Special Support Education in Japan

Center for Research on International Cooperation in Educational Development

University of Tsukuba, Japan

School System in JapanCompulsory Education

Special Support Education System in Japan(Compulsory Education - 6 to15 years)

Special Support Education Schools

Elementary and lower secondary schools

A total of children with and without disability ; 10,860,000

Profound

Regular Classes

Special Classes (Children with disabilities are registered in special units.)

Severity of Disability

Mild

Resource Rooms (Children with disabilities are registered in regular class rooms.)

LD ・ ADHD ・ HF (high function autism) etc.However, according to the survey of the teachers, there might be approximately

680,000 (6.3%) children with LD, ADHD and HF in classrooms (MEXT, 2002).

0.52%(approximately 56,000)

0.96%(approximately 105,000)

1.86%(approximately 200,000)

Low vision Hard of hearing Physical/Motor disabilities Health impairments Speech and language disorders

Visual impairments Hard of hearing Intellectual disabilities 　 Physical/Motor disabilities

Blind Deaf

Autism Emotional disturbance LD ADHD

Health impairments Speech and language disorders Emotional disturbance

Intellectual disabilities Physical/Motor disabilities Health impairments

0.38%(approximately 41,000)

Special Support Schools

Special 　School(0.46 ％ ) *1

＊ 1;( ) Enrolled children

School for the blind

(0.01％ )

(0.03 ％ )

School for the deaf

＊ 2 ； School for　 - the intellectual disabilities　 - the Physical/motor disabilities - Health Impairments

(0.42 ％ )

School for the otherwise disabled*2

Establishment the schools meeting individual needs beyond classification

From Special Education to Special Support Education

Special SupportSchool

welfareMedication

UniversityLabor

Nursery Kindergarten

Elementary school

Upper secondary

school

Lower secondary

school

Special Supportive

School

Support

Cooperation

New functions of special schools as local special education centers

Number of Special Schools (May 2006)

543

197

104 9171

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

School for childrenwith intellectual

disabilities

School for childrenwith physical/ motor

disabilities

School for the deaf School for childrenwith healthimpairments

School for the blind

Type of schools

Num

ber

of s

choo

l

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 year

num

ber

of sc

hool

s

Blind

Deaf

IntelectualdisabilitiesPhysical disabilities

Health impairments

Total

Trends in Number of Special Schools

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

School forchildren withintellectualdisabilities

School forchildren with

physical/ motordisabilities

School for thedeaf

School forchildren with

health impaimants

School for theblind

Type ofSchools

Num

ber

of c

hild

ren

Upper Secondary dept.Lower Secondary dept.Elementary dept.Kindergarten dept.

Number of Enrolled Children in Special Schools (May 2006)

Number of Enrolled Children in Special Schools (May 2006)

Type of schoolsTotal Kindergarten

dept.Elementary

dept.

LowerSecondary

dept.

UpperSecondary

dept.

School for the deaf 6,544 1,263 2,210 1,279 1,792

School for the blind 3,688 268 678 448 2,294

School for children withintellectual disabilities 71,453 57 20,585 16,060 34,751

School for children withphysical/motordisabilities

18,717 59 7,811 4,455 6,392

School for children withhealth impairments 4,190 1 1,410 1,379 1,400

Total 104,592 1,648 32,694 23,621 46,629

3,323 3,5984,908

14,940

38,288

3,381

722

7,801

1,7581,836

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

School for childrenwith intellectual

disabilities

School for childrenwith

physical/ motordisabilities

School for thedeaf

School for theblind

School for childrenwith healthimpairments

Type of School

Num

ber

of t

each

er a

nd s

taff

staffteacher

Number of Special School Teachers and Staff (May 2006)

Number of Special School Teacherswith specialized license

(2005)

• Special School Teachers

- With specialized license 33,617 (62.5%)

- Without specialized license 20,140 (37.5%)

(2005)

Number of Schools with Special Classes

May 2005（ ）

Elementaryschools

Lower secondaryschools Total

14,004 6,532 20,536

National 8 8 16Pabulic 13,995 6,523 20,518Privete 1 1 2

23,123 11,035 34,158Total of schools

Total of schools withspecial schools

May 2005（ ）

Classes Students Classes Students Classes Students

12,927 39,763 6,264 19,986 19,191 59,749

1,648 2,914 554 834 2,202 3,748

639 1,261 262 435 901 1,696

177 221 49 74 226 295

437 821 195 337 632 1,158

328 1,197 31 44 359 1,241

7,550 21,508 2,953 7,416 10,503 28,924

23,706 67,685 10,308 29,126 34,014 96,811

Elementary schools Lower secondary schools Total

Type of special classes

Intellectual disabilities

Physical/Motor disabilities

Health impairments

Visual impairments

Hard of hearing

Speech and language disorders

Emotional disturbance

Total

Number of Special Classes and Students

Sameschools

Otherschools

Itinerantteaching

29,90777.20%6,836

17.60%158

0.40%1,8164.70%

50.01%

160.04%

37,134 1,604 38,738 13,850 23,987 90195.90% 4.10% 100.00% 35.80% 61.90% 2.30%

Elementaryschools

Lowersecondaryschools

Total

11 4 12Health impairments 14

3 1 11

Hard of hearing 1,536

Physical/motordisabilities 4

1625

176280 373 1,267

Low vision 133

2,148 4,548

22 120

224

1401,072EmotionalDisturbance 5,764

Speech and languagedisorders 29,683 11,293 18,047 567

Type of resourcerooms

Total

Number of Students using Resource Rooms

Type of schools

Total of graduat

es

Higher level of

education

Education and 　

training institution

Employee

Residents of welfare/med

ical institutions

Others

Blind 305111(36.4

%)10(3.3%

)52(17.0%) 85(27.9%) 47(15.4%)

Deaf 477210(44%

)45(9.4%

)164(34.4

%)34(7.1%) 24(5.0%)

Intellectual disabilities 9,899

78(0.8%)

294(3.0%)

2299(23.2%)

5797(58.6%)

1431(14.5%)

Physical/Motor disabilities 1,981

31(1.6%)

96(4.8%)

120(6.1%)1253(63.3

%)481(24.3%

)

Health impairments 36035(9.7%

)51(14.2

%)37(10.3%)

157(43.6%)

80(22.2%)

Total 13,022465(3.6

%)496(3.8

% )2672(20.5

%)7326(56.3

%)2063(15.8

%)

First Destination of New Graduates of Upper Secondary Dept. of Special Schools

Graduates of class of 2005

3%

23%

59%

14%1%

37%

3%

17%

28%

15%

School for the blind2% 5%

6%

63%

24%

School for children with intellectual disabilities

10%

14%

10%

44%

22%

First Destination of New Graduates of Special Schools - Upper Secondary Dept. - (2005 of March graduation)

School for children with physical/motor disabilities

School for children with health impairments

School for the deaf

45%

34%

7%5%

9%

Higher level ofeducation

Education andtraining institution

Employee

Residents ofwelfare/ medicalinstitutionsOther

By MEXT http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/shougaihoken/shingikai01/pdf/2a.pdf

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 year

Employment Rates of Special School Graduate

Number of Labors by Vocation-Special School Graduate in the Class of 2005-

3

12

60

61

76

86

173

240

300

669

993

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Security Officer

Electrictity, gas, heat supply and water

Specialized, technical, or management position

Agriculture, forestry and fishery

Transport and communication

Business or administration

Other

Mining, construction or civil enginiaring worker

Wholesale and retail trade, eating and drinking places Services

Production worker

Vocation

Vocation

Production worker 993

Services 669

Wholesale and retail trade, eating and drinking places 300

Mining, construction or civil enginiaring worker 240

Other 173

Business or administration 86

Transport and communication 76

Agriculture, forestry and fishery 61

Specialized, technical, or management position 60

Electrictity, gas, heat supply and water 12

Security Officer 3

Number of Labors by Vocation-Special School Graduate in the Class of 2005-

Physical disability handbook

2004

Total A severe（ ） B moderate,mild)（

668,702 310,408 358,294

Intellectual disability handbook

The Number of People having a Disability Handbook

2004Total Blindness/Visual

ImpairmentHearing Impairment・Disorder of vestibular・

function

Speech and・language disordersdysfunction of・

mastication

Motordisability

Physiologicaldisability

4,672,390 389,304 440,394 56,884 2,610,135 1,175,673

Amount of Disability Basic Pension Benefit

Class 1 792,100 yen ×1.25 （ 82,510 yen /month ）

＋ additional amount for child

Class 2 792,100 yen /year （ 66,008 yen /month ）

＋ additional amount for child

(for the year 200 ７ )

Education for the Gifted

Admission fee Tuition fee

Chief of the lab. Staff

\ 31.500 40 min. \ 14.000

60 min. \ 20.000

90 min. \ 28.000

40 min. \ 7.000

60 min. \ 10.000

90 min. \ 14.000

Tuition of a Cram School for Kindergartens

Trends in Percentage of Students Attending Private Cram Schools (7, 10 and 13-year-olds)

Questions in entrance examinations of Kindergartens

日本女子大　幼稚園 <Same-different task>

Choose the same figures.

田園調布双葉幼稚園<Reasoning>

Choose figure when you opened this paper which was folded into half.

Questions in entrance examinations of elementary schools

筑波大学附属小学校 <Reasoning>

What kind of figure is there when you put two transparent cards of left ?Choose a figure from the right side.

学習院初等科 <Reasoning>

Watch a right photograph. Which camera was used to take this photograph?

早稲田実業学校初等部 ＜巧緻性＞

Draw a figure when you folded the left figure into the right side.

Questions in entrance examinations of lower secondary schools

Fig.1 Fig.2

θ

D

C

A

B E

The number of students enrolling in Tokyo University, 2007

(2007)

Name of gifted schools Type of schoolKaisei High School Private boys' school 189Nada High School Private boys' school 100Azabu High School Private boys' school 95

Komaba High School affiliatedto The Univ．of Tsukuba National boys' school 74

Ouin Private girls' school 55Tsuchiura First High School Public coeducational school 28

Number ofstudents

The Special Supportive School

Special Supportive School

welfare Me ｄ ication

universityLabor

nursery kindergarten

Elementary schoolUpper secondary

school

Lower secondary school

Special 　 School(The special school which is separate type of disabilities )

Enrolled children 0.46 ％

(0.01 ％ )School for Blindness and Visual Impairment

(0.03 ％ ) School for Hearing Impairment

(0.42 ％ )School for　 - Intellectual Disability　 - Motor Disability - Health Impairment

･ Special Supportive School beyond classification of disabilities･ A role of Local Special Education center

Increase of the number of children for special education

Increase of the number of children with profound disability and multiple disability

　基本的な考え方の転換A change of basic

Concept to special education

Special Supportive School

桐蔭学園　幼稚園 < 構成 >

Make the same form as this illustration with these plates.