Spectrum Management Activitiesat the FCC/OET

Ronald Repasi, Deputy ChiefOffice of Engineering and Technology

National SpectrumManagement Association

May 17, 2017

Note:TheviewsexpressedinthispresentationarethoseoftheauthorandmaynotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheFederalCommunicationsCommission

FCC/OET Spectrum Management

n FCC manages non-federal spectrum n National Telecommunications &

Information Administration (NTIA) manages federal spectrumn Advised by Interdepartmental Radio

Advisory Committee (IRAC)

n Federal Agencies participate in IRAC including FCC.

n Most spectrum is shared between federal and non-federal use

n FCC works closely with NTIAand federal agencies

TV Incentive Auction

TV Incentive AuctionHow it Works

n FCC commenced the first-ever “incentive auction” on March 29, 2016n authorized by Congress in 2012, n designed to allow market forces to align the use of

broadcast airwaves with demands for broadband services

n https://www.fcc.gov/about-fcc/fcc-initiatives/incentive-auctions/how-it-works

5

TV Incentive Auction 600 MHz Band Plan

Repacked TV Guard Medical Duplex Gap RepurposedBand Telemetry & For Wireless

Radio Astronomy Auction

First time the Commission has needed to develop band plans without knowing how much spectrum will be available!

Technical Pillars of TV Incentive Auction

TV Study Software Used to predict Coverage & Population Served

Constraints on Repacking Stations

Controlling Inter-service Interference Repacking

Optimization

Can’t assign same channel– too close

OK to assign same channel– far apart

Reorganize remaining stations in most efficient way that recovers the most spectrum at theleast cost - - akin to defragmenting a hard drive

Incentive Auction Closedn Bidding in the auction closed on March 30, 2017

n preserves a robust broadcast TV industry while making valuable “low-band” airwaves available for wireless broadband

n repurposes 84 megahertz of spectrum – 70 megahertz for licensed use and another 14 megahertz for wireless microphones and unlicensed use

n yields $19.8 billion in revenue - including $10.05 billion for winning broadcast bidders, more than $7 billion to be deposited to the U.S. Treasury for deficit reduction

n April 13, 2017 Commission PN formally closes auctionn Begins 39-month period for some TV stations transition to new

channel assignments

Wireless Microphones

n Majority have operated in the UHF TV band on secondary basisn with close of Incentive Auction, less spectrum

available for wireless mics after TV band spectrum repurposing

n must transition out of most 600 MHz spectrum no later than January 2020

Provisions for Wireless Microphones

n In 2015, FCC took several steps to accommodate wireless mics n adopted international ETSI standard to promote efficient usen more opportunities in remaining TV spectrum for licensed co-

channel operations inside DTV contoursn 4 megahertz available in 600 MHz duplex gap for licensed

wireless mic use

Provisions for Wireless Microphones

n Additional spectrum on licensed secondary basis:n more spectrum in the 900 MHz bandn portion of the 1435-1525 MHz band at

specified times and places, subject to coordination to protect critical aeronautical mobile telemetry

n portions of the 6875-7125 MHz band

n Some have petitioned for reconsideration (mostly technical issues); these are currently under review

Unlicensed in TV White Space

TV White Space

n Concept: Spectrum access through data base of protected TV & other services

n Fifteen devices approved: n All are fixed devices, designed for professional

installation - location entered manually n All are generic boxes with an input for a digital

signal (voice, video, data). n Five data base providers approved

n Amount of white space post auction TBD

n Strong international interest:n white space pilots in Phillippines, South Africa,

Namibia, Botswana and many others

Carlson

AdaptrumMeld

SpectrumBridge iconectiv

White Space Rule Changesn Unlicensed operation permitted in:

n Remaining white spacen Duplex gapn Guard bands Channel 37 – Shared non-Ix to medical telemetry and

astronomyn Recovered spectrum until wireless commences operation

= Bands proposed for unlicensed

TV White Space Devices

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 39 42 44434140 700 MHz ULBA11 BA 112 42

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 39 42 434140 700 MHz ULCBACBA7 11

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 39 4140 700 MHz ULDCBADCBA9 11

3 48

4 60

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 39 700 MHz ULEDCBAEDCBA5 72 1111

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 700 MHz ULFEDCBFEDCB AA6 78 117

37 700 MHz UL26252724232221 30292827 333231 3534 GFEDC GFEDCBA BA36 117 384

9

108

37 700 MHz UL39

37 700 MHz UL302928 31 311

3

3 C HGFFD B11

G H JI JIHGFED11

A

CBA

BA C HGFED

FEDCBA

3226252724232221 278

37 700 MHz UL7 3 3 IHGFE IHGFEDC11 BADCBA302928 3126252724232221 27114

10 292826252724232221 27126

37 700 MHz UL3 3H I KJ KJIHGFE11 DCBGFEDCB26252724232221 27 A A

37 700 MHz UL3 3I J LK LKJIHGF11 EDCHGFEDCB BA A26252724232221

11 138

12 144

11

7

37 38333231 3635343029282726252724232221 39 42 44434140 47 49484645 5150 700 MHz UL

11 Megahertz

6 megahertzWSD

UnlicensedMicrophones

Uplink

1 MH

z bufferD

ownlink

LicensedMics

Paired SpectrumBlocks Repurposed Mobile UplinkMobile DownlinkTV Broadcast Spectrum

White space devices may continue to operate until mobile licensee commences service in an area

Potential of 78 fewer megahertz available in any given area

White space devices continue to operate

Low VHF channels 2-6High VHF channels 7-13

UHF channels 14-36

Rules adopted to permit white space devices to share spectrum with wireless medical telemetry

devices and Radio Astronomy Service(Subject of Petitions for Reconsideration)

Channel 37 acts as guard band between mobile systems and broadcast stations- No additional guard band for use by white space devices

Data Base Improvementsn Portable devices must use geolocation

n Fixed devices can be professionally installed & registered in data base

n Problems with entries in data base corrected:

n Invalid listings; missing data fields; incorrect locations; etc.

n Worked with industry & data base providers to correct problems

n No interference complaints

n NPRM - February 25, 2016n Eliminate the professional installer

option for fixed white space devicesn Require each fixed white space device

incorporate a geo-location capability n Improve reliability of data bases

Registration Information

FCC Id Serial No.Lat./Long.Contact nameHAATDevice ownerAddressE-mailPhoneIdentifier

Data Base Lessons LearnedCoordination among database providers is critical

– Data exchange protocol ensures information updated frequently and consistently – Device protocols to register and authenticate devices by the database provider –

currently, device certification with specific database providers– Need clear policy for handling license database errors

Ensure consistent method of calculating protected areas - - each database must provide the same answerNeed a process for authenticating user input & ensuring data integrityOut-of-band emissions can be a challengeSecurity and enforcement mechanisms must be considered

3.5 GHz

3.5 GHz: Citizens Broadband Radio Service

3550 MHz 3700 MHz 3650

Navy Ship Radars Non-Federal FSS ESFixed Satellite Service

Federalspectrum allocations

Federal Ground-Based Radar

3600

Citizens Broadband Radio Service

Incumbent Access

Priority Access

General Authorized Access

Spectrum sharing across three tiers

Spectrum Access System (SAS) managesAccess to spectrum

Recent Developmentsn Second Report & Order & Order on Reconsideration - April 28, 2016

n Affirms regulatory approach n Allows increase in the power level for non-rural Category B CBSDs n Allow a single PAL to be issued in License Areas located in Rural Areas in the absence

of mutually exclusive applicationsn Establishes Engineering-based approach for determining when Priority Access License

area in usen Adopts a robust, flexible secondary market for Priority Access Licensesn Balances the expanded access for wireless broadband operators with the need to

protect fixed satellite service operationsn Certification of SAS Administrators and ESC

n Public Notice December 2015 established procedures for submission and review of proposals from prospective SAS Administrators and ESC operators

n February 2016 meeting of prospective SAS Administrator sand ESC operatorsn “First Wave” Proposals filed in May 2016n April 2017 - PN announces how 3650-3700 MHz incumbents file for grandfathered,

protected statusn Separate PN announces a second-wave deadline to apply for approval to serve as SAS

and ESC administrators

SAS & ESC Approval Processn Similar to TVWSn Overseen by WTB/OET; close consultation with NTIA

and DoDn Applications to include all information in PNn Evaluate all of the “first wave” proposals n Release list of those conditionally approved n Assess and test each conditionally approved SAS and

ESCn Public testing period, including incumbent protection

capabilities

Unlicensed at 5 GHz

Wi-Fi & BluetoothWi-Fi

n About two and a half billion Wi-Fi devices were sold in 2014; four billion expected in 2020

n More than five million Wi-Fi hotspots worldwide & expected to reach 10 million by 2018

n More than 725 million households around the world are expected to have a Wi-Fi connection this year

n More than half of commercial wireless traffic offloaded to Wi-Fi

Bluetooth n Bluetooth SIG 23,000 member cos.

n More than 2.5 billion devices shipped in 2013

n Well-known devices: Phones, headsets, cars, game consoles, computers, tablets, TV’s

n New applications: Socks, shoes, balls, water bottles, teeth, prosthetics, hats, signs, arm, paper, pacifiers

Bluetooth gives new meaning to “Follow the bouncing ball”

Unlicensed at 5 GHz§ Existing rules provide access to 555 MHz of spectrum

for unlicensed use in the 5 GHz region of the spectrum

§ Much of the spectrum is shared with radars using Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)

Device

Time

ListenFor

Radar

OKTo Transmit

ListenAgain

RadarDetected:

Move to New Channel

Invisible To User:Device Continuesto Operate

Set the detection for extremely weak signals: False positivesSet the detection for stronger signals: False negatives

Radar

Spectrum For Unlicensed@ 5 GHz

n Much of the 5 GHz band is shared by unlicensed on a non-interference basisn Access to some spectrum relies on DFS to avoid interference with radarsn FCC Notice of Proposed Rule Making

n Proposed access to U-NII-2B and U-NII-4 for unlicensedn Invited comment on possible sharing techniquesn No change to existing spectrum allocations - existing allocations/services are protected

against harmful interference

Previous RulesAllocations

Unlicensed

Now 250 mW

WiFi Channels at 5 GHz

The current Wi-Fi 802.11ac standard enables speeds in excess of 1 Gb/sand increased capacity to meet growing demand, particularly for video• Standard provides for 20, 40, 80 and 160 MHz channels• Current 5GHz spectrum provides for two 160 MHz channels• Additional spectrum could provide up to four 160 MHz channels

UNII-2B: 5350 – 5470 MHz

n Very difficult sharing scenariosn Includes federal

plane/ship/terrestrial radars & earth exploration satellite

n US proposed to continue international work for WRC-19

n Work group established:n FCC/NTIA/DoD/NASAn Considered Ix protection studies &

sharing approachesn Have not been able to identify

a way forward at this time

Aeronautical radar must pick up weak reflected signals from far away

Wireless networks must “hear” very weak signals from radar

AggregateInterference

Balance detection vs falsing

n IEEE Tiger Team Proposal: Detect-and-Avoidn Unlicensed devices detect 10MHz DSRC packets

n All seven 10 MHz DSRC channels scannedn -85dBm sensitivity

n Vacate all of the UNII-4band (75MHz) once a DSRC packet is detected in any of the channelsn No transmissions allowedfor 10 seconds once a DSRCpacket is detected

UNII-4: 5850 – 5925 MHz

n IEEE Tiger Team Proposal: Re-channelizationn Dedicated DSRC spectrum

n Open only the lower part of the spectrum to UNII devicesn Leave 20MHz or 30MHz dedicated spectrum for DSRC high-avail channelsn Share the Channel 173 and 177 between DSRC service channels and UNII devices

n For the shared spectrumn Encourage 20MHz DSRC service-channel operation

n Would allow for more effective detection of the DSRC signals

n Develop sharing solutions in IEEEn Service channels can also use 802.11n/ac in any 5GHz band for service applications

UNII-4: 5850 – 5925 MHzProposed boundary

of UNII4

DSRC Band

161

165

169

173

177

177

173DSRC Channels

Wi-Fi Channels160MHz

80MHz80MHz 3 Dedicated 10MHz DSRC high-avail Channels

UNII-4: 5850 – 5925 MHzn Sharing Scenarios with DSRC

n Vehicle to Vehiclen Vehicle to Infrastructure

n IEEE Tiger Team proposalsn FCC/NTIA/DoT collaboratingn FCC Public Notice:

n Refresh the recordn Solicit prototype devices

n Testing in 3 phases involvesn reviewing equipment at FCC’s

Columbia Labn testing prototypes off-campus

utilizing DOT facilities and procedures

n tests in real-world scenarios

LTE-U, LAA & Wi-Fin LTE – Long Term Evolution:

Technology designed to operate in licensed spectrum

n LTE for unlicensed spectrum:n Focus on U-NII 1 & 3 (no DFS)

n OET/WTB sought to better understand technologies

n Wi-Fi Alliance Co-Existence Test Plann The FCC approved first LTE-U Devices

n Tested to show they meet FCC rulesn Though successful evaluation underco-existence plan, this is not an FCCrequirement

Wi-Fi: Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)

LTE-U

Spectrum Frontiers - 5G

What is 5G?

32

• Components of 5G are being identified and under discussion/development• Throughput (>50x of 4G, or 5-10GBps) and latency (<1msec air latency) are often discussed

• The overall network architecture and end-user experience are being developed

5G – Policy Perspective

33

q 5G is a national priority for USq We indicate which spectrum will be made availableq Rely on a private sector-lead process for producing technical standards best suited for

those frequencies

q Flexible licensing rules:q To support various service modelsq Carrier-driven vs. new entrant vs. end-user driven network

q Technical rules q to take advantage of propagation characteristics

of mmW bandsq Enable sharing opportunitiesq Enhance spectrum reuse

q Create opportunities for innovators to build and deliver new services and applications to consumers

Spectrum for 5Gq Core Principles of FCC Approach

q Identify substantial spectrum in MMW bands for new servicesq Protect incumbent services against interferenceq Flexible use: Enable market to determine highest valued useq Overlay auctions where no existing assignmentsq Provide spectrum for both licensed and unlicensed use

q Added 10.85 GHz of for mobile serviceq Licensed: (3.85GHz): 27.5-28.35 GHz; 38.6-40 GHz; 37-38.6 GHz q Unlicensed: (7GHz): 64-71 GHz

q Adopted licensing, operating & technical rules

q Considering add’l 15.8 GHz + above 95 GHzq 24.25-24.45 GHz; 24.75-25.25 GHz; 31.8-33.4 GHz; 42-42.5 GHz;

47.2-50.2 GHz; 71-76 GHz; 81-86 GHz; bands above 95 GHz

Overview of New Bands28 GHz 37 GHz 39 GHz 64-71 GHz

Frequency 27.5-28.35 GHz 37-38.6 GHz 38.6-40 GHz 64-71 GHz

Bandwidth 850 MHz 1600 MHz 1400 MHz 7000 MHz

TerrestrialAllocation

Licensed for fixed operations, with about 75% of the population

covered by existing licenses; remaining licenses in inventory

Yes (no current use) Licensed for fixed operations, with about 50% of the population

covered by existing licenses; the

remaining licenses are in inventory.

Yes (no current use)

FederalAllocation

No Radio Astronomy / Space Research in 37-38 GHz @ 3 sites;

Federal Fixed/Mobile in 37-38.6 GHz @ 14 locations

Fixed Satellite Service / Mobile Satellite Service in 39.5-40 (military use only)

Earth Exploration Satellite

Fixed/Mobile/Satellite

Satellite Allocation

Yes Yes (no current use) Yes (no current use) Yes (no current use)

Licensing Scheme

Licensed Licensed Licensed Unlicensed

Possible International Harmonization

WRC-19 1.13

FCC R&O

FCC FNPRM

24.25 – 27.5 GHz

31.8 – 33.4 GHz

*Requires Mobile Service Allocation

37 – 40.5 GHz

40.5 – 42.5 GHz

42.5 – 43.5 GHz

45.5 – 47 GHz

47 – 47.2 GHz

47.2 – 50.2 GHz

50.4 – 52.6 GHz

66 – 76 GHz 81 – 86 GHz

38.6 – 40 GHz37 – 38.6 GHz27.5 – 28.35

GHz

…

[Existing unlicensed

57 - 64 GHz]

64 – 71 GHz

31.8 – 33.4 GHz24.75 – 25.25 GHz

24.25 – 24.45 GHz

42 – 42.5 GHz

47.2 – 50.2 GHz

81 – 86 GHz71 – 76 GHz

Tuning Range?

50.4 – 52.6 GHz

Factors Enabling Sharing

n High amount of spectrum provides flexibility to avoid interference

n Relatively high path loss

n Adaptive antenna technology (steered beams)

n Heterogeneous networks37

Full Dimensional MIMO

5G Deployment Scenario

Technical Rulesq Flexible Duplexing

q TDD and/or FDD

q TX Powerq Max EIRP of 62dBm/100MHz is proposed for BSq Max EIRP of 43dBm is proposed for MSq Sought comments on the bandwidth factor for mmW band technologies

q Out of Band Emissions (OOBE)q Radiated measurement is assumed due to lack of RF portq 43+10logP is proposed and sought comments on the measurement bandwidth, offset

and other parameters as applicable from existing FCC rules

q Field Strength at Market Bordersq Sought comments on the applicability of 47dBuV/m per Part 27 rules

q Measurement Techniques q Sought comments on measurement challenges of mmW bands, particularly on the

radiated measurement techniques38

Next Stepsq Strong support for FCC order

q Suppliers have developed equipment q Carriers are conducting tests & planning trials

q Consider comments on Further NPRMq Experimental licensing: Greater Flexibilityq Advanced Wireless Research Initiative:

q $400 million initiative led by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to enable deployment and use of four city-scale testing platforms for advanced wireless research over next decade

q For details see https://nsf.gov/cise/advancedwireless/39

Experimental Licensing

Experimental Licensen Purpose

n Promote innovation & researchn Support product/service development processn Allow RF operations necessary for certain business

processes (e.g. EMI testing)n Experimental License

n License to use radio frequencies otherwise not granted to or held by applicant

n Can permit RF operation in manner not permitted by service rules

n Power, bandwidth, location, type of service, …….

Program Licensen New license defined to support needs of R&D organizations

n Intended to further streamline experimental process for R&D organizationsn Recognizes that many R&D institutions control the space within which

experiments occurn Campuses, test ranges, etc.

n Risk of interference is minimized within such controlled spacesn Program License

n Grants general authority to conduct experiments in defined geographic area

n Specific experiments must be described and posted on new FCC program license website

n Website permits inspection by public and automatic notification by triggers on experiment characteristics to interested parties

n If no objections received within 10 day period (15 if federal frequencies), applicant is authorized to proceed

n Report on experiment including any interference incidents must be posted on website within 30 days of experiment termination

Innovation Zonen A specified geographic locationn Pre-authorized boundary conditions (such as

frequency band, maximum power, etc.)n Created by the Commission on its own motion

or in response to a request from the publicn Innovation zones will be announced via public

notice and posted on the Commission's program experimental registration Web site.

n Stimulus was concept of “model city” where experiments occur in-situ within some common area

Innovation Zone Participantsn Must have program license

n All conditions of program license applyn Innovation Zone is the defined geographic area for

the program licensee Innovation Zone participantsn Experiments must be consistent with boundary

conditions defined for Innovation Zonen Allows multiple innovators to experiment within

a defined Innovation Zone or geographic area

Statusn Implementation of Program

License dependent on availability of new FCC website

n Public Notice announcing general availability on 4/14/2017: https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-17-362A1.pdf

n First licensees were NYU Tandon School and Univ. Colorado Boulder

Some trade-offs to Consider

Urban Area:A “Real Test”but high risk

Remote Area:More limited demonstrationbut low risk

Equipment Authorization

Equipment Authorization

n Report & Order adopted December 2014:n Telecommunications Certification Bodies (TCBs) empowered to certify all

equipmentn TCB’s required to post-market sample 5% of the devices they have certifiedn Specifies steps to address deficient TCBsn Requires accreditation for all testing laboratories by July 13, 2016n Petition for reconsideration pending re lab accreditation requirement

n Notice of Proposed Rulemaking July 2015:n Update certification procedures for modular devicesn Permit e-labellingn Discontinue filing of importation Form 740 declaring FCC compliancen Ensure security of software that controls radio (frequency, power, etc.) –

Public concerns expressed about impact on open source software

TCB Programn Telecommunications Certification

Bodies (TCBs) certify most radios

n 38 TCBs world-wide under Mutual Recognition Agreements

n TCBs can often certify products in a matter of days

n Success of the program depends on consistent application processing:n FCC conducts regular workshops –

require mandatory TCB attendancen Provides Knowledge Data Base guidance

TCB Workshop

Lab KDBs

Questions?