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TRANSCRIPT
Splash Screen
Chapter Menu
Introduction
Section 1: The Economy
Section 2:People and Their Environment
Summary
Chapter Intro 1
Geography and the environment play an important role in how a society is shaped over time. The physical geography of the United States and Canada has shaped economic activities, which in turn have impacted the region’s environment.
Chapter Intro 2
Section 1: The Economy
How have the economies of the United States and Canada grown and changed according to where and how people live?
Chapter Intro 3
Section 2: People and Their Environment
How have human actions modified the environment in the United States and Canada?
Section 1-GTR
The Economy
How have the economies of the United States and Canada grown and changed according to where and how people live?
Section 1-GTR
• market economy
The Economy
• arable
• monopoly
• global economy
• trade deficit
• tariff
• trade surplus
• outsourcing
• postindustrial
• central business district
• retooling
• commodity
Section 1-GTR
A. Silicon Valley
The Economy
B. Manufacturing Belt
C. Wheat Belt
D. Corn Belt
E. Ohio River
F. Trans-Canada Highway
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 1
The United States and Canada operate under what type of economy?
A. Command economy
B. Market economy
C. Traditional economy
The Economy
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Section 1
The United States and Canada have market economies based on growing service and high-tech industries, as well as on manufacturing and agriculture.
Economic Activities
• Both the U.S. and Canada are developing post-industrial economies.
• The largest area of economic growth in both places is in service industries:
Section 1
• Manufacturing accounts for about 20% of both the U.S. and Canadian economies.
Economic Activities (cont.)
– Government
– Education
– Health care
– Banking
The Changing U.S. Workplace
Section 1
Economic Activities (cont.)
• Farming in the U.S. and Canada is overwhelmingly commercial, with agricultural commodities produced for sale.
• The number of farmers has decreased due to:
– The high cost of farming
– Unpredictable consumer demand
– The risk of natural disasters
– The time and hard work needed to run a farm
Section 1
Economic Activities (cont.)
• Key products:
– Cattle
– Wheat
– Corn
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
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A significant amount of the region’s manufacturing activities include which type of products?
A. Transportation equipment and machinery
B. Computers and other technological devices
C. Building materials
D. Tools and hardware
Section 1
People in the United States and Canada depend on reliable and continually improving transportation and communications systems.
Transportation and Communications
• Reliable transportation and communication systems are essential due to:
– The large land area of both countries
– Their population distribution
– Their need to move goods and services
Section 1
Transportation and Communications (cont.)
• The automobile has been the most popular means of personal transportation since WWII.
• Problems due to the automobile:
– Air pollution
– Traffic congestion
The U.S. Interstate Highway System
Section 1
Transportation and Communications (cont.)
– Air travel
– Railroads
– Ships/barges (inland waterways)
– Trucks
– Pipelines (gas and oil)
• Other means of transportation:
Section 1
Transportation and Communications (cont.)
– Cellular and digital services
– Television
– Radio
– Newspapers and magazines
• Communication networks:
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
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Which type of transportation is used to move the most goods?
A. Railroads
B. Ships/barges
C. Trucks
D. Airplanes
Section 1
The United States and Canada are connected to other countries through trade and in facing the challenges of global terrorism and building a more peaceful world.
Trade and Interdependence
• The U.S. spends more on imports than it earns from exports, resulting in a trade deficit. However, Canada enjoys a trade surplus.
Section 1
Trade and Interdependence (cont.)
• In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement was signed (NAFTA), including the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
• After September 11, 2001, the U.S. and Canada created the Smart Border action plan to enhance border security.
U.S.- Canadian Interdependence
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
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Why does Canada have a trade surplus instead of deficit?
A. Better government management
B. Less tariffs
C. Smaller population
D. Outsourcing
Section 2-GTR
People and Their Environment
How have human actions modified the environment in the United States and Canada?
Section 2-GTR
• clear-cutting
People and Their Environment
• smog
• eutrophication
• conversion
• overfishing
• acid rain
• cooperative
Section 2-GTR
A. New Orleans
People and Their Environment
B. Rio Grande
C. Alaska
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 2
Large parts of eastern Canada still suffer from the effects of what brought on by the United States?
A. Smog
B. Acid rain
C. Eutrophication
People and Their Environment
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Section 2
People in the United States and Canada are evaluating the negative effects of human activity on the environment and realizing the importance of managing natural resources wisely.
Managing Resources
• Ways that the natural resources of the U.S. and Canada have been mismanaged:
– Clear-cutting
– Overfishing
Section 2
Managing Resources (cont.)
– Hunting and driving away wildlife
– The introduction of non-native plant and animal species to certain areas
– Destruction of wetlands
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 2
What environmental issue are you most concerned about?
A. Polluted air
B. Polluted water
C. Polluted land
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Section 2
Human-made pollution has damaged the region’s environment in various ways, leading people to actively seek solutions to the problem.
Human Impact
• Human-made pollution:
– Acid rain
– Smog
– Sewage and industrial/agricultural wastes leaking into water
Section 2
Human Impact (cont.)
• Reversing the effects of pollution:
– The U.S. and Canada signed the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
– The U.S. passed the Clean Water Act
Energy Benefits and Drawbacks
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 2
Are there any ways that your community tries to reduce pollution?
A. City ordinances or fines
B. Alternative energies encouraged
C. Construction of greenhomes or businesses 0% 0%0%
Section 2
Responding to global warming and developing clean, efficient, renewable energy sources are challenges for the future of the region.
Future Challenges
• The effects of global warming can be seen in the Arctic regions of Alaska and Canada.
• The U.S. and Canada are working to diversify energy sources to lessen the dependency on fossil fuels.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
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Which of the following factors do you think is most important when deciding on alternative energy sources?
A. Dependability
B. Efficiency
C. Cost
D. Availability
VS 2
Environmental Crisis?
• The United States and Canada have mismanaged resources in the past.
• Pollutants were released into the air that have since caused acid rain, smog, and water pollution.
• New technologies, alternative energy sources, and stricter environmental standards are some of the ways the United States and Canada are repairing the environment.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
DFS Trans 1
DFS Trans 2
sulfur dioxide gas and water vapor
Vocab1
market economy
an economic system based on free enterprise, in which businesses are privately owned, and production and prices are determined by supply and demand
Vocab2
postindustrial
an economy with less emphasis on heavy industry and manufacturing and more emphasis on services and technology
Vocab3
central business district
the traditional business and commercial center of a city or town, sometimes referred to as downtown
Vocab4
retooling
converting old factories for use in new industries
Vocab5
commodity
goods produced for sale
Vocab6
arable
suitable for growing crops
Vocab7
monopoly
total control of a type of industry by one person or one company
Vocab8
global economy
the merging of resource management systems in which countries are interconnected and dependent on one another for goods and services
Vocab9
trade deficits
spending more money on imports than earning from exports
Vocab10
tariff
a tax on imports or exports
Vocab11
trade surplus
earning more money from export sales than spending for imports
Vocab12
outsourcing
the practice of subcontracting manufacturing work to outside companies, especially foreign or nonunion companies
Vocab13
clear-cutting
the removal of all trees in a stand of timber
Vocab14
overfishing
harvesting fish to the extent that certain species are depleted and the fishing area made less valuable
Vocab15
acid rain
precipitation carrying large amounts of dissolved acids which damages buildings, forests, and crops, and kills wildlife
Vocab16
smog
haze caused by the interaction of ultraviolet solar radiation with chemical fumes from automobile exhausts and other pollution sources
Vocab17
eutrophication
process by which a body of water becomes too rich in dissolved nutrients, leading to plant growth that depletes oxygen
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