes, unequal pupils, or dilated pupil
Mood: loneliness, anger, or apathy
Visual: sensitivity to light or blurred vision
Sensory: sensitivity to sound or loss of smell
Speech: slurred speech or impaired voice
Psychological: anxiety or depression
Whole body: fainting, nausea, balance disorder, fatigue, blackout, or dizziness
Also common: a temporary moment of clarity, post-traumatic seizure, stiff muscles, ringing in the ears, bleeding, vomiting, nerve injury, bruising, or bone fracture
Causes
Damage to brain cells may be limited to the area directly below the point of impact on the skull.
A severe blow or jolt can cause multiple points of damage because the brain may move back and forth in the skull.
A severe rotational or spinning jolt can cause the tearing of cellular structures.
A blast, as from an explosive device, can cause widespread damage.
An object penetrating the skull can cause severe, irreparable damage to brain cells, blood vessels and protective tissues around the brain.
Bleeding in or around the brain, swelling, and blood clots can disrupt the oxygen supply to the brain and cause wider damage.
Falls
Violence
Sport Injury
Vehicle-related collisions
Explosive blasts and other
combat injuries
Disabilities Coma
Vegetative state:
Minimally conscious state: A minimally conscious state is a condition of severely altered consciousness but with some evidence of self-awareness or awareness of one's environment.
Locked-in syndrome: A person in a locked-in state is aware of his or her surroundings and awake, but he or she isn't able to speak or move.
Brain death: When there is no measurable activity in the brain and the brainstem.
Classroom Modifications Minimize extraneous auditory and visual stimulation (use study carrels or room dividers)
Provide preferential seating
Arrange seating to allow for more space between students
Provide small group instruction
Structure student's activities and schedule to limit number of changes and reduce unstructured time
Limit number of persons that the student deals with each day
Provide the student with a written schedule and keep the schedule as consistent as possible
Provide area to keep supplies, books, etc., away from student's work area
Select a classroom buddy