spine outline sports med. anatomy bones of the vertebral column bones of the vertebral column 33...
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Anatomy Bones of the Vertebral Column
33 vertebrae 24 movable (true) 9 immovable (false)
Movable Cervical, thoracic, lumbar
Immovable Sacrum, coccyx
Cervical Spine
7 Vertebrae C1 Atlas
Supports head Has no body or spinous process Movements = flexion, extension, lateral movements
C2 Axis Allows rotation
Sacrum Coccyx
Fusion of 5 vertebrae in adults Sacroiliac joint
While sitting weight is transmitted through these joints
Also known as the tailbone
Intervertebral Disks
Between each of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae lies disks Each disk is composed of annulus fibrosus
and the nucleus pulposus Annulus fibrosus
Forms the periphery of the disk Composed of strong, firbrous tissue
Nucleus pulposus In the center of the annulus fibrosus Shock absorption
Ligamentous Structures Anterior longitudinal ligament Wide strong band extends the full length of the
anterior surface of vertebrae Posterior longitudinal ligament
Inside the canal and extends the full length of the posterior aspect
Supraspinous Connects spinous processes
Muscles of the Spine
Superficial Erector spinae
Extends the spine
Deep Go from vertebrae to vertebrae Extend and rotate the spine multifidus
Spinal Nerves and Peripheral Branches
31 pairs of spinal nerves Each has specific area of sensory called
dermatomes Loss of sensation = nerve damage
Nerves form a plexus
Movements of the verterbral column
Flexion Extension Right and left lateral flexion Rotation to the left and right
Preventing Injuries to the Spine
Cervical Can be life threatening Strengthening is critical Bull the neck Isometric, isotonic, isokinetic contractions
can be used Watch for spearing