spectroscopy
DESCRIPTION
spectroscopyTRANSCRIPT
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Prologue
• Designer: Eric Kimsey• The following powerpoint presentation was
designed to fulfill the requirements of the TAPS program at Jefferson Labs in Newport News, VA summer 2006.
• This presentation was also designed to accompany and expound upon the topic of Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum as required by the state of Virginia Physical Science SOL’s (PS.9c).
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SpectroscopyA Tool of Astronomers
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Definitions• Spectroscopy- the study of the light
from an object.• Spectrometer- an instrument which
spreads out light making a spectra.• Spectra- range of electromagnetic
energy separated by wavelength.
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Astronomers use spectroscopy because it allows them to determine the makeup of stars… without having to be present to take samples.
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Studying an objects spectra can tell scientists the composition of an object, its temperature, its density and its motion.
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Two modern applications of spectroscopy in space…
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Mars Exploration MissionThe Mars Exploration Rovers were launched with the goal of searching for and analyzing rock and soils on Mars. They utilized several spectrometers to analyze samples.
Mini-TES: miniature thermal emission spectrometer (examine rock, soil & atmosphere)
MB: Mossbauer Spectrometer (examine mineralogy of rocks & soils)
APXS: Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (analyze elements in rocks & soils)
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Cassini-Hyugen’s MissionMission: to gather information on Titan (Saturn’s moon).
VIMS: Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (gather data about surface, rings & atmosphere of Titan and Saturn).
CIRS: Composite Infrared Spectrometer (searches for heat and by that gather information on the object’s composition.
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2 Basic Types of Spectra• Continuous- energy of all
wavelengths• Discrete- energy at a particular
wavelength– Emission or bright lines– Absorption or dark lines
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Continuous Spectrum• Also called thermal
or blackbody spectra
• Spectra of stars, planets, moons
• Depends on temperature
Ex: sunlight passing through a prism
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Hotter objectsShift toward this end
Cooler objectsShift toward this end
Shorter wavelength
Longer wavelength
Continuous Spectrum continued
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Discrete Spectrum Absorption
Hot object
Cool, thin gas
SpectraAbsorptionspectrum
Ex: stars, planets w/ atmospheres, & galaxies
Each element has a unique signature of absorption lines. That pattern helps scientists identify the element(s).
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Discreet spectrum-
Emission
Cold, empty space
Spectra
Emissionspectrum
Thin,hotgas
Again, the pattern of the lines determines the identity of the element.
Ex: comets, nebula & certain stars
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Motion of Objects in SpaceBlue shift shows object ismoving toward the observer.
This shows the normal position or no motion.
This shows a red shift meaning that the object is moving away from the observer.
Compare the dark lines in the middle spectra to the dark lines in the other two spectra.
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Spectroscopy Lab
Determining the Spectraof Certain Elements
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What type of spectrais shown here?
•Continuous•Absorption•Emission
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What type of spectrais shown here?
•Continuous•Absorption•Emission
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Why does this picture represent just the continuous spectrum of light?
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Light is just one portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Name 5 other parts of the EM spectrum.
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Acknowledgements
• www.ipac.caltech.edu/Outreach/Edu/Spectra/spec.html• www.astronomynotes.com/lights4.htm• http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/instruments-cassini-cirs.cfm• http://pmo-sun.uoregon.edu/~astrosites.html• http://marsrovers.nasa.gov/overview
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No way! Were you sleeping?
Back to question #1
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YES, we have a winner!
To next question….
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Pat yourself on the back!
Next question
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That is a definite NO!
Back to 2nd question