Spettroscopia

http://www.dsf.unica.it/~michele/spettroscopia

Topics - Absorption and Emission of Light

-  Quantum theory of atom-light interaction

-  Instrumentation

-  Lasers

-  Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy

-  Nonlinear Spectroscopy

-  Ultrafast laser spectroscopy

-  Guest lectures - M.A. Loi (Visiting Professor): Organic materials and solar cells

-  Lab Experiments: Photodetection noise and lock-in amplifier; Optical pumping; Transform-limited ultrafast optical pulses; Time-resolved photoluminescence; Femtosecond pump-probe; Raman; Confocal microscope; Solar cell efficiency.

Nobel Prizes in Physics

2009 - Charles K. Kao, Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith 2005 - Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch 2001 - Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 1997 - Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1989 - Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul 1981 - Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn 1966 - Alfred Kastler 1964 - Charles H. Townes, Nicolay G. Basov, Aleksandr M. Prokhorov 1944 - Isidor Isaac Rabi 1930 - Venkata Raman 1921 - Albert Einstein 1907 - Albert A. Michelson

Textbook

Exam requirements

Attendance 6 CFU = 48 hrs

Weekly exercises

Lab reports

Final test (written or oral)

Absorption and Emission of Light

Maxwell

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∇ ⋅ε = ρε0

∇ ⋅ B = 0

∇ ×ε = − ∂B∂t

∇ × B = µ0 j + ε0∂ε∂t

⎛

⎝ ⎜

⎞

⎠ ⎟

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D = ε 0ε + PP = ε 0χεD = ε 0ε rεε r =1+ χ

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∇⋅ D = ρ∇⋅ B = 0

∇ ×ε = − ∂B∂t

∇ × H = j + ∂D∂t

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H = 1µ0B −M

M = χMH

B = µ0 H + M( ) = µ0 1+ χM( )H= µ0µrH

EM waves

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∇⋅ D = ρ∇⋅ B = 0

∇ ×ε = − ∂B∂t

∇ × H = j + ∂D∂t

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ρ = 0j = 0χM = 0D = ε 0ε rεB = µ0µrH = µ0H

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∇ × B = ε0εrµ0∂ε∂t

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∇ × ∇ ×ε( ) =∇ × −∂B∂t

⎛

⎝ ⎜

⎞

⎠ ⎟

∇ × ∇ ×ε( ) = − ∂∂t

∇ × B( )

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∂∂t

∇ × B( ) = ε0εrµ0∂2ε∂t 2

∇ × ∇ ×ε( ) = −ε0εrµ0∂2ε∂t 2

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∇ × ∇ ×ε( ) =∇ ∇⋅ε( ) −∇2ε

∇2ε= ε0εrµ0∂2ε∂t 2

EM waves

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∇2ε= ε0εrµ0∂2ε∂t 2

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c = 1ε0µ0

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v = 1εrc = c

n

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∂εx∂z

= −∂By∂t

−∂By∂z

= µ0ε0εr∂εx∂t

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εx z,t( ) =εx0 cos kz −ωt +ϕ( )By z,t( ) = By0 cos kz −ωt +ϕ( )

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c = ωk

=1ε0µ0

⎡

⎣ ⎢

⎤

⎦ ⎥

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By0 =kωεx0 =

ncεx0

Mode density for em waves in a cavity

Mode density for em waves in a cavity

Blackbody radiation

Two level atom and radiation

At equilibrium

Thermal equilibrium

Einstein’s coefficients

Einstein’s coefficients