specijalni kurs iz jezika

8/18/2019 Specijalni Kurs Iz Jezika

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Specijalni kurs iz jezika

Zavisni veznici

Uvod

Razlikujemo ih po tipovima zavisnih recenica u kojima ih srecemo:

1. Vremenski: when, whenever, while, as, as soon as, as long as, till, until, since, after, before.

2. Mesni: where, wherever, an where, ever where.

!. "slovni: if, if onl , so long as, suppose that, supposing that, unless, in case, provi#e# $that%, provi#ing $that%, on con#ition $that%, on the un#erstan#ing $that%.

&. 'opusni: although, $even% though, for all, even if, whether(or, whereas, while, in spite of thefact that, notwithstan#ing that.

). "zrocni: because,as, since, seeing that, that, now that, on the groun#s that, for the reason that,in that.

*. +osle#icni: so that, that.

. -amerni: in or#er that, for the purpose that, so that, so as to.

. -acinski: as, as if, as though, but.

/. 0uprotni: whereas, while, whilst.

Vremenski veznici

-ajzastupljeniji veznik ove vrste je when . 3a#a se javi u recenici ra#nja se mozeo#vijati u isto vreme kao i ra#nja u glavnoj recenici $1% ili se mogu o#vijati je#na nakon #ruge$2%:


2/10

1% 4hen the cat is awa , the mice will pla .

5he stars are brightest when there is no moon.

2% 4hen he ha# rea# the letter, he tore it into pieces.

4e will meet again when 6 get back from the seminar.

7a vremenske recenice sa veznikom while vazi isto sto i za pretho#ne s tim sto onemogu poneka# biti #opunske recenice.

+rimeri: 4hile she was waiting for the train, she rea# a magazine.

4hile she was crossing the street, a lorr knocke# her #own.

4hile 6 was mowing the lawn he came up to me.

4hile going up the river we notice# a number of new currents.8ou ma sta in our house while ou are visiting 3osovska Mitrovica.

Recenice sa veznikom as se koriste ka# se ra#nje glavne i po#re#jene recenice #esavajuu isto vreme $1% i ka#a ra#nja zavisne recenice pretho#i ra#nji nezavisne recenice $2%:

1% 0he sang as she #rove home.

9is e es glittere# as he looke# at his new car.

s she sat #own her skirts rustle# softl .

2% s night came on, the win# calme# #own.

s the ship went #own, more an# more wreckage was flung against the rocks.

7avisne recenice sa veznikom as soon as koriste se ka#a se ra#nja glavne recenicena#ovezuje na ra#nju po#re#jene recenice:

+rimeri: s soon as we receive# our telegram, we prepare# the goo#s for shipment.

s soon as he wakes up, he turns on the ra#io.

4e will start as soon as ou are rea# .

Veznik as long as se koristi u recenicama cija ra#nja traje isto koliko i ra#nja glavnerecenice:

+rimeri: s long as there is life there is hope.

6 will never again eat o sters as long as 6 live.


3/10

8ou shall not be lonel as long as 6 am alive.

Veznici till i until se koriste u recenicama u kojima se obicno zavrsava ra#nja uzavisnoj recenici pa pocinje ra#nja u glavnoj recenici:

+rimeri: 5he took no rest till the reache# the top.9e stoo# thun#erstruck till the #anger was past.

0he #eci#e# to take no action till she ha# consulte# her law er.

"ntil she learns to behave we will not invite her to our parties.

"ntil we burst into laughter he #i# not realize it was a joke.

5he girl was perfectl happ with us until she receive# that letter.

Vremenske recenice sa veznikom since govore ra#nju koja se #esila u proslosti i netraje vise 6 one obicno u engleskom jeziku stoje u proslom vremenu:

+rimeri: 9e has been living with the same lan#la# since he entere# universit .

0ince he ha# that acci#ent he has been walking with a stick.

Recenice sa veznikom after se koriste ka#a ra#nja po#re#jene recenice pretho#i ra#njiglavne recenice:

+rimeri: 0he went to ;nglan# after she gra#uate#.

4e arrive# at the theatre after the pla ha# starte#.

;ven after she ha# talke# to him she #i# not know if he was in the right.

Vremenske recenice pre#stavljene veznikom before se koriste ka#a ra#nja glavnerecenice pretho#i ra#nji po#re#jene recenice:

+rimeri: 6t will be man ears before we visit this islan# again.

'o it before it is too late.

9e alwa s rea#s an hour or so before he falls asleep.

Mesni veznici


4/10

-ajzastupljeniji veznik ove vrste je where . Recenice pre#stavljene ovim veznikomkoriste se za kazivanje mesta glavne ra#nje:

+rimeri: 6 foun# the bag where 6 ha# left it.

6 signe# m name where he showe# me.4ater ha# collecte# where the tunnel was #eepest.

0he is happier where she is.

9e went where the #octor sent him.

9e looke# where he pointe#.

9e climbe# where nobo# else #are# to go.

Veznici wherever i ever where se koriste ka#a se stvari generalizuju:+rimeri: 4herever he went he was welcome.

5he #og followe# his master wherever he went.

;ver where the stoppe#, people gathere# aroun# them.

Uslovni veznici

" engleskom jeziku se koriste u recenicama koje govore uslov koji se mora ispuniti #a bise ra#nja u glavnoj recenici mogla izvesti.

6f je najzastupljeniji veznik ove vrste:

+rimeri: 6f ou heat snow it turns into water.

6f 6 make a promise, 6 keep it.

6f the chil#ren have not eaten, the must be hungr .6f ou have not stu#ie# ph sics, ou will not be able to un#erstan# those lectures.

" ovim slucajevima if moze biti zamenjeno sa whenever i smisao recenice se nece promeniti samo sto bi to on#a bila vremenska recenica a ne uslovna.

Veznik if onl se koristi u uzvicnim recenicama i izrazava zelju #a se nesto #ogo#i:


5/10

+rimer: 6f onl 6 were able to help them<

0o long as je veznik koji se cesce javlja u uslovnim recenicama nego u vremenskim iekvivalent je veznicima if onl i provi#e# that :

+rimeri: 6 #o not care, so long as ou love me. -othing matters, so long as ou stick to our i#eals.

"nless se javlja u recenicama u kojima je uslov u negaciji i ekvivalent je vezniku if not :

+rimeri: 8ou will not catch the train unless ou take a ta=i.

>oo#s will not be shippe# unless the are pai# for in a#vance.

5he stu#ents never aske# me to e=plain things again unless the reall #i# not

un#erstan#.

6 will len# ou the mone provi#e# that ou invest it wisel .

6n case se javlja u recenicama preventivnog tipa:

+rimer: 8ou shoul# better take an umbrella with ou in case it rains later on.

Dopusni veznici

?avljaju se u recenicama koje kazuju #a je postojao nekakav pre#uslov za izvo#jenjera#nje u glavnoj recenici. 6ako je nesto otezavalo ra#nju u nezavisnoj recenici ona je o#rzana.

-ajcesci veznik ove vrste je though . @esto mu se #o#aje veznik even ra#i naglasavanja.lthough se koristi isto kao i though ali je samo stvar formalnosti koji cemo izabrati:

+rimeri: lthough the ha# #one all the coul#, the faile# to complete the project on time.

Aail though 6 #i#, 6 woul# not aban#on m goal.

5hough he has a car, he c cles to his office.

lthough it was col# an# rain , we enjo e# the trip.

lthough he was half asleep, he remembere# to set the alarm.

5he persiste# although the were almost overcome b fatigue.


6/10

9e speaks ;nglish with a perfect accent though he has never been to ;nglan#.

5hough the theatre was sol# out, he manage# to get a ticket.

;ven though 6 aske# him politel , he gave me a ru#e answer.

9e pla s the guitar ver well even though he cannot rea# music.

;ven though the film got goo# reviews, it #i# not attract a big au#ience.

Aor all je neformalni veznik:

+rimer: Aor all our arguments ou will not convince me.

Veznik even if se koristi u recenicama koje kazuju olaksavajucu stranu ostvarivanjaglavne ra#nje 6 poneka# ih poistovecujemo sa uslovnim recenicama. >ovore #a je ra#njaneminovna iako je bio umesan o#re#jen factor:

+rimer: ;ven if ou offere# him a million, ou still coul# not bribe him.

4hereas se koristi u recenicama koje tako#je otezavaju realizaciju ra#nje u glavnojrecenici. Bbicno se o#vajaju zarezom kao, uostalom, 6 vecina zavisnih recenica ovog tipa:

+rimer: 4hereas she never openl #isagrees with her husban#, she never hesitates to tell himwhat is on her min# when the are at home.

Uzrocni veznici

-alazimo ih u recenicama koje nam govore zasto se neka ra#nja o#vila. " ovakvimrecenicama iskazan je razlog ili uzrok #ok je u lavnoj recenici iskazan isho#.

-ajcesci veznik ove vrste je because . Recenice sa ovim veznikom obicno i#u izaglavne recenice:

+rimeri: 5he pilot ha# to #escen# because he was short of fuel.

Cecause the stu#ent was 2D minutes late, he #i# not #are to enter the lecture theatre.

Veznici as i since se javljaju u recenicama g#e ej akcenat vise na isho#u u glavnojrecenici:


7/10

+rimeri: s it was raining, we sta e# in#oors all #a .

s 6 am tire# after m long #rive, 6 shall have an earl night.

0ince the girl was ver sh too, the oung couple sat in silence.

0ince it is our fault, ou shoul# apologize.

"zrocne recenice pre#stavljene veznikom that obicno i#u posle glavne recenice koja je,uglavnom, retoricko pitanje:

+rimer: re ou a millionare that ou spen# our mone so lavishl E

Veznik that obicno i#e uz sintagme now , on the groun# that , for the reason that iin :

+rimeri: -ow that ou are well again ou will have to make up for lost time.

9e resigne# from his job on the groun# that he was in poor health.

4e coul# not go to the concert for the simple reason that we ha# not got tickets.

9e is like his father in that he is fon# of sailing.

Posledicni veznici

Recenice u kojima se javljaju govore isho# ra#nje u glavnoj recenici. -ajzastupljenijiveznik ove vrste je in or#er that :

+rimer: 5he left the #oor open in or#er for me to hear the bab .

'osta se koristi i veznik so as to :

+rimer: 0tu#ents shoul# make notes so as to make revision easier.

+oneka# se veznik so moze izostaviti iz sintagme so that 6 recenica nece promenitismisao:

+rimer: 0he turne# her hea# that she might look him straight in the face.

Nacinski veznici


8/10

?avljaju se u recenicama koje kazuje nacin na koji se o#vila ra#nja glavne recenice:

+rimeri: 5he keep the house as it was in the poets lifetime.

9e likes to #rink tea with milk as is customar in ;nglan#.

+oneka# se koriste pojacivaci poput just i e=actl :

+rimeri: 5hings turne# out just as 6 ha# pre#icte#.

Feave the things e=actl as the are.

'o e=actl as 6 tell ou.

Recenice sa veznikom as if izrazavaju saa#asnju ili proslu ra#nju:

+rimeri: 9e spen#s his mone as if he were rich.

0he coul# remember it as if it were ester#a .

+oneka# se javlja like u nacinskim recenicama:

+rimer: 6t raine# like it woul# never stop.

Cut se javlja u formalnom stilu posle negacione glavne recenice:

+rimer: 6 never pass that house but 6 think of the happ #a s we spent in it.

Suprotni veznici

Recenice u kojima ucestvuju kazuju suprotno o# glavne recenice:

+rimer: Mr. @orb teaches ph sics, while Mr. Farson teaches chemistr .

6 ignore them whereas m husban# is alwa s worrie# about what the think of us.

Poredbeni veznici

+ore#bene recenice su obicno pre#stavljene veznicima as i than .3arakteristicno je zaove tipove recenica i veznika #a veznik kojim su pre#tavljene moze funkcionisati kao

premo#ifier u pri#evskim i priloskim frazama u kojima pore#bena klauzula funkcionise kao


9/10

postmo#ifier . +ore#bene recenice ne funkcionisu kao elementi recenice $subjekat, objekat, priloska o#re#ba, it#.% vec kao elementi fraze:

+rimer: 0he was as frien#l as she ha# ever been.

Recenica se sastoji o# tri elementa $subjekat, pre#icator i #o#atak subjekta%. 'o#atak subjekta je izrazen pri#evskom frazom: as frien#l as she ha# ever been :

Zakljucak

7avisni veznici su najvazniji #eo svake zavisne recenice i ono sto ih #efinise. 7avisneveznike pomenute u uvo#u mozemo po#eliti i na: proste $when, while, as, till, until, since, after,

before, if, though, because, that, whilst%, slozene $whenever, wherever, an where, ever where,although, whereas%, frazalne $as soon as, as long as, if onl so, so long as, suppose that, in case,

provi#e# that, on con#ition that, even though, for all, even if, whether(or, no matter how, inspite of the fact that, now that, on the groun#s that, for the reason that, in that, so that, in or#er that, for the purpose that, so as to, as if%, participske $supposing that, provi#ing that, on theun#erstan#ing that, notwithstan#ing that, seeing that%.


10/10

Literatura

G Mo#ern english grammar H 'ana Claganje, 6van 3onte

G stu#ents grammar of the english language H 0i#ne >reenbaum, Ran#olph Iuirk

G Mo#ern ;nglish H Marcella Arank

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