speech & languageqwdqd

SENSATION AND PERCEPTIONChapter 7: Speech & Language
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Production of Speech: Frontal lobe - Broca=s Area
Phonemes: Smallest unit of sound in a particular
language. Example: pit bit , pit pat
Morphemes: The smallest unit of sound that
conveys meaning.
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Defining Language
A language is a set of symbols, usually words, that convey meaning
Language is often expressed with gestures
Language takes place in a social context
Language and culture are intertwined
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc
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Linguistics
Linguistics is the study of language, including speech, sounds, meaning, and grammar
Psycholinguistics is the study of how language is acquired, perceived, understood, and produced
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Linguistics
Phonology is the study of the patterns and distribution of speech sounds in a language, and the rules for their pronunciation
Phonemes are the smallest sounds that compose words in a language
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Linguistics
Morphemes are the basic units of meaning in a language
Semantics is the analysis of the meaning of language
Syntax is the way words and groups of words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences
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Sentence
Phrase
Word
or
Morphemes
Phonemes
Stephanie
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Linguistics
Grammar is the linguistic description of how a language functions
Grammar deals with the rules used for generating comprehensible and appropriate sentences
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Culture has a great influence on language and thought
People who believe in role and gender-specific abilities are likely to apply those beliefs to their language and decision making
Bilingualism promotes cognitive flexibility
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Chomsky suggested that language is innate
He proposed humans have an inborn “universal grammar”
Universal grammar is an innate mechanism that produces meaningful sentences
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Biological Theories
Chomsky and Miller assert that humans have an innate capacity to develop language
This view states that humans are born with a mental language acquisition device (LAD)
The LAD allows children to pay attention to language and ultimately use it
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Language acquisition devise!
Critical period for language development
Attention to language (mimics)
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Bl Vrs Lb Hindi and Salish speech sounds
Before 9 months did discriminate
After 9 months didn=t discriminate
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no model
Grammar or Rules within a given language (indicating how words can be
combined into meaningful sentences) is acquired in a universal sequence and at the same stage of development
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Language Studies with Chimpanzees
Results of studies of chimpanzees can be used to argue both for and against the idea that language develops naturally
Washoe was taught to make a large number of signs from American sign language
Sarah was taught words and sentences with magnetized plastic shapes
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Studies with Chimpanzees
Lana learned to press computer keys with symbols representing words but was unable to manipulate grammatical relations
Nim Chimpski was taught manual signing but her signed messages did not increase in length as children’s do
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