spirochetes and misc bacteria

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Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria Slackers Facts by Mike Ori

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Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria. Slackers Facts by Mike Ori. Disclaimer. The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Slackers Facts by Mike Ori

Page 2: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Disclaimer

The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes.

The document can mostly be used forward and backward. I tried to mark questionable stuff with (?).

If you want it to look pretty, steal some crayons and go to town.

Finally…

If you’re a gunner, buck up and do your own work.

Page 3: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Describe the morphology and size of a spirochete

Page 4: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Spirochetes are long but very narrow spiral shaped bacterial with internal flagella that

course down the side of the bacterium essentially between the inner and outer

membrane,

Page 5: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Name the spirochete visualization technique

Page 6: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Usually best visualized with dark-field microscopy. Antibody staining can also be

used.

Page 7: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Name three medically important spirochete species

Page 8: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

TreponemaLeptospira

Borrelia

Page 9: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

What disease is associated with treponema

Page 10: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Syphilis

Page 11: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

What diseases are associated with Borrelia

Page 12: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Recurring feversLyme disease

Page 13: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

What disease is associated with Leptospira

Page 14: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Leptospirosis

Page 15: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Name the stages of syphilis

Page 16: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

PrimarySecondary

(Latent)Tertiary

Page 17: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Primary syphilis time frame

Page 18: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

3 week incubation

Page 19: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Primary syphilis sx

Page 20: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Chancre at site of infection

Page 21: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Secondary syphilis time frame

Page 22: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Develops 2-8 weeks after chancre formation. Lasts days to weeks.

Page 23: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Secondary syphilis sx

Page 24: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Macular papular rash over body surface including soles and palms.

Page 25: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Latent syphilis sx

Page 26: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Essentially none. Low infectivity.May revert to secondary syphilis with high

infectivity.

Page 27: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Tertiary syphilis time frame

Page 28: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Typically develops in 15-20 years

Page 29: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Tertiary syphilis affected systems

Page 30: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

NeurosyphilisCardiavascular syphilis

Page 31: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Neurosyphilis sx

Page 32: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Chronic meningitisBrain degeneration

Psychosis

Page 33: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Cardiavascular syphilis sx

Page 34: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Ascending and transverse aortic dilation due to endarteritis of the vasa vasorum

Page 35: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Congenital syphilis timeframe

Page 36: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Active infection after the 4th month

Page 37: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Congenital syphilis sx

Page 38: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Macular papular rash similar to secondary syphilis in adults

Bone changes (saddle nose, saber shins)

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, liver failure

Page 39: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Syphilis tests

Page 40: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

VDRL – non-treponemalFluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA)

Page 41: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Describe VDRL sensitivity and specificity

Page 42: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Sensitive but not specific as a number of other situations can increase cardiolipin antibody

levels that form the basis of the test. Always confirm positive results.

Page 43: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Syphilis rule of thirds

Page 44: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

1/3 secondary1/3 latent

1/3 chronic (~3% of original?)

Page 45: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Borrelia staining

Page 46: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Stains well with Geimsa or Wright stains

Page 47: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Borrelia recurrentis and hermsii disease characteristics

Page 48: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Up to four cycles of fever that are separated by a few days and that each last about a week.

Page 49: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Borrelia relapse basis

Page 50: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Limited antigenic variation allows immune escape

Page 51: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Relapsing fever vectors

Page 52: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Ticks and lice

Page 53: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Relapsing fever severity

Page 54: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Tick borne fatality rareLouse borne fatality more common

Page 55: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

General lice infection mechanism

Page 56: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Infected lice are crushed and then their introduced into a superficial wound.

Lice must move between hosts.

Page 57: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Etiologic agent: Bulls eye rash, arthritis, myalgia, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis

Page 58: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Borrelia burgdorferi

Page 59: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Borrelia burgdorferi cause disease common name

Page 60: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Lyme disease

Page 61: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Lyme disease lifecycle

Page 62: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Ixodes ticks feed on small animals and deer. Humans are incidental hosts.

Page 63: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Lyme disease time course

Page 64: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Erythema migrans (bulls eye rash) within first month

Secondary progression to debilitating arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and nervous system

involvement that can develop immediately or that may be delayed for years.

Page 65: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Lyme disease epidemiology

Page 66: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Outdoor people in the mid-atlantic and new england states

Page 67: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Leptospirosis vector

Page 68: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Rodents, cattle, dogs urine contaminated water

Page 69: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Leptospirosis sx

Page 70: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Flu-like with meningitis

Page 71: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Etiology: Large inflamed inguinal or axillary lymph node that is very painful that occurs

after a visit to the four corners area

Page 72: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Yersinia pestis

Page 73: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Describe pneumonic plaque

Page 74: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Pneumonic involvement of Y. pestis that causes necrotizing hemorrhagic pneumonia with a

fatality > 90%

Page 75: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Describe the potential for person to person spread of Y. pestis

Page 76: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Pneumonic involvement is highly contagious.

Page 77: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Yersinia pestis virulence factors

Page 78: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

F1 capsular antigen expressed at 37CV and W antigens are antiphagocyticIntracellular survival in macrophage

Outer membrane proteins

Page 79: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Tularemia sx

Page 80: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Similar to plague

Page 81: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Brucella sx

Page 82: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Recurrent bacteremia with fever.Infects reticuloendothelial system

Page 83: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Brucellosis epidemiology

Page 84: Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria

Occupational contact with infected animals (farmers, vets, kinky fetishers)

Unpasteurized dairy products