splash screen. chapter menu chapter introduction section 1:section 1:the western pioneers section...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Splash Screen
![Page 2: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The Western Pioneers
Section 2: The Hispanic Southwest
Section 3: Independence for Texas
Section 4: The War with Mexico
Visual Summary
![Page 3: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chapter Intro
Why Did People Migrate West?Beginning in the 1820s, Americans began moving in large numbers west across the Great Plains. They headed south to Texas and west to Oregon, Utah, and California. By 1848, the United States had taken the Southwest from Mexico and divided Oregon with Great Britain.
• Why do you think Americanswanted to move west in the 1800s?
• How do you think westwardmigration affected America’srelationship with other countriesand native peoples?
![Page 6: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chapter Intro 1
The Western Pioneers
How did the idea of Manifest Destiny influence the settlement of the West?
![Page 7: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chapter Intro 2
The Hispanic Southwest
How did American settlement of the Southwest cause tensions with Mexico?
![Page 9: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chapter Intro 4
The War with Mexico
What resulted from the annexation of Texas and the war with Mexico?
![Page 11: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Section 1-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Science and Technology Several inventions in the early 1800s helped make it possible to settle the West.
![Page 12: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Section 1-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• squatter
• overlander
Academic Vocabulary
• guarantee
• convert
![Page 13: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Section 1-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• Manifest Destiny
• Jethro Wood
• John Deere
• Cyrus McCormick
• Kit Carson
![Page 14: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A. A
B. B
Section 1-Polling Question
Would you leave home in order to start a new life in an uncharted territory?
A. Yes
B. No
A B
0%0%
![Page 15: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Section 1
Settling New Lands
Americans moved westward and established new farms in the Midwest; later settlers traveled in wagon trains to the Pacific Coast.
![Page 16: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Section 1
• In 1800, only around 387,000 white settlers lived west of the Appalachian Mountains.
• By the time the Civil War began, more Americans lived west of the Appalachians than lived in states along the Atlantic Coast.
• Many Americans believed in the concept of Manifest Destiny.
Settling New Lands (cont.)
![Page 17: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Section 1
• Congress passed the Preemption Act of 1830 that protected squatters by guaranteeing them the right to claim land before it was surveyed and the right to buy up to 160 acres at the government’s minimum price of $1.25 per acre.
Settling New Lands (cont.)
![Page 18: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Section 1
• Jethro Wood patented an iron-bladed plow in 1819.
• In 1837, John Deere engineered a plow with sharp-edged steel blades that cut cleanly through sod.
• Cyrus McCormick patented the mechanical reaper in 1834.
Settling New Lands (cont.)
![Page 19: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Section 1
• Latecomers to the Midwest set their sights on the Pacific Coast, partly because emigrants assumed that the treeless Great Plains had poor land for farming.
Settling New Lands (cont.)
• In the 1830s, American missionaries began traveling west to convert Native Americans.
![Page 20: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
Section 1
Why did Americans head west?
A. Religious reasons
B. The chance to own their own farms
C. Political reasons
D. A and B
E. B and C A B C D E
0% 0% 0%0%0%
![Page 21: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Section 1
Westward Migration
Emigrant groups followed specific trails through territory belonging to Native Americans.
![Page 22: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Section 1
• Much of the terrain from the edge of the frontier to the Pacific was difficult.
• A small number of trailblazers—mountain men like Kit Carson and Jim Bridger—made their living by trapping beaver and selling the fur to traders.
Westward Migration (cont.)
![Page 23: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Section 1
• Trails carved out by the mountain men:
− Oregon Trail
− California Trail
− Santa Fe Trail
Westward Migration (cont.)
• Once the trails became well-worn, most of the travelers—known as overlanders—found their own way with the help of guidebooks.
Overland Trails West, 1840–1860
![Page 24: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Section 1
• Early travelers feared attacks by Native Americans, but such encounters were rare.
• Native Americans often helped the emigrants.
• As the traffic west increased, Native Americans did become concerned and angry.
• The federal government negotiated the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1851 in hopes of keeping peace.
Westward Migration (cont.)
![Page 25: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Section 1
• In order to find religious freedom, several thousand Mormons forged their way along a path that became known as the Mormon Trail.
• They stopped at the Great Salt Lake in what is now Utah.
Westward Migration (cont.)
![Page 26: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
The typical trip from east to west took how many months?
A. Two
B. Four
C. Six
D. Eight
![Page 28: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Section 2-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Trade, War, and Migration Americans began to settle in the Mexican borderlands, leading to conflict with the Mexican government.
![Page 29: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Section 2-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• secularize
• mestizo
• vaqueros
Academic Vocabulary
• civil
• ultimately
![Page 30: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Section 2-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• John Sutter
• William Becknell
• Santa Fe Trail
• Tejano
![Page 31: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
A. A
B. B
Section 2-Polling Question
Do you feel that Christian missionaries should have tried to convert Native Americans?
A. Yes
B. No
A B
0%0%
![Page 32: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Section 2
Mexican Independence and the Borderlands
Far from Mexico City, the Mexican borderlands were sparsely populated; the region’s economy centered on cattle and sheep ranching.
![Page 33: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Section 2
• In 1821, after more than a decade of fighting, Mexico won its independence from Spain.
− During this struggle it neglected its northern borderlands, which were threatened on several fronts.
Mexican Independence and the Borderlands (cont.)
![Page 34: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Section 2
− The Spanish had expanded the territory of New Spain by establishing missions on the northern frontier.
− In the early 1800s, the mission system was in decline.
Mexican Independence and the Borderlands (cont.)
![Page 35: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Section 2
• In 1834, the Mexican government secularized the missions and then transferred the land to private ownership.
• Political chaos followed Mexican independence.
Mexican Independence and the Borderlands (cont.)
![Page 36: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Section 2
• The society of California was broken up into these classes:
− Rancheros
− Mestizos—some of this middle class worked as vaqueros, but many were skilled craftsmen.
− Native Americans
Mexican Independence and the Borderlands (cont.)
![Page 37: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Section 2
• As in California, Mexican independence brought little immediate change to New Mexico.
Mexican Independence and the Borderlands (cont.)
![Page 38: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Which of the following classes constituted less than 10% of California’s population but dominated the society?
A. Rancheros
B. Mestizos
C. Vaqueros
D. Native Americans
![Page 39: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Section 2
Americans Arrive in the Borderlands
Trade between the borderlands and the United States increased after Mexican independence; Americans began to settle in the Southwest.
![Page 40: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Section 2
• After Mexican independence, American influence in the borderlands increased.
• In 1839, hoping to attract more settlers, Juan Bautista Alvarado, governor of California, granted 50,000 acres in the Sacramento Valley to John Sutter.
Americans Arrive in the Borderlands (cont.)
− “Sutter’s Fort” was often the first stopping point for Americans reaching California.
![Page 41: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Section 2
• American trader, William Becknell, opened the Santa Fe Trail, which became a major trade route connecting Santa Fe with Independence, Missouri.
• Texas was a sparsely populated region where settlers faced recurring raids by the Comanche and Apache.
Americans Arrive in the Borderlands (cont.)
![Page 42: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Section 2
• Most of the 2,500 Spanish-speaking Tejanos were concentrated in San Antonio and Goliad.
• The decision to invite Americans to settle in Texas ultimately led to a revolt against Mexican rule and independence for Texas.
Americans Arrive in the Borderlands (cont.)
![Page 43: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Before the Santa Fe Trail, New Mexicans received most of their manufactured goods from which area?
A. Europe
B. The state of Chihuahua
C. The Northeastern states
D. Texas
![Page 45: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Section 3-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Culture and Beliefs Americans in Texas hoped to transplant American institutions to their new homeland.
![Page 46: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Section 3-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• empresario
• annexation
Academic Vocabulary
• convention
• reinforcement
![Page 47: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Section 3-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• National Colonization Act
• Washington-on-the-Brazos
• Antonio López de Santa Anna
• Sam Houston
• Alamo
• William B. Travis
![Page 48: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
A. A
B. B
Section 3-Polling Question
Do you feel that the United States had the right to claim Texas?
A. Yes
B. No
A B
0%0%
![Page 49: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Section 3
Opening Texas to Americans
Mexico invited Americans to settle in Texas but insisted that they adopt local customs, obey Mexican law, and convert to Catholicism.
![Page 50: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Section 3
• Unable to persuade its own citizens to settle on this frontier, Mexico decided to continue Spanish policy and allow foreigners to settle there.
Opening Texas to Americans (cont.)
American Settlement in Texas
![Page 51: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Section 3
• Between 1823 and 1825, Mexico passed three colonization laws:
− New immigrants would receive a ten-year exemption from paying taxes but were required to become Mexican citizens.
− They must abide by Mexican law.
− They must convert to Catholicism.
Opening Texas to Americans (cont.)
American Settlement in Texas
![Page 52: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Section 3
• Although some American emigrants headed to Texas on their own, most came at the encouragement of empresarios.
− Under the National Colonization Act, Mexico gave 26 empresarios large grants of Texas land.
− In exchange, the empresarios promised to fill it with a certain number of settlers.
Opening Texas to Americans (cont.)
American Settlement in Texas
![Page 53: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Section 3
• Stephen F. Austin was the most successful empresario—he founded the town Washington-on-the-Brazos.
• Americans in Texas initially accepted Mexican citizenship, but later saw no reason to obey a government they hardly considered their own.
Opening Texas to Americans (cont.)
American Settlement in Texas
![Page 54: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Section 3
• In 1830, Mexico closed its borders to further immigration by Americans, banned the import of enslaved labor, and taxed goods imported from foreign countries.
Opening Texas to Americans (cont.)
![Page 55: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Haden Edwards led a rebellion against Mexican authority by taking which action?
A. Attacking a Mexican town
B. Declaring American settlements an independent nation
C. Refusing to follow Mexico’s three colonization laws
D. Asking Stephen Austin to declare war between Mexico and the Americans
![Page 56: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Section 3
Texas Goes to War
When Mexico tried to enforce its laws, American settlers rebelled and established an independent state.
![Page 57: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Section 3
• With tensions simmering, settlers met at two conventions.
− At the first convention, settlers chose Stephen Austin to be the convention’s president.
− The convention asked Mexico to reopen Texas to American immigrants and to loosen taxes on imports.
Texas Goes to War (cont.)
History of Texas, 1819–1836
![Page 58: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Section 3
− The second convention recommended separating Texas from Coahuila and creating a new Mexican state.
• Austin met with Mexican president Antonio López de Santa Anna and tried to persuade him to agree to several demands.
Texas Goes to War (cont.)
− Shortly afterward, Santa Anna declared himself dictator.
− Austin urged Texans to organize an army.
![Page 59: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Section 3
• During the early battles, the Mexican army had serious problems and was easily defeated by Texas army.
• On March 2, 1836, Texas declared its independence from Mexico.
• Sam Houston took command of the Texas rebels.
Texas Goes to War (cont.)
The Texas War for Independence, 1835–1836
![Page 60: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Section 3
• Santa Anna organized a force of about 6,000 troops to put down the rebellion.
− Upon arriving, they found over 180 Texas rebels holed up in the Alamo.
− Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William B. Travis, the Texas rebels bought Houston’s army nearly two extra weeks to organize.
Texas Goes to War (cont.)
The Texas War for Independence, 1835–1836
![Page 61: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Section 3
• Two weeks later the Mexican army overwhelmed and defeated Texan troops led by James W. Fannin at Goliad.
• After defeating the Mexicans at the Battle of San Jacinto, Houston forced Santa Anna to order his army out of Texas and sign a treaty recognizing independence for the Republic of Texas.
Texas Goes to War (cont.)
The Texas War for Independence, 1835–1836
![Page 62: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Section 3
• The Mexican Congress refused to accept the treaty but did not launch another military campaign.
• The newly independent republic elected Sam Houston as their first president and voted in favor of annexation.
• On President Andrew Jackson’s last day of office, he signed a resolution officially recognizing Texas as an independent nation.
Texas Goes to War (cont.)
![Page 63: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Which of the following was a problem regarding the annexation of Texas?
A. Northern members of Congress were opposed to admitting Texas as a slave state.
B. President Jackson did not want to increase North-South tensions.
C. President Jackson did not want to risk war with Mexico.
D. All of the above
![Page 65: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Section 4-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Trade, War, and Migration War with Mexico brought new territories under the control of the United States.
![Page 66: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Section 4-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• envoy
• cede
Academic Vocabulary
• resolution
• secure
![Page 67: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Section 4-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• James K. Polk
• “Fifty-four Forty or Fight”
• Zachary Taylor
• John C. Frémont
• Bear Flag Republic
• Winfield Scott
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
![Page 68: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
A. A
B. B
Section 4-Polling Question
Do you agree with the idea of Manifest Destiny?
A. Yes
B. No
A B
0%0%
![Page 69: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Section 4
The Lingering Question of Texas
In 1844 James K. Polk was elected president and promised to annex Texas and Oregon and to buy California from Mexico.
![Page 70: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Section 4
• The candidates for nomination in the presidential election of 1844 were Henry Clay and James K. Polk.
− Polk promised to annex Texas and the Oregon Territory in the Northwest.
− He also vowed to buy California from Mexico.
− Polk won the election.
The Lingering Question of Texas (cont.)
The Election of 1844
![Page 71: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Section 4
• Despite British claims to the region, Polk believed that the United States should control all of Oregon below the line of 54° 40′ north latitude.
− Their rallying cry was “Fifty-four Forty or Fight.”
− Great Britain and the United States negotiated the Oregon Treaty to settle the dispute.
The Lingering Question of Texas (cont.)
![Page 72: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Section 4
• Even before Polk took office, outgoing president Tyler pushed an annexation resolution through Congress in February 1845, and Texas joined the union that year.
• Polk’s intentions in California added to the growing strife with Mexico.
• In November 1845, he sent John Slidell as a special envoy to Mexico City to try to purchase the territory.
The Lingering Question of Texas (cont.)
![Page 73: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Section 4
• Mexico’s new president, José Joaquín Herrera, refused to meet with Slidell.
The Lingering Question of Texas (cont.)
![Page 74: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Why did the Democratic party decide against Martin Van Buren as a candidate?
A. He didn’t take a stance on the annexation issue.
B. He was pro-annexation.
C. He was anti-annexation.
D. He was antislavery.
![Page 75: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Section 4
The War with Mexico
Hostilities over the southwestern boundary of Texas led to war with Mexico.
![Page 76: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Section 4
• After Herrera refused to talk to Slidell, Polk ordered troops led by General Zachary Taylor to cross the Nueces River.
• Polk waited until the Mexicans made the first move and declared that the U.S. was at war “by the act of Mexico herself.”
The War with Mexico (cont.)
The War with Mexico, 1846–1848
![Page 77: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Section 4
• Polk and his advisers developed a three-pronged strategy:
− Taylor’s troops would continue to move south, crossing the Rio Grande near the Gulf of Mexico.
− A separate force to the northwest would capture Santa Fe and then march west to take control of California with the help of the American navy.
The War with Mexico (cont.)
The War with Mexico, 1846–1848
![Page 78: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Section 4
− U.S. forces would advance on Mexico City and force Mexico to surrender.
• Almost 73,000 men volunteered to fight, although they were less than ideal soldiers.
The War with Mexico (cont.)
The War with Mexico, 1846–1848
![Page 79: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Section 4
• The first two parts of the strategy went smoothly.
The War with Mexico (cont.)
− Even before war with Mexico was officially declared, settlers in northern California led by American General John C. Frémont had begun an uprising.
− On June 14, 1846, they declared California independent and renamed the region the Bear Flag Republic.
The War with Mexico, 1846–1848
![Page 80: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Section 4
− American naval forces soon arrived and took possession of California for the U.S.
• Polk placed General Winfield Scott, a member of the Whig Party, in command of the campaign to take Mexico City.
• After vicious and bloody battles, Americans captured the capital.
The War with Mexico (cont.)
The War with Mexico, 1846–1848
![Page 81: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Section 4
• On February 2, 1848, Mexican leaders signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
• In the agreement, Mexico ceded more than 500,000 square miles of territory and accepted the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas.
• The United States now stretched from ocean to ocean.
The War with Mexico (cont.)
The War with Mexico, 1846–1848
![Page 82: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Which question would soon lead the U.S. into a bloody civil war?
A. Who should be president?
B. Should the Whig Party exist?
C. Should slavery exist?
D. Who owns Alaska?
![Page 84: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
VS 1
Causes of Western Expansion
• The idea of Manifest Destiny influences many political leaders who believe the nation is destined to expand across the continent.
• The Preemption Act of 1830 gives settlers the right to claim land.
• New technology, including plows and reapers, enables settlers to farm the Midwest.
• Lush soil and moderate climate lures settlers to Oregon Territory and northern California.
![Page 85: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
VS 2
Causes of Western Expansion
• Christian beliefs lead missionaries to head west to try to convert Native Americans.
• Trailblazers map paths across the plains and mountains, making it easier for settlers to head west safely in long wagon trains.
• Treaty of Fort Laramie limits attacks by Native Americans on settlers and wagon trains heading west.
• Religious persecution leads Mormons to migrate west to Utah, where they can practice their religion freely.
![Page 86: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
VS 3
Causes of Western Expansion
• Mission system had already brought Spanish to the Southwest in the 1600s and 1700s.
• Hispanics move to California to establish large ranches.
• Mexico lures settlers to Texas with the National Colonization Act, giving large tracts of cheap land to empresarios and granting settlers exemption from taxes for 10 years.
![Page 87: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
VS 4
Effects of Western Expansion
• Texas becomes American in culture, and Texans grow frustrated with Mexican laws, specifically the tariffs on trade with the United States, the ban on slavery, and the requirement that settlers become Catholic.
• Led by Stephen Austin and Sam Houston, Texans rebel against Mexico, declare independence, and defeat the Mexican forces led by Santa Anna.
• Americans in Texas and Oregon want to join the United States.
![Page 88: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
VS 5
Effects of Western Expansion
• The debate over Texas triggers a sectional crisis—Northerners believe the South wants Texas in order to expand slavery.
• James K. Polk campaigns, promising to get both Texas and Oregon, and wins the presidency.
• Britain and the United States agree to divide the Oregon territory.
• Congress approves the annexation of Texas.
![Page 89: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
VS 6
Effects of Western Expansion
• After fighting begins between American and Mexican forces on the Texas border, the United States declares war and invades Mexico.
• In the peace treaty, Mexico cedes much of its northern territory to the United States, including California and the American Southwest.
![Page 91: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Figure 1
![Page 92: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Figure 2
![Page 93: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Figure 3a
![Page 94: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Figure 3b
![Page 95: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Figure 4
![Page 96: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Figure 5
![Page 97: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Figure 6
![Page 98: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Chapter Trans Menu
Chapter Transparencies Menu
Why It Matters
Cause-and-Effect Transparency
Unit Time Line Transparency
Select a transparency to view.
![Page 99: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Why It Matters Trans
![Page 100: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
C & E Trans
![Page 101: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Unit Timelines Trans
![Page 102: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
DFS Trans 1
![Page 103: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
DFS Trans 2
![Page 104: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
DFS Trans 3
![Page 105: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
DFS Trans 4
![Page 106: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Vocab1
squatter
someone who settles on public land under government regulation with the hopes of acquiring the title to the land
![Page 107: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Vocab2
overlander
someone who travels overland to the West
![Page 108: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Vocab3
guarantee
a statement of assurance
![Page 109: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Vocab4
convert
to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another
![Page 110: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Vocab5
secularize
to transfer the use, possession, or control of something from church to civil authority
![Page 111: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Vocab6
mestizo
a person of mixed blood or ancestry
![Page 112: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Vocab7
vaqueros
men who herded cattle on haciendas
![Page 113: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Vocab8
civil
of or relating to citizens
![Page 114: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Vocab9
ultimately
in the end, finally, or eventually
![Page 115: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Vocab10
empresario
a person who arranged for the settlement of Texas in the 1800s
![Page 116: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Vocab11
annexation
incorporating a territory within the domain of a country
![Page 117: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Vocab12
convention
an assembly of persons met for a common purpose
![Page 118: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Vocab13
reinforcement
to strengthen by additional assistance, material, or support
![Page 119: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Vocab14
envoy
a person delegated to represent one country to another
![Page 120: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Vocab15
cede
to give up by treaty
![Page 121: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Vocab16
resolution
a formal expression of opinion, will, or intent voted by an official body or assembly
![Page 122: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Vocab17
secure
free from risk of loss
![Page 123: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Help
Click the Forward button to go to the next slide.
Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide.
Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu.
Click the Transparency button from the Chapter Menu, Chapter Introduction, or Visual Summary slides to access the transparencies that are relevant to this chapter. From within a section, click on this button to access the relevant Daily Focus Skills Transparency.
Click the Return button in a feature to return to the main presentation.
Click the History Online button to access online textbook features.
Click the Reference Atlas button to access the Interactive Reference Atlas.
Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the chapter slide show.
Click the Help button to access this screen.
Links to Presentation Plus! features such as Maps in Motion, Graphs in Motion, Charts in Motion, Concepts in Motion, and figures from your textbook are located at the bottom of relevant screens.
To use this Presentation Plus! product:
![Page 124: Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Western Pioneers Section 2:Section 2:The Hispanic Southwest Section 3:Section](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d835503460f94a68afe/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
End of Custom Shows
This slide is intentionally blank.