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Spent Nuclear FuelManagement From Research Reactorsin Indonesia
IRWAN SANTOSO
CENTER FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OF INDONESIA
Email: [email protected]
Technical Meeting on Strategies and Opportunities for the Management of Spent Fuel from Power Reactors in the Longer Timeframe
25-29 November 2019, New Delhi, India
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Introductions
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities
Spent Nuclear Management
Interim Storage for Spent Fuel (ISSF)
Recent Activities
Conclusions
Contens
2
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Indonesia is an archipelagic country with total area is 1,905 million km2, extending about 5,120 kms from east to west and 1,760 kms from north to south
There are over 300 ethnic groups with 748 local languages
Total Populations of Indonesia in 2019 Reaches 267 Million People
There are 17,508 islands, only 8,844 islands have name. with 922 of those are permanently inhabited
Introductions (1/4)
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Source : Indonesian Ministry of National Development Planning
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The electricity demand in 2018 is 254,6 TWh
Electricity production from coal power plant is still dominant in the future, but the share in the total electricity production is declining, meanwhile of electricity production from NRE power plant will increase
Introductions (2/4)
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Power plant capacity per Energy Source
Source : Indonesia Energy Outlook 2019, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Base on government regulation number 79 year 2014 about Policy on NationalEnergy, currently the nuclear energy is considered as the last option which make thedevelopment of nuclear power reactor in Indonesia is not possible at the moment
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Introductions (3/4)
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The Government establishes an Executing Body and a Regulatory Body (Based on Act no 10 year 1997)
Radioactive waste shall be classified into :• Low-level Radioactive Waste (LLW);• Intermediate-level Radioactive Waste (ILW); and• High-level Radioactive Waste (spent nuclear fuel).
The ILW and LLW can be a sealed source and contaminated material, which produced by industry, hospital and research institute (include BATAN)
BATAN operated radioactive waste treatment installation and interim storage facility.
Type of disposal facility for ILW and LLW is near surface and intermediate depth disposal meanwhile type of disposal for HLW is not determinated
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Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities (1/2)
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Interim Storage for Spent
Fuel
Fuel Fabrication and
Radiometallurgi Installation
Mining - Kalan
Kartini Reactor - YogyakartaTriga Mark Reactor - BandungGA Siwabessy Reactor
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Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities (2/2)
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Indonesia do not have nuclear power plant (NPP), However,in its national long term strategic action plan, Indonesia hasa plan to introduce the use of nuclear energyAll activities related nuclear fuel cycle is adressed to
research and development (except commercial fuelfabrication, carry out by state company, INUKI)Indonesia employs an open fuel cycle strategy. It’s means
that all LLW and ILW would go to near surface disposal,whereas spent nuclear fuel (SNF) which is considered ashigh level waste (HLW) could be repatriated/returned tovendor or be disposed of.Type of Disposal facility for SNF is not stipulated in
regulation
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SNF Management (1/3)
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The owner of research reactor must do temporary storage at least during the reactor's operating period
BATAN (Center for Radioactive Waste Technology) store SNFs comes from research reactor and NPPs
The SNF Disposal is carry out by BATAN The location disposal facility selection must
be approved by the Indonesia's House of Representatives
Spent
nuclear fuel
ISFSF
Re-
export
Conditioning/
Packaging
DisposalDeep
geological
disposal
Research
Reactor
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SNF Management (2/3)
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KARTINI Reactor (operated since
1979)
Fuel Element in core: 71
Spent fuel in storage : 6
Capacity of spent fuel storage : 90
TRIGA 2000 Reactor (operated since 1964)
Fuel Element: 105 Enrichment Max : 20% Spent fuel in storage :5
element Capacity of spent fuel
storage : 192
GA Siwabessy (operated since 1987)
Multipurpose type,
Fuel: U3Si2Al, enriched 20%
Fuel Element in core: 48
Spent fuel in storage : 98
Capacity of spent fuel storage : 300
Data for August 2019
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SNF Management (3/3)
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Spent Fuel Management PolicyIndonesia has a policy to re-exporting spent fuels to the origincountry or stored them within the authorized facility,reprocessing of spent fuel is not possible in Indonesia
Year Reactor Type Number
1999 GA Siwabessy SNF element 47
Plate of MTR fuel 1
2004 GA Siwabessy, Kartini, Triga 2000
SNF element 111
Plate of MTR fuel 1
2009 GA Siwabessy Fuel element 34
Control road 8
Re-export Spent Fuel to USA
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Interim Storage for Spent Fuel (1/2)
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• Wet storage type, the demineralized water depth 6,5 meters
• To store spent fuels from research reactor GA Siwabessy
• Away reactor, transfer SNF through underwater channel
• Constructed 1998, Designed by AEA Technology, UK.
• Multi barrier construction: SS-304 liner, pond walls(concrete)
• Life time design 40 years• Total capacity is 1458 SNFs
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• Purification System
• Cooling System
• Water demineralized system
• Ventilation and Air
Conditioning
• Radiation monitor
• Physical Protection System
Interim Storage for Spent Fuel (2/2)
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Sipping test is non-destructive method used to test the leaking of spent fuel based on fission product released from the cladding
After experiencing a period of sipping on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 8th day then they were do sampling each of 500 ml.
Water sample each fuel then was analyzed using a gammaspectrometer to find the radio nuclides contaminant
Recent Activities (1/2)
Sipping Test
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Recent Activities (2/2)
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The aging management within surveillance critical SSCs (pH & conductivity of water cooling, SS liner thickness, corrosion rate by
coupon SS 304) Design dry storage (heat
transfer mechanism)
Site selection for Disposal Facility (NSD type in Java Island)
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Conclusions
• NFCFs in Indonesia only for research and development activities
• Spent Nuclear Fuel only from research reactors
• There are two options for spent nuclear fuels management : re-exported or store in wet storage type
• Disposal facility for SNF is not yet built
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CENTER FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY (BATAN)
Gedung 50 Kawasan Puspiptek, Tangerang Selatan
(021) 756 3142 | Fax. (021) 756 0927