splitter family for gpon ftth network

TSS_Splitter_Booklet_1220609_Ed02

Splitter Family

For

GPON FTTH Network

All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorisation from Draka.

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Draka FTTH Solutions Draka Communications is an European leader for any kind of FTTH solutions for the passive optical layer. Draka Communications has developed over the past years a wide range of innovative network concepts and products to deliver sophisticated fiber cable solutions to the end user. Network operators are supported to maximise their revenues and save operation costs. Draka Communications follows its basic strategy and principles in this developing process. One of the key components for GPON FTTH networks is the splitter as depicted in the figure below.

There may be one splitter or several cascaded splitters in an FTTH PON, depending on the network topology. The splitters can be placed in the Central Office, in one of the distribution points (outdoor or indoor). Splitter Portfolio Draka Communications provides a selection of cost effective and high quality splitter devices that enable high performance solutions for Point to Multipoint network. The present document shows only a part of the different splitter that Draka is ready to offer. To meet customer needs Draka Communications is able to offer other kind of preconnectorized solutions. For significant volume we can offer customized splitters with colour that fits perfectly with the colour code used in the optical cables of the operator network. BendBright®

XS One key parameter is the fiber used in the component itself: Draka BendBright®XS fiber (G.657B) has a very good performance versus bending, but at the same time a perfect compatibility with standard single mode fiber (SMF), thanks to its mode field diameter which is very close from SMF. Draka Communications is very please to offer a fiber that presents such benefits.


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Splitter Technology The splitter is a bidirectional broadband optical component that has generally one or two input ports and multiple output ports (up to 64). The input (downstream) optical signal is divided among the output ports, allowing multiple subscriber to share a single optical fiber and consequently to share the available bandwidth of that fiber. In the upstream direction, optical signals from a number of ONTs are combined into a single fiber. Splitters are passive devices that do not need power or cooling. They only add loss, mostly due to the fact that they divide the input power. It should be noted that the splitter adds approximately the same loss for light travelling in the upstream direction as it does for downstream direction. There are several technologies to produce the splitters, like Fused Biconic Tapered (FBT) splitters. Another family of splitters is based on integrated optics splitting devices based on Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) - Typically used for high split counts output ports. For FBT technology, fibers are heated (by a flame, for instance) and are simultaneously pulled (elongation). The softened parts are formed into a tapered shape. In the tapered part, the distance between cores in fibers becomes close and coupling takes place between the cores. The amount of light coupled varies with the core-to-core proximity and the interaction length.


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To make component that has accurate coupling ratios, optical power is launched into a fiber and the output power from a fiber is monitored during the heating and pulling process. Although a 1x2 FBT splitter is common, devices with other coupling ratios are also made, by arranging 1x2’s in a binary tree. Generally speaking, the drawback of FBT is their non-compactness when they are used for a large number of output ports by being cascaded. FBT Coupler Features:

Low insertion loss Low polarization dependent loss High return loss Environmentally stable

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PLC are made using tools and processes from the semi-conductor industry and are based on optical waveguide chip. They are made by lithographing silica waveguides on substrates. Optical waveguides are formed on a substrate by a combination of photolithography and etching.

PLC splitter modules have one or two input ports and multiple output ports (N) for the uniform division of an optical signal. The planar waveguide devices feature a compact package (compact management in closures and splice trays) and stable optical parameters, making them suitable for Telecommunications applications. Here is where the PLC technology has a significant advantage; their small physical size has made it possible to place them anywhere in the GPON network. PLC Splitter Features:

Low insertion loss, PDL, Back Reflection Good uniformity Compact package

How can we help you build your network?


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Ordering information

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Splitter Ordering Information For more information on our standard splitter product or any specific request, please contact your local Draka account manager. Product Naming

SPT - - - - - X - - - - -

Wavelength range Fiber type Number of IN ports Pigtail type Connector of IN ports Jumper identificationF : Full 2D : G652D 1 : 1 input port 0 : 250µm bare fiber 000 : None S : StandardX : Customized 7B : G.657B 2 : 2 input ports 1 : 900µm loose tube SCU : SC/UPC X : Customized

XX : Customized 2 : 2mm LSZH jacket SCA : SC/APCLCU : LC/UPC

Technology Splitter per chip Number of OUT ports Housing LCA : LC/APCFBT : Fusion type 1 : 1 splitter 002 : 2 output ports S : Standard XXX : CustomizedPLC : Planar type 6 : 6 splitters 004 : 4 output ports R : For 19" rack

X : Customized 008 : 8 output ports C: Compact Connector of OUT ports016 : 16 output ports M: Rack module 000 : None032 : 32 output ports X : Customized SCU : SC/UPC 064 : 64 output ports SCA : SC/APCXXX : Customized LCU : LC/UPC

LCA : LC/APCXXX : Customized

Standard Product List

FBT splitters

Product Data Sheet Reference

SPT-F-FBT-2D-1-1x002-0-S-000-000-S Std-Splitter-FBT-1xN-2D.1e




SPT-F-FBT-2D-1-1x002-2-S-SCA-SCA-S Std-Splitter-FBT-1xN-2D-SCASCA.1e





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PLC splitters Product Data Sheet Reference

SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x002-0-S-000-000-S Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-2D-1e

SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x004-0-S-000-000-S Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-2D-1e.





SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1x002-0-S-000-000-S Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-1e
















SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x002-1-S-SCA-SCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-2D-SCASCA-1e





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SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x002-1-S-SCU-SCU-S Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-2D-SCUSCU-1e












SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x002-1-S-LCA-LCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-2D-LCALCA-1e








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SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1x002-1-S-SCA-SCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-SCASCA-1e












SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1x002-1-S-SCU-SCU-S Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-SCUSCU-1e












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SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-2x004-1-S-LCU-LCU-S Std-Splitter-PLC-2xN-2D-LCULCU-1e








SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1x002-1-C-SCA-SCA-S Std-Compact-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-SCASCA-1e



SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1x016-1-C-SCA-SCA-S Std-Compact-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-SCASCA-1e SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1x032-1-C-SCA-SCA-S Std-Compact-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-SCASCA-1e

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Innovative splitters


SPT-F-PLC-2D-6-1x002-0-S-000-000-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(1x2)-2D-1e

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-0-S-000-000-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(1x2)-7B-1e

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-1-S-SCA-SCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(1x2)-7B-SCASCA-1e

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-2-S-SCA-SCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(1x2)-7B-SCASCA-1e

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-1-S-LCA-LCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(1x2)-7B-LCALCA-1e

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-2-S-LCA-LCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(1x2)-7B-LCALCA-1e

SPT-F-PLC-2D-6-2x002-0-S-000-000-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(2x2)-2D-1e

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-0-S-000-000-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(2x2)-7B-1e

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-1-S-SCA-SCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(2x2)-7B-SCASCA

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-2-S-SCA-SCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(2x2)-7B-SCASCA

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-1-S-LCA-LCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(2x2)-7B-LCALCA

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-2-S-LCA-LCA-S Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(2x2)-7B-LCALCA

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19” rack mountable modules


SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x002-1-M-LCA-LCA-S 19inch 1U Splitter Module-PLC-1xN-2D-LCAPC-1e




SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x002-1-M-LCU-LCU-S 19inch 1U Splitter Module-PLC-1xN-2D-LCUPC-1e




SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x032-1-R-LCA-LCA-S 19inch 1U Splitter Shelf-PLC-1xN-2D-LCAPC-1e

SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x064-1-R-LCA-LCA-S 19inch 1U Splitter Shelf-PLC-1xN-2D-LCAPC-1e

SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x032-1-R-LCU-LCU-S 19inch 1U Splitter Shelf-PLC-1xN-2D-LCUPC-1e

SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1x064-1-R-LCU-LCU-S 19inch 1U Splitter Shelf-PLC-1xN-2D-LCUPC-1e

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FBT splitters

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Std-Splitter-FBT-1xN-2D-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter FBT 1xN (N=002 to 004) SPT-F-FBT-2D-1-1xN-0-S-000-000-S

Drawing (indicative)

L

Main characteristics 1xN FBT bare fiber splitter

Type 1xN FBT 1x2 1x4 Operating wavelength range (nm) 1260 ~ 1360

1450 ~ 1640

Insertion loss (dB) w/o TDL Typical Max *1

3.4 3.6

7.0 7.4

Insertion loss (dB) w/ TDL Typical Max *2

3.6 3.8

7.2 7.6

PDL (dB) Max 0.2 0.3 Uniformity (dB) Max 0.7 1.7 PMD (ps) Max 0.1 Return loss (dB) Min 55 Directivity (dB) Min 55 Operating temperature (°C) -40 to +85

Storage temperature (°C) -40 to +85

Dimensions (mm) (OD)x(L) 3 * 54 WDL(dB) Max 0.7 1.2 Fibre type G652D Fibre length (m) 2.5m with 250µm fiber

*1 : Including PDL, WDL *2 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component) Fibre identification

In Port Out Port 1 2 3 4 Clear Red Blue Green Yellow

Specifications may be changed at any time without notice. All sizes and values without tolerances are reference values. Specifications are for product as supplied by Draka: any modification or alteration afterwards of product may give different result Not to be reproduced or communicated without prior Draka agreement. Page 1 of 1

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Std-Splitter-FBT-1xN-2D-SCASCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter FBT 1xN (N=002 to 004) SPT-F-FBT-2D-1-1xN-2-S-SCA-SCA-S


Main characteristics Preconnectorized 1xN FBT

Type 1xN 1x2 1x4 Operating wavelength range (nm) 1260 ~ 1360

1450 ~ 1640


3.7 4.0

7.3 8.0


4.0 4.6

7.8 8.4



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 90*14*8.5 WDL(dB) Max 0.7 1.2 Fibre type G652D Jumper length (m) 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket Connectors type SC/APC

*1 : Including PDL, WDL *2 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component)

Jumper identification

Out Port Numbering 1 to N


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Std-Splitter-FBT-2xN-2D-1e.doc 2009-09-18

Splitter FBT 2xN (N=002 to 004) SPT-F-FBT-2D-1-2xN-0-S-000-000-S


L

Main characteristics 2xN FBT bare fiber splitter

Type 2xN FBT 2x2 2x4 Operating wavelength range (nm) 1260 ~ 1360

1450 ~ 1640


3.4 3.6

7.0 7.4


3.6 3.8

7.2 7.6



Dimensions (mm) (OD)x(L) 3 * 54 WDL(dB) Max 0.7 1.2 Fibre type G652D Fibre length (m) 2.5m with 250µm fiber


In Port Out Port 1 2 1 2 3 4

Clear + 1 red marker per 300mm

Clear + 1 Blue marker per 300mm Red Blue Green Yellow


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Std-Splitter-FBT-2xN-2D-SCASCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter FBT 2xN (N=002 to 004) SPT-F-FBT-2D-1-2xN-2-S-SCA-SCA-S


Main characteristics Preconnectorized 2xN FBT

Type 2xN 2x2 2x4 Operating wavelength range (nm) 1260 ~ 1360

1450 ~ 1640


3.7 4.0

7.3 8.0


4.0 4.6

7.8 8.4



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 90*14*8.5 WDL(dB) Max 0.7 1.2 Fibre type G652D Jumper length (m) 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket Connectors type SC/APC



In Port, Out Port Numbering In 1 and In 2 1 to N


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PLC splitters

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Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-2D-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter PLC 1xN (N=002 to 064) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-0-S-000-000-S


L H

W

Main characteristics 1xN PLC bare fiber splitter

Type 1xN 1x2 1x4 1x8 1x16 1x32 1x64

Operating wavelength range (nm) 1260 ~ 1650


3.6 3.8

7.0 7.4

10.0 10.7

13.5 13.7

16.5 16.9

19.5 21.6


4.0 4.1

7.6 7.7

10.7 11.2

13.8 14.2

16.9 17.4

20.5 22.1

PDL (dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 Uniformity (dB) Max 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.7 2.5 PMD (ps) Max 0.1 Return loss (dB) Min 55 Directivity (dB) Min 55 Operating temperature (°C) -40 to +85


Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 40*4*4 50*7*4 60*12*4 WDL(dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 Fibre type Draka G652D Fibre length (m) 2.5m with 250µm fiber


Fibre identification

In Port Out Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Red Colour tape (if N>8) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Blue Colour tape 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Green Colour tape 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Yellow Colour tape 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Red Colour tape x 2 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Blue Colour tape x2 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Green Colour tape x 2

1

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Yellow Colour tape x 2 CLEAR Red Blue Green Yellow Purple White Orange Grey


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Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-2D-LCALCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter PLC 1xN (N=002 to 064) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-1or2-S-LCA-LCA-S


Main characteristics Preconnectorized 1xN PLC

Type 1xN 1x2 1x4 1x8 1x16 1x32 1x64 Operating wavelength range (nm) 1260 ~ 1650


3.9 4.4

7.3 8.0

10.3 11.3

13.8 14.3

17.0 17.5

20.65 22.2


4.6 4.9

7.8 8.5

11.2 11.8

14.0 14.8

17.5 18.0

21.5 22.7



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 100*80*9 120x80x18 140x114x18 WDL(dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 Fibre type Draka G652D

Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-1-S-LCA-LCA-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-2-S-LCA-LCA-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket

Connectors type LC/APC *1 : Including PDL, WDL *2 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component)




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Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-2D-SCASCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter PLC 1xN (N=002 to 064) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-1or2-S-SCA-SCA-S





3.9 4.4

7.3 8.0

10.3 11.3

13.8 14.3

17.0 17.5

20.65 22.2


4.6 4.9

7.8 8.5

11.2 11.8

14.0 14.8

17.5 18.0

21.5 22.7




Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-1-S-SCA-SCA-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-2-S-SCA-SCA-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket

Connectors type SC/APC *1 : Including PDL, WDL *2 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component)




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Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-2D-SCUSCU-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter PLC 1xN (N=002 to 064) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-1or2-S-SCU-SCU-S





3.9 4.4

7.3 8.0

10.3 11.3

13.8 14.3

17.0 17.5

20.65 22.2


4.6 4.9

7.8 8.5

11.2 11.8

14.0 14.8

17.5 18.0

21.5 22.7




Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-1-S-SCU-SCU-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-2-S-SCU-SCU-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket

Connectors type SC/UPC *1 : Including PDL, WDL *2 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component)




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Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter PLC 1xN (N=002 to 064) with BendBright®XS

SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-0-S-000-000-S Drawing (indicative)

L H

W


Type 1xN 1x2 1x4 1x8 1x16 1x32 1x64



3.6 3.8

7.0 7.4

10.0 10.7

13.5 13.7

16.5 16.9

19.5 21.6


4.0 4.1

7.6 7.7

10.7 11.2

13.8 14.2

16.9 17.4

20.5 22.1



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 40*4*4 50*7*4 60*12*4 WDL(dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 Fibre type Draka G657A+B Fibre length (m) 2.5m with 250µm fiber



In Port Out Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Red Colour tape (if N>8) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Blue Colour tape 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Green Colour tape 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Yellow Colour tape 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Red Colour tape x 2 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Blue Colour tape x2 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Green Colour tape x 2

1

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Yellow Colour tape x 2 CLEAR Red Blue Green Yellow Purple White Orange Grey


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Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-LCALCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04


SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-1or2-S-LCA-LCA-S Drawing (indicative)




3.9 4.4

7.3 8.0

10.3 11.3

13.8 14.3

17.0 17.5

20.65 22.2


4.6 4.9

7.8 8.5

11.2 11.8

14.0 14.8

17.5 18.0

21.5 22.7



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 100*26*9.7 115x30x14.5 125x37x19.5 WDL(dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 Fibre type Draka G657A+B

Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-1-S-LCA-LCA-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-2-S-LCA-LCA-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket





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Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-SCASCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04


SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-1or2-S-SCA-SCA-S Drawing (indicative)


Type 1xN 1x2 1x4 1x8 1x16 1x32 1x64



3.9 4.4

7.3 8.0

10.3 11.3

13.8 14.3

17.0 17.5

20.65 22.2


4.6 4.9

7.8 8.5

11.2 11.8

14.0 14.8

17.5 18.0

21.5 22.7




Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-1-S-SCA-SCA-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-2-S-SCA-SCA-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket





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Std-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-SCUSCU-1e.doc 2009-09-04


SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-1or2-S-SCU-SCU-S Drawing (indicative)


Type 1xN 1x2 1x4 1x8 1x16 1x32 1x64



3.9 4.4

7.3 8.0

10.3 11.3

13.8 14.3

17.0 17.5

20.65 22.2


4.6 4.9

7.8 8.5

11.2 11.8

14.0 14.8

17.5 18.0

21.5 22.7




Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-1-S-SCU-SCU-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-2-S-SCU-SCU-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket

Connectors type SC/UPC *1 : Including PDL, WDL *2 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component)




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Std-Splitter-PLC-2xN-2D-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter PLC 2xN (N=002 to 032) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-2xN-0-S-000-000-S


L H

W


Type 2xN 2x2 2x4 2x8 2x16 2x32



3.8 4.3

7.5 7.8

11.0 11.4

14.5 14.9

17.8 18.6


4.2 4.6

7.8 8.1

11.5 11.9

14.9 15.4

18.2 19.1

PDL (dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 Uniformity (dB) Max 1.2 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 PMD (ps) Max 0.1 Return loss (dB) Min 55 Directivity (dB) Min 55 Operating temperature (°C) -40 to +85


Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 40*4*4 50*4*4 60*7*4 WDL(dB) Max 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Fibre type Draka G652D Fibre length (m) 2.5m with 250µm fiber


In Port Out Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Red Colour tape (if N>8) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Blue Colour tape 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Green Colour tape 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Yellow Colour tape

Port 1 : CLEAR + 1 Red marker

per 300mm Port 2 : CLEAR + 1 Blue marker

per 300mm Red Blue Green Yellow Purple White orange Grey


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Std-Splitter-PLC-2xN-2D-LCULCU-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter PLC 2xN (N=004 to 032) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-2xN-1or2-S-LCU-LCU-S



Type 2xN 2x4 2x8 2x16 2x32



7.8 8.4

11.15 12.0

14.65 15.5

17.95 19.2


8.1 8.9

11.65 12.5

15.05 16

18.5 19.7

PDL (dB) Max 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 Uniformity (dB) Max 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.8 PMD (ps) Max 0.1 Return loss (dB) Min 50 Directivity (dB) Min 55 Operating temperature (°C) -30 to +70


Dimensions (mm) LxWxH LxWxH 100*80*9 120x80x18 140x114x18 WDL(dB) Max 1.0 Fibre type Draka G652D

Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-2xN-1-S-LCU-LCU-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-2xN-2-S-LCU-LCU-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket

Connectors type LC/UPC *1 : Including PDL, WDL *2 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component) Jumper identification

In Port, Out Port

Numbering In 1 and In 2 1 to N


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Std-Splitter-PLC-2xN-7B-1e.doc 2009-09-04


SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-2xN-0-S-000-000-S Drawing (indicative)

L H

W


Type 2xN 2x2 2x4 2x8 2x16 2x32



3.8 4.3

7.5 7.8

11.0 11.4

14.5 14.9

17.8 18.6


4.2 4.6

7.8 8.1

11.5 11.9

14.9 15.4

18.2 19.1



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 40*4*4 50*4*4 60*7*4 WDL(dB) Max 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Fibre type Draka G657A+B Fibre length (m) 2.5m with 250µm fiber


In Port Out Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Red Colour tape (if N>8) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Blue Colour tape 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Green Colour tape 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Yellow Colour tape

Port 1 : CLEAR + 1 Red marker

per 300mm Port 2 : CLEAR + 1 Blue marker

per 300mm Red Blue Green Yellow Purple White orange Grey


30/60

Std-Compact-Splitter-PLC-1xN-7B-SCASCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Compact PLC 1xN (N=002 to 032) BendBright®XS

SPT-F-PLC-7B-1-1xN-1-C-SCA-SCA-S Drawing (indicative)

Main characteristics Compact preconnectorized 1xN PLC

Type 1xN 1x2 1x4 1x8 1x16 1x32 Operating wavelength range (nm) 1260 ~ 1650


3.9 4.4

7.3 8.0

10.3 11.3

13.8 14.3

17.0 17.5


4.6 4.9

7.8 8.5

11.2 11.8

14.0 14.8

17.5 18.0



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 60*7*4 60*12*5 80*20*6 WDL(dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 Fibre type Draka G657A+B Jumper length (m) 1.0m with 0,9mm cable Connectors type SC/APC





31/60


Innovative splitters

32/60

Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(1x2)-2D-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter PLC 6x(1x2) SPT-F-PLC-2D-6-1x002-0-S-000-000-S


Main characteristics 6x(1x2) PLC bare fiber splitter

Type 6x(1xN) 6x(1x2)



3.7 4.1


4.1 4.6

PDL (dB) Max 0.2 Uniformity (dB) Max 0.6 PMD (ps) Max 0.1 Return loss (dB) Min 55 Directivity (dB) Min 55 Operating temperature (°C) -40 to +85


Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 40*4*4 WDL(dB) Max 0.6 Fibre type Draka G652D Fibre length (m) 2.5m with 250µm fiber



In Port Out Port 1 1 2

1x2 splitter 1 Red Red Red 1x2 splitter 2 Blue Blue Blue 1x2 splitter 3 Green Green Green 1x2 splitter 4 Yellow Yellow Yellow 1x2 splitter 5 Purple Purple Purple 1x2 splitter 6 White White White

No markers 1 black marker per 300mm

2 black markers per 300mm


33/60

Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(1x2)-7B-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter PLC 6x(1x2) with BendBright®XS

SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-0-S-000-000-S Drawing (indicative)





3.7 4.1


4.1 4.6



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 40*4*4 WDL(dB) Max 0.6 Fibre type Draka G657A+B Fibre length (m) 2.5m with 250µm fiber



In Port Out Port 1 1 2

1x2 splitter 1 Red Red Red 1x2 splitter 2 Blue Blue Blue 1x2 splitter 3 Green Green Green 1x2 splitter 4 Yellow Yellow Yellow 1x2 splitter 5 Purple Purple Purple 1x2 splitter 6 White White White

No markers 1 black marker per 300mm



34/60

Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(1x2)-7B-LCALCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04


SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-1or2-S-LCA-LCA-S Drawing (indicative)

Main characteristics Preconnectorized 6x(1x2) PLC




3.9 4.7


4.5 5.2



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 115*30*14.5 WDL(dB) Max 0.6 Fibre type Draka G657A+B

Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-1-S-LCA-LCA-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-2-S-LCA-LCA-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket



In Port Out Port Numbering 1 1 2 1x2 splitter 1 1 1-1 1-2 1x2 splitter 2 2 2-1 2-2 1x2 splitter 3 3 3-1 3-2 1x2 splitter 4 4 4-1 4-2 1x2 splitter 5 5 5-1 5-2 1x2 splitter 6 6 6-1 6-2


35/60

Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(1x2)-7B-SCASCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04


SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-1or2-S-SCA-SCA-S Drawing (indicative)





3.9 4.7


4.5 5.2




Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-1-S-SCA-SCA-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-1x002-2-S-SCA-SCA-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket



In Port Out Port Numbering 1 1 2 1x2 splitter 1 1 1-1 1-2 1x2 splitter 2 2 2-1 2-2 1x2 splitter 3 3 3-1 3-2 1x2 splitter 4 4 4-1 4-2 1x2 splitter 5 5 5-1 5-2 1x2 splitter 6 6 6-1 6-2


36/60

Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(2x2)-2D-1e.doc 2009-09-04

Splitter PLC 6x(2x2) SPT-F-PLC-2D-6-2x002-0-S-000-000-S






3.8 4.3


4.3 4.8



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 40*4*4 WDL(dB) Max 0.6 Fibre type Draka G652D Fibre length (m) 2.5m with 250µm fiber



In Port Out Port 1 2 1 2

2x2 splitter 1 Red Red Red Red 2x2 splitter 2 Blue Blue Blue Blue 2x2 splitter 3 Green Green Green Green 2x2 splitter 4 Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow 2x2 splitter 5 Purple Purple Purple Purple 2x2 splitter 6 White White White White

Red Colour tape Blue Colour tape 1 black marker per 300mm



37/60

Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(2x2)-7B-1e.doc 2009-09-04


SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-0-S-000-000-S Drawing (indicative)





3.8 4.3


4.3 4.8



Dimensions (mm) LxWxH 40*4*4 WDL(dB) Max 0.6 Fibre type Draka G657A+B Fibre length (m) 2.5m with 250µm fiber



In Port Out Port 1 2 1 2

2x2 splitter 1 Red Red Red Red 2x2 splitter 2 Blue Blue Blue Blue 2x2 splitter 3 Green Green Green Green 2x2 splitter 4 Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow 2x2 splitter 5 Purple Purple Purple Purple 2x2 splitter 6 White White White White

Red Colour tape Blue Colour tape 1 black marker per 300mm



38/60

Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(2x2)-7B-LCALCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04


SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-1or2-S-LCA-LCA-S



Type 6x(2xN) 6x(2x2) Operating wavelength range (nm) 1260 ~ 1650


4.0 4.9


4.7 5.4




Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-1-S-LCA-LCA-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-2-S-LCA-LCA-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket



In Port Out Port Numbering 1 2 1 2 2x2 splitter 1 IN1-1 IN1-2 1-1 1-2 2x2 splitter 2 IN2-1 IN2-2 2-1 2-2 2x2 splitter 3 IN3-1 IN3-2 3-1 3-2 2x2 splitter 4 IN4-1 IN4-2 4-1 4-2 2x2 splitter 5 IN5-1 IN5-2 5-1 5-2 2x2 splitter 6 IN6-1 IN6-2 6-1 6-2


39/60

Std-Splitter-PLC-6x(2x2)-7B-SCASCA-1e.doc 2009-09-04


SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-1or2-S-SCA-SCA-S



Type 6x(2xN) 6x(2x2) Operating wavelength range (nm) 1260 ~ 1650


4.0 4.9


4.7 5.4




Jumper length (m) SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-1-S-SCA-SCA-S: 1.0m with 0,9mm cable SPT-F-PLC-7B-6-2x002-2-S-SCA-SCA-S: 1.0m with 2mm LSZH jacket



In Port Out Port Numbering 1 2 1 2 2x2 splitter 1 IN1-1 IN1-2 1-1 1-2 2x2 splitter 2 IN2-1 IN2-2 2-1 2-2 2x2 splitter 3 IN3-1 IN3-2 3-1 3-2 2x2 splitter 4 IN4-1 IN4-2 4-1 4-2 2x2 splitter 5 IN5-1 IN5-2 5-1 5-2 2x2 splitter 6 IN6-1 IN6-2 6-1 6-2


40/60


19” rack mountable modules

41/60

19inch 1U Splitter Module-PLC-1xN-2D-LCAPC-1e.doc 2009-09-04

19” 1U PLC Splitter Module 1xN (N=002 to 016) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-1-M-LCA-LCA-S

Picture (indicative)

1x4 Splitter Half Module 1U Horizontal Plug and Play Panel Main characteristics 19” 1U Module 1xN PLC

Type 1xN 1x2 1x4 1x8 1x16

Operating wavelength range (nm)

1260 ~ 1650

Insertion loss (dB) Typical Max *1

4.6 4.9

7.8 8.5

11.2 11.8

14.0 14.8

PDL (dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Uniformity (dB) Max *2 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.5 PMD (ps) Max 0.1 Return loss (dB) Min 55 Directivity (dB) Min 55 Operating temperature (°C) -30 to +70


WDL(dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 Fibre type Draka G652D Mating optical adaptor LC/APC Module Configuration*3 Half Size Half Size Full Size Full Size

*1 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL, without optical adaptors (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component). *2 : Excluding optical adaptor loss *3 : 1U Horizontal Panel can have 4 Full Size modules or 8 Half Size modules or you can mix as you wish as 2 Full Size + 4 Half Size. Remark: 1U horizontal panel proposed separately.


42/60

19inch 1U Splitter Module-PLC-1xN-2D-LCUPC-1e.doc 2009-09-04

19” 1U PLC Splitter Module 1xN (N=002 to 016) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-1-M-LCU-LCU-S


1x4 Splitter Half Module 1U Horizontal Plug and Play Panel Main characteristics 19” 1U Module 1xN PLC

Type 1xN 1x2 1x4 1x8 1x16

Operating wavelength range (nm)

1260 ~ 1650


4.6 4.9

7.8 8.5

11.2 11.8

14.0 14.8

PDL (dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Uniformity (dB) Max *2 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.5 PMD (ps) Max 0.1 Return loss (dB) Min 50 Directivity (dB) Min 55 Operating temperature (°C) -30 to +70


WDL(dB) Max 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 Fibre type Draka G652D Mating optical adaptor LC/UPC Module Configuration*3 Half Size Half Size Full Size Full Size

*1 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL, without optical adaptors (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component) *2 : Excluding optical adaptor loss *3 : 1U Horizontal Panel can have 4 Full Size modules or 8 Half Size modules or you can mix as you wish as 2 Full Size + 4 Half Size. Remark: 1U horizontal panel proposed separately.


43/60

19inch 1U Splitter Shelf-PLC-1xN-2D-LCAPC-1e.doc 2009-09-04

19” 1U PLC Splitter Shelf 1xN (N=032 to 064) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-1-R-LCA-LCA-S


Main characteristics 19” 1U Shelf 1xN PLC

Type 1xN 1x32 1x64



17.5 18.0

21.5 22.7

PDL (dB) Max 0.3 0.4 Uniformity (dB) Max *2 2.0 2.7 PMD (ps) Max 0.1 Return loss (dB) Min 55 Directivity (dB) Min 55 Operating temperature (°C) -30 to +70


WDL(dB) Max 0.5 1.0 Fibre type Draka G652D Mating adaptor LC/APC duplex

*1 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL, without mating adaptors (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component) *2 : Excluding mating adaptor loss


44/60

19inch 1U Splitter Shelf-PLC-1xN-2D-LCUPC-1e.doc 2009-09-04

19” 1U PLC Splitter Shelf 1xN (N=032 to 064) SPT-F-PLC-2D-1-1xN-1-R-LCU-LCU-S


Main characteristics 19” 1U Shelf 1xN PLC

Type 1xN 1x32 1x64



17.5 18.0

21.5 22.7

PDL (dB) Max 0.3 0.4 Uniformity (dB) Max *2 2.0 2.7 PMD (ps) Max 0.1 Return loss (dB) Min 50 Directivity (dB) Min 55 Operating temperature (°C) -30 to +70


WDL(dB) Max 0.5 1.0 Fibre type Draka G652D Mating adaptor LC/UPC duplex

*1 : Including PDL, WDL and TDL, without mating adaptors (This maximum Insertion Loss is valid at End of Life of the component) *2 : Excluding mating adaptor loss


45/60


BendBright®XS

46/60

BendBright-XS Macrobending Insensitive Single-Mode Fiber

Application Note

Issue Date: 01/09 Supersedes: --/--

Single-Mode Fiber

Issue Date: 02/09Supersedes: 05/07

47/60

Introduction

Draka’s BendBright-XS macrobending insensitive single mode

fibers (SMF) answers the market demand for bend-optimized SMF.

This fiber shows perfect performance for the stringent needs in

modern Fiber-To-The Home (FTTH) networks or in more general

access networks (XS=access ). The aim of this Application Note

(AN) is to support the user in the various applications of

BendBright-XS in telecom cables and networks, especially when

they are mixed with conventional SMF. This Application Note starts

with an overview section on the growing impact of macrobending

loss throughout the years and the importance of backwards

compatibility with the SMF applied in the “installed base” networks.

Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 describe the particular issues related to

macrobending, microbending, fiber connection and

lifetime aspects, respectively. Section 6 covers some miscellaneous

subjects, including an item, dealing with a new characterization

parameter of Multi-Path Interference (MPI). Specific fiber data and

detailed specifications can be found in the product datasheet.

1. Macrobending Loss: Growing Impact

For telecom networks bend loss has hardly been an issue for many

years. Bending the fiber into a helical path is needed to create fiber

over-length allowing cable elongation during installation and a

suitable temperature operating window. This requirement was met

quite easily. Bend radii well over 100 mm did not put high demands

on the fiber bend loss. A further requirement was in the need to

have storage of the fiber over-length in the splice enclosures along

a route. The well-known “100 turns” requirement was created to

represent the total number of fiber storage loops in a route. Radii of

interest decreased to 30 mm, but for a limited length only. A more

severe tightening occurred from the increase of operational

wavelength into the long wavelength 1625 nm band.

The associated extending optical field width at higher wavelengths

makes the fiber more sensitive to bending. This ended up in the

ITU-T Recommendations and IEC standards with the

current requirement of a maximum added loss of 0.1 dB at 1625 nm

for 100 turns with a 30 mm radius.

First generation bend performance improvements were addressed

by standard single mode fiber (SMF) with its simple step-index

profile of the core. The only measures taken by the fiber

manufacturers were the gradual decrease of the nominal mode-field

diameter (MFD) at 1310 nm down to about 9 µm and an increase of

the average cable cut-off wavelength to a value not far below the

lower limit of the operating wavelength window. These transitions

were supported by narrowing production tolerances allowing

prevention of worst case fibers.

The minimum bend radius of 30 mm has had a big impact. In most

fiber management systems this minimum radius can be recognized

in storage cassettes as well as in entrance and exit guides,

resulting in voluminous distribution frames requiring costly space.

More or less, the 30 mm radius has been considered as being a

“natural law” which should not be violated. However, this situation

has come to an end.

Component volume is becoming more and more a decisive factor in

telecom offices, in cabinets and especially in access points and

customer connection boxes in Fiber-To-The-Home networks.

Smaller bending radii may reduce component size and lower the

total cost of ownership further.

Another issue that developed is the ability of the fiber to cope with

installation errors like short radius partial bends and/or “kinks” in the

fiber. For higher level networks these are usually prevented by

requiring well trained installation crews and/or by costly

commissioning procedures. This is no longer affordable in the

optical access networks, where labor and productivity impacts are

much heavier due to the many splitting points and the frequent

Draka Communications

[email protected]

www.drakafiber.com | www.draka.com

Netherlands: Tel: +31 (0)40 29 58 700 Fax: +31 (0)40 29 58 710

France: Tel: +33 (0)3 21 79 49 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 21 79 49 33

USA: Toll free: 800-879-9862 Outside US: +1.828.459.9787 Fax: +1.828.459.8267

48/60

network changes inherent to the nature of direct service delivery to

individual end customers. Fast, efficient and low cost installation is

of even more importance here.

Cables with macrobending insensitive fibers will allow typical indoor

installation methods like tight bending around corners, clamping

and even stapling, for which round staples are recommended.

2. Backwards Compatibility and Compliance with International Standards

In the development of low bend loss SMF, Draka has considered

backwards compatibility a key requirement for network operators.

Usually low bend loss is realized by using core modified profiles or

by using the simplest approach, the “high delta” SMF (e.g. pay-off

fibers used in military applications).

Fig. 1 Trench assisted BendBright-XS index profile and modeled fundamental power Pout(r) in % propagating outside radius r for this profile and for an equivalent step-index profile. (Note: 0.5 % power loss corresponds with 0.02 dB)

In this latter case, the refractive index step of conventional step-

index SMF is increased significantly with a simultaneous reduction

of the core size. The resulting low MFD (5 to 6 µm) is hardly

acceptable for applications in telecom networks due to the

mismatch with the SMF installed base. Apart from technical

problems with increased coupling losses, an accompanying cost

factor is in the need for precise registration of the use and stock of

these cables as they should not be mixed with conventional cables.

The first generation of bend loss improved SMF, Draka’s classical

BendBrightTM ESMF, referred to here as BendBright, was launched

in 2002. Its concept is based on the selection process of standard

fibers in combination with some specific in-process conditions. As a

subset of SMF, BendBright fibers are fully backwards compatible

with SMF in all aspects since they are part of the standard product

line. For the BendBright-XS, targeting also the tough requirements

of the access network application, the condition of backwards

compatibility is also maintained. Although this restricted the

development process severely, it showed that the slight reduction of

the MFD to an average value of about 8.8 µm together with the

addition of an optical field confining trench in the optical cladding

just outside of the core (see Figure 1 and Ref. [1]) provided the

required significant bend loss improvement.

As a result, the trench-assisted BendBright-XS can be mixed with

conventional standard SMF, Draka BendBright and/or ESMF,

without violating the requirements for practical installation,

maintenance or operation of the optical network.

Referring to international standards, the trench-assisted

BendBright-XS is fully compliant with the current ITU-T G.652D

Recommendation. With respect to the macrobending loss

requirements, it is evident that BendBright-XS shows

characteristics far beyond this standard. For this characteristic it

provides full compliance with the ITU-T G.657 recommended bend-

insensitive SMF classes. It is superior with respect to the

“G.657_class A” performance and coincides with the much more

stringent “G.657_class B” requirements as indicated at 1550 nm in

Figure 2, which also shows the typical bend loss of BendBright-XS.

Since its introduction in September 2006, BendBright-XS has

demonstrated a remarkable growth (end of 2009: over 330.000 km

of sold fiber), showing the large need for such a robust fiber in

FTTH outdoor and indoor applications. Herewith it shows to be a

leading industrial product, even gathering international recognition

e.g. by being nominated for the best Telecom product in Denmark

at the 2008 Brendsbanddagen. (Denmark is in the leading top five

European FTTH countries).

Furthermore such cables will be of smaller size than cables with

standard fibers because less protection is needed to realize the

required cable specifications.


[email protected]



France: Tel: +33 (0)3 21 79 49 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 21 79 49 33


0.001%

0.010%

0.100%

1.000%

10.000%

100.000%

equivalentstep-index

trench-assistedstructure

core

intermediatecladding

trench

fibre radius

Pou

t(r)

0.001%

0.010%

0.100%

1.000%

10.000%

100.000%

equivalentstep-index

trench-assistedstructure

core

intermediatecladding

trench

fibre radius

Pou

t(r)

49/60

Fig. 2 BendBright-XS complies with the ITU-T G.657 Recommendation on bend-insensitive SMF for both class A and class B.

The strength of this product is the excellent quality [see Ref. 2]

based on the mature technique by which it is easily produced using

the well known PCVD deposition process. This process offers high

efficiency and large production flexibility; it also releases the lowest

waste to the environment compared to other fiber deposition

processes.

3. Macrobending Loss

Low macrobending loss is needed

i) for storage of fiber, cord or cable over-length in patch-panels or

in splicing cassettes and

ii) in case of single low radius bends as occurring in entrance and

exit guides of fiber management systems and in indoor cable

installations.

For SMF, a commonly applied specification for bending loss is in

the added loss per turn at a given wavelength. This loss increases

linearly with the number of turns, so the specified loss for any

number of turns can be calculated quite easily. As SMF bend loss

increases with wavelength, the specification at the highest

envisioned wavelength, i.e. 1625 nm is most critical. For

applications where 1550 nm is considered as the highest

operational wavelength a specification at this wavelength suffices.

For BendBright-XS, the loss at both wavelengths has been

specified. The ratio between the losses at both wavelengths is not

constant but depends on the bending radius. For 15 mm radius this

ratio is about 5 and for 7.5 mm it has decreased to 2.5.

Fig.3 Comparative macrobending loss overview. The dotted curve

represents the maximum bend loss of a SMF just answering the ITU-T G.652 specification at a 30 mm bend radius.

In Figure 3 an overview is given of the bend loss specification at

1625 nm of BendBright-XS compared with classical BendBright,

standard ESMF and the ITU-T G.652D Recommendation.

Improvement is clearly visible and ranges up to a factor of 100 at a

15 mm radius.

In specifying bend loss in dB/turn, the user must take into account

that the fiber length in the turn is linearly dependent upon the bend

radius. This means that for storage of a fixed length at a lower bend

radius a higher number of turns must be accounted for. In practice

however, the required storage length is decreasing due to ongoing

miniaturization of all components, including the connector patch

panels and splicing sets.

A further effect to be highlighted has to do with the very nature

of bend loss and might be of special relevance when considering

low radius bends. The optical signal escaping from the core due to

the bending of the fiber axis will be reflected at all interfaces with

refractive index differences as e.g. the coating-cladding interface.

Due to the curved reflection surfaces acting quite like a concave

mirror, a significant part of the reflected power passes the core

again and might interfere with the main power stream. As this

interference is dependent upon bend radius and wavelength and

might be either constructive or destructive, this results in a

characteristic undulation (see Ref. [3]) of measured spectral

bending loss curves as shown in Figure 4 for a 7.5 mm radius test.


[email protected]



France: Tel: +33 (0)3 21 79 49 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 21 79 49 33


0.001

0.01

0.1

1

5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5

class A

class B

bend radius (mm)

BendBright-XS

spec.

dB/turn 1550 nm

BendBright-XS

Typical

50/60

Fig.4 BendBright-XS spectral macrobending loss for a R=7.5 mm test with 6 full turns in the test set-up.

The undulation depth and the position of the tops are determined by

the specific fiber geometry and core profile and by the specific fiber

deployment. In spectral loss tests, as done for BendBright-XS,

simple curve fitting (see IEC 60793-1-47 Macrobending loss test

method) results in the appropriate loss value. However, when

measuring bend loss with an OTDR, quite large deviations can

occur, especially in case of a single low radius bend where the

undulation depth might be higher.

BendBright-XS fiber shows another strong feature as trench-

assisted bend-insensitive SMF. The PCVD produced profile

guarantees extremely well bending homogeneity. Quantitatively

speaking, the trench-volume variations are lower than 0.1% in the

radial dimension and lower than 0.1% after 1km in the longitudinal

dimension. This extremely good homogeneity level ensures very

stable and robust bend loss performance of BendBright-XS fibers

for indoor application.

4. Microbending Loss

Microbending loss is reduced with a higher fiber MAC value, i.e. the

ratio MFD/CO, just like macrobending loss (see Ref. [4]). As

extensive testing has shown, the optical field confining effect of the

refractive index trench near to the core has a positive effect on

microbending loss as well.

Fig.5 Spectral micobending loss for ESMF and BendBright-XS with ColorLock coating and BendBright-XS with improved ColorLock-XS coating.

Figure 5 shows spectral loss curves from fiber subjected to the

standard Draka microbending test. In this test, 400 m fiber is wound

with high tension on a 60 cm diameter reel covered with low grain

size sandpaper. BendBright-XS fibers show reduced microbending

sensitivity compared to standard ESMF (including a lower slope of

loss versus wavelength), which is further enhanced with the highly

microbending improved coating ColorLock-XS.

Microbending is a less defined deformation of the fiber axis for

which some test methods are suggested in IEC Technical Report

TR 62221.

Other test methods have also been applied to evaluate the losses

originating from micro-deformations as can occur in practice. Some

examples are the “pin-array” test and the “kink” test. The “kink test”

might give a good impression of the effects occurring in case of

possible sharp bending, e.g. in splice cassettes. In this test, a

coated fiber is loosely pressed against a low radius pin over an

angle of about 45 degrees. The fiber has some free space due to

the distance of about 0.7 mm between the pin surface and the

pressing surface resulting in a smaller effective bend angle as is the

case in usual cable structures. The test is repeated several times

and the results are averaged.

In Figure 6, some test results are shown applying a 1.5 and a 2 mm

radius pin respectively. The tested fibers were nominal MAC value

fibers from both BendBright-XS and the classical BendBright

product line. The improvement originating from the trench is

impressive.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700

nm

dB/turn

exponentialcurve fit


[email protected]



France: Tel: +33 (0)3 21 79 49 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 21 79 49 33


0,01

0,10

1,00

10,00

1250 1350 1450 1550 1650nm

dB

BendBright-XS with ColorLock

ESMF with ColorLock

BendBright-XS with ColorLock-XS

51/60

Fig.6 Spectral “kink loss” curve for a BendBright-XS fiber pressed against an R=1.5 mm pin. In the inset, the losses at 1550 nm are given for some nominal BendBright-XS and BendBright fibers.

In case of sharp incidental bends, BendBright-XS fiber responds

with a limited excess loss only. In case of a standard step-index

SMF, the inserted loss would certainly have initiated a system

alarm.

Seen from this aspect, the new trench-assisted BendBright-XS

fiber is very installer friendly and forgiving. However, this does not

mean that fiber mounting should be done carelessly.

5. Fiber Connection

Fiber connection is of high relevance in installing, operating and

maintaining an optical network. Not only for splicing consecutive or

branched-out cable sections, but also in connecting cabled fibers to

transceiver or splitter pigtails. The connection might be from

connectors, mechanical splicing or fusion splices. The inter-

compatibility of legacy fiber must always be considered when

introducing a newer fiber type, even if improving its characteristics.

Therefore, it makes sense to check the impact of the BendBright-

XS on each of these methods.

5.1: connectors

In cleaving, polishing and processing of the fiber end-face,

BendBright-XS does not differ from standard SMF. The surface of

the trench is very small compared with the total fiber surface, so the

small differences in material do not affect any of the processing

steps significantly. This has been verified by making a series of

connectors and testing the connection results in terms of insertion

and reflection loss. No differences in characteristics resulted.

As for the reflection loss it should be noted that one of the methods

to suppress end face reflection i.e. by making one or more small

radius loops in the fiber downstream the connector to be tested,

does not work anymore. Alternative methods like the use of index

matching oil or gels should be applied.

An interesting part of this test cycle is the tested patch-cord bend

loss. In this procedure, a cord is bent over quite small radii at

different angles as represented in Table I. The extremely low losses

correspond fully with the results shown in Figure 3.

Table I : Results from bend loss tests at 1625 nm as part of a connector qualification program.

Angle Radius ESMF BendBright-XS

1x180 ° 9 mm 0.0 dB 0.0 dB

1x180 ° 6.5 mm 0.2 dB 0.02 dB

1x180 ° 4 mm 2.1 dB 0.2 dB

1x360 ° 7 mm 12.5 dB 0.4 dB

1x360 ° 5 mm 30 dB 1.0 dB

1x360 ° 3 mm 38 dB 2.5 dB

5.2: mechanical splices

Just like the results for making connectors, the use of BendBright-

XS does not differ from the use of standard SMF. For verification, a

series of mechanical splices were been made, the result of which is

represented in Table II. The average value and maximum value

over 5 installations were both within the specifications for this type

of mechanical splice.

Table II : Results from mechanical splice mounting trial series.

Wavelength Average loss

1310 nm 0.09 dB

1550 nm 0.12 dB

1625 nm 0.12 dB

1250 – 1650 nm 0.12 dB

0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650nm

dB

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

BendBright-XS

BendBright

1.5 2.0 R (mm)

1550 nmdB

RR


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5.3: fusion splicing

Draka and all major splice machine manufacturers have conducted

extensive splice testing of BendBright-XS and have found that all

machines are capable of splicing BendBright-XS effectively. This

includes splicing BendBright-XS to itself, to other bend-insensitive

fibers, and to standard single-mode fibers. Some single fiber splice

machines use (proprietary) profile or core recognition to align fibers.

If these machines do not have updated software it is possible that

BendBright-XS may not be recognized, because the trench in the

profile may cause errors in the recognition software (see figure 7). If

this is encountered, this can easily be overcome by simply changing

the machine setting (see table III).

Table III lists most common splice machines on the market. It is

intended to provide guidance and recommendations in case

alternative settings are required. It should be noted that the splice

machine manufacturers have already updated or are in the process

of updating software to BendBright-XS. Standard settings can be

used for outside diameter/cladding alignment machines, including

mass fusion splice machines.

Although good results can be achieved with older splicing sets

applying the MMF arc settings, Draka recommends applying

modern splicers that support BendBright-XS, see Table III.

Note: Do not hesitate to contact the local distributor of the

splicing equipment for up-to-date information and equipment

updating procedures.

Fig. 7 The trench in BendBright-XS showing up on the fusion splicer visualization screen.

Splice test results:

As BendBright-XS allows a backwards compatibility with already

deployed fibers (standard Single-mode fiber), it is also important to

guarantee compatibility with existing deployment procedure. As far

as fusion splicing operations is concerned, it is important to ensure

that splicing conditions do not differ that much when BendBright-

XS is spliced to another fiber. Two possible splicing cases are

distinguished:

• Splicing BendBright-XS to standard single-mode fibers

• Splicing BendBright-XS to itself

5.3-1: splicing BendBright-XS to ESMF

Splicing the trench-assisted BendBright-XS fiber to a standard

SMF will occur frequently at the edge of an access network or when

splicing fiber pigtails in passive components like power splitters.

Figure 8 shows the result of splice test performed by Draka

between different commercial available G.652D fibers and

BendBright-XS, performed with several fusion splicers.

Measurement performed with bi-directional OTDR method.

5.3-2: splicing BendBright-XS to BendBright-XS

Splicing BendBright-XS to itself works like splicing every other

standard SMF in nowadays installation practice. Given that spliced

fibers have identical chemical compositions, splicing conditions are

usually more relaxed than splicing with dissimilar fiber. As a result,

fusion splicing usually exhibits slightly better performance than

when splicing with heterogeneous fibers. This is proven by below

Figure 8 showing statistics of a large amount of splicing tests on

different commercially available splicing machines. Measurement

performed with bi-directional OTDR method.

Note: Individual results for particular splice machines are

available on request.


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Table III: Recommended splice machine settings for BendBright-XS.

Fig. 8 Splice loss distribution of BendBright-XS to itself and to multiple

commercial G.652D fibers using different splice machines at 1550nm.

The above reported splice test results (Figure 8) are obtained in a laboratory. Splicing in field

circumstances will result in the same values when it has been

secured that all equipment is well maintained and in good condition,

operators are well-trained and splicing is performed in a clean

environment.

5.3-3: OTDR commissioning procedure

During installation, the splice loss is predicted by the optical image

processing system of the splicer unit. Based on this prediction the

splice can be approved or rejected. When commissioning an optical

link, splice losses usually are checked again by OTDR testing from

either one side or from two sides of the fiber link. For testing splices

in networks with optical splitters special procedures do exist.

When measuring splice loss with an OTDR, peculiar effects can

occur. Depending upon the direction of testing, apparent gain or

apparent high losses can be observed. The main reason for this is

in the strong dependency of backscatter level on the MFD value. If

the spliced fibers have different MFD values the backscatter level of

both fibers will differ. This impacts the ability of the OTDR to

measure the splice loss from one direction. More details are given

in Refs [5] and [6].


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BBXS splicing results

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 > 0.10

Splice attenuation 1550 nm [dB]

Per

cent

age

BBXS-SMF

BBXS-BBXS

MODEL RECOMMENDED PROGRAM

CORRESPONDING ALIGNMENT METHOD

ALTERNATIVESETTING

FSM-11S Automatic mode Fixed V-Groove

-


-


-

FSM-30S SMF Core alignment MMF

FSM-40S MMF Cladding alignment

-

FSM 50S BendBright-XS Core alignment

Automatic mode

FU

JIK

UR

A

FSM 60S BendBright-XS Core alignment

Automatic mode

S122A Standard SM Fixed V-Groove -

S175 (All version)

BendBright-XS (US only)

Cladding alignment

SM with clad alignment

S176 Standard SM with cladding

alignment* Cladding alignment -

FU

RU

KA

WA

FIT

EL

S177A BendBright-XS Core alignment

SM with clad alignment

Type-25 SM settings Fixed V-Groove

-

Type-45 SM settings Fixed V-Groove -

Type-37 SM

Diameter Alignment* Cladding alignment

-

Type-39 BBxs Diam Cladding alignment

-

Type-65 Standard SM Fixed V-Groove -

SU

MIT

OM

O

Type-66 Standard SM Fixed V-Groove

-

M90i MMF (VIDEO mode)

Cladding alignment

-

CO

RN

ING

(S

IEC

OR

)

OptiSplice™ LID Micro

MMF (VIDEO unequal

pairs)

Cladding alignment

-

RSU12 Standard SM Fixed V-groove

ER

ICS

SO

N

FSU995 Standard SM Core alignment

-

54/60

Fig. 9 Measured uni-directional OTDR gain or loss for an ideal splice at 1550 nm determined from a 9.0 µm MFD standard SMF launching into other standard SMF and into BendBright-XS fibers with various MFD values indicated on the horizontal axis.

Also for BendBright-XS, backscatter level is mainly determined by

MFD. This is depicted in more detail in Figure 9. A standard SMF

launch fiber with a 9.0 µm MFD is spliced to a series of other SMF

with deviating MFD values. Applying the method used in Ref [7], the

apparent loss (dB >0) or gain (dB <0), referred to the launch fiber

can be derived for each fiber. Good correspondence shows with the

expected theoretical value based on MFD differences (see Ref [5],

Eq. 5), which is also represented in Figure 9. These results show

that the trench-assisted BendBright-XS behaves just like a

standard SMF with respect to OTDR splice monitoring.

Since BendBright-XS has a slightly lower nominal MFD then

conventional SMF, more splices will be noticed with an apparent

gain when testing from the side of the conventional SMF. In case of

a commissioning procedure requiring the use of cost-effective

single sided OTDR monitoring, this difference in average value of

MFD distribution has to be taken into account. Methods to cope with

this do not differ from situations where different standard SMF fibers

with a difference in nominal MFD value are spliced (see also Ref. [5]).

6. Lifetime Aspects

These requirements have been derived from a worst case network

situation defined as:

“all fibers in a cable observe over the entire length and during the entire lifetime of e.g. 20 years, a constant strain of maximum 1/3 of the 1% proof-test value”

For modern optical fibers this requirement is met by applying high

quality materials and clean processes. Verification is done by proof-

testing the fibers resulting in a sufficiently low number of breaks per

preform pull. Meeting this requirement for a 1% strain at proof-test,

insures that the fiber can withstand a 1/3 % strain over its whole

cross-section, length and lifetime.

When bending a fiber in a storage cassette the following main

considerations apply:

1- Usually there is no axial stress on the fiber, so consequently

the main cause for strain is the bending itself. By simple

geometrical rules it can be calculated that a 1/3 % strain is reached

at the outer circumference of a 125 µm OD fiber for a bend radius of

18.75 mm. Bending the fiber over its whole length on this diameter

will not impose any additional impact on the lifetime compared with

the criteria mentioned above. On the contrary, the average stress is

even less as the 1/3 % strain is present in a very small part of the

fiber’s outer surface only.

When deploying SMF in storage cassettes or in case of incidental

bends, stress is applied to the outer circumference of the fiber

causing strain in the glass material (see Figure 10).

Fig. 10 Strain in the outer surface of the fiber by bending the fiber axis with a radius

Reducing the current minimum bend radius from 30 mm to 15 mm

or even lower, might raise some questions on the lifetime of the

fiber. For modern SMF however, there is no reason for this concern

With respect to strength, BendBright-XS gets the same high

quality processing as the Draka standard SMF. This is sufficient to

guarantee its lifetime in all situations in a telecom network, including

access networks with much more rugged environments. To explain

this, let’s start with an assessment of current strength requirements.

-0.20

-0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.6MFD1310nm

(dB)

standard SMF

BendBright-XS

ap

par

ent

gai

nlo

ss theory

R

r

R

r

e = r / R strain:


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2- The bent fiber length in a storage cassette is a very short

section of the total fiber length only. So, the failure probability is

accordingly lower.

Both considerations apply when calculating the failure probability of

a short fiber length stored in a cassette of a fiber management

system. In Ref. [8] a more complete model has been described

starting from the outside plant failure probability as indicated by the

network operator. For a rather extended network containing 5000

storage cassettes and a failure probability per cassette of 0.001 %

in 20 years, i.e. one single spontaneous breakage in one of the

cassettes in 20 years in 20 of these networks, the minimum bend

radius is represented in Figure 11.

It is evident that this minimum radius depends upon the length of

the stored fiber in the cassette. The other parameter that governs

the minimum bending radius is the stress corrosion susceptibility n

(fatigue parameter). For BendBright-XS the value of the “dynamic”

susceptibility is >20 (see datasheet) whereas the “static” value is

>23. Note that the minimum dynamic stress corrosion susceptibility

coefficient is 18 according to IEC product specification 60793-2-50

and Telcordia GR-20-CORE specifications.

Depending upon the envisioned safety margin, different values can

be used. Since storage aging in most cases is a static

phenomenon, the use of the higher static fatigue parameter n=29

might be justified. The lower value of n=18 might be used as a

“worst case”. Dependent upon these considerations the curves in

Figure 11 demonstrate that for this typical network and the

accepted very low failure rate a storage length of, for example, 100

cm of fiber at a 15 mm radius is a safe situation. However, storage

of 100 cm of fiber at a radius of 10 mm is also safe if the higher n-

values are ascertained *).

Fig. 11 Minimum bending radius for storage of the BendBright-XS with a 20 years failure probability of < 0.001.

The curves in Figure 11 also show that for much shorter bend

lengths, such as 90 degree bends in exit and entrance ports of a

fiber management system the minimum radius can be much

shorter. Referring to the kink loss situation as indicated in Figure 6,

detailed calculations reveal that even in these cases, lifetime is not

significantly affected (see e.g. Ref. [9]; Fig. 9). A nice illustration of

this comes from a simple long term experiment started at Draka

Denmark in the early nineties of the last century. A series of

different diameter mandrels, diameters ranging from 2.8 to 4.2 mm,

10 of each and each mandrel with 30 windings were stored in a

room temperature environment. In the D=2.8 mm and D=3.0 mm

series mandrels 5 breaks occurred after 11 and 28 days,

respectively. However, from the D ≥ 3.4 mm mandrels no breaks

were detected up till now, i.e. 16 years later!

In general it can be stated that lifetime considerations on fibers

stored in short bend radius fiber management systems differ

significantly from lifetime considerations of cabled fibers. For

storage in fiber management systems, a higher strain may be

present on short lengths, whereas for cables a lower strain and a

much longer length apply. As for lifetime prediction however, similar

calculation models can be applied.

*) Note that at this specific bend radius, the bend loss in “live” fibers cannot be neglected anymore. For a for 100 cm storage with a bend radius of 10 mm, the specified maximum bend loss becomes as high as 0.8 dB at 1550 nm.

Single bend failure rate.

Based on Ref. [10] Draka calculated the failure rate at the various

bend radii. The Parts Per Million (PPM) rate is the most

straightforward way to explain the reliability in small bends. Table IV

quantifies the risks of failure at various bend radii. For example, for

every one million bends at a 10 mm bare fiber bend radius, there is

0.8 predicted failures over a 25 years life. This assumes the fiber is

bent at that radius over the entire 25 years.

Table IV Failure rate (PPM) for single turns over 25 years service

Bend Radius Failure Rate

(mm) (PPM)

7.5 1.20

10 0.80

15 0.30

20 0.03

30 << 0.01

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 20 40 60 80 100stored length (cm)

Rm

in(m

m)

n = 18

20

23

29

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 20 40 60 80 100stored length (cm)

Rm

in(m

m)

n = 18

20

23

29


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7. Miscellaneous

The improved macrobending behavior of BendBright-XS can also

have impact other areas aspects, which are highlighted below.

7.1 Fiber and cable cut-off measurement.

In the cut-off region of a SMF, optical power is propagated not only

by the fundamental mode, but also by higher order modes. For a

standard step-index SMF the two LP11 higher order modes are the

dominant ones just below the cut-off wavelength. In the bend

reference method of IEC and ITU-T standardized cut-off

wavelength test methods power is split in equal parts over the

three propagating modes. This results in a spectral curve “hump”

with a top value of 10xlog(3) = 4.7 dB. The cut-off wavelength

follows from the higher wavelength at 0.1 dB height of this hump.

For trench-assisted BendBright-XS, the cut-off phenomena differ

significantly from those for a conventional step-index core profile

SMF. As the bend loss of the higher order modes is influenced by

the trench also, the wavelength width of the cut-off region is

broadened significantly leading to a much lower “hump” value when

applying the bend reference method. In addition, due to interference

undulation in the measured cut-off curve can occur resulting in a

“dispersed hump” with a much lower maximum value, even far

below the minimum height of 2 dB as required in the IEC standard

for this test method. Applying the multimode reference method (see

Ref. [11]) does not have this drawback and is recommended for this

test, both for the fiber and for the cable cut-off wavelength. This

recommendation will also be implemented in next edition of the

indicated IEC standard.

7.2 Multi-Path Interference

Multi Path Interference (MPI) has been discussed for the last 20

years and the term encompasses a wide variety of phenomena

which translate in interferences between the optical signal and

weak, parasitic time-delayed replica. The induced fluctuations act

as noise in transmission and therefore degrade the system

performances.

MPI has recently received a renewed attention in the access

network context. In this case, one refers to coherent MPI because

interferences occur between co-propagating modes (Fig.12).

Fig. 12 MPI/Modal noise in FTTH context.

The interest expressed comes from the fact that MPI is a well-

known way to estimate the impact of a few mode behavior when the

system is operated lower or close to the cut-off wavelength. MPI

gives a better view on systems impairments than just a cut-off

characterization. In other words, a known MPI level relates to a

power penalty and therefore to a system budget.

Simulating extreme field installations (see Figures 13-14),

BendBright-XS cables have been submitted to various tests, each

one investigating a particular source of MPI that will be encountered

in real systems (see Ref. [12]).

Fig. 13 MPI testing of multiple stapled cable.

Fig. 14 MPI testing on 5 mm radius cabled fiber loops and tight 90 degree bends.


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All these measurements have been performed using the power

fluctuation method (see Ref. [13], known among the classical MPI

characterization techniques to be the best one to capture the true

essence of coherent MPI, all the other ones leading to severe

underestimations. Table V MPI levels measured at 1310 nm for cable stapling,

bending and sharp turns experiments

1310 nm Stapling Loops Sharp Turns 3 mm cable < -45 dB < -40 dB < -40 dB 5 mm cable < - 40dB < -40 dB < -40 dB

Table V lists all the MPI values measured for the 3 and 5 mm

BendBright-XS indoor cables. Even though these experiments

represent extreme installation conditions, the MPI levels found are

well below –30 dB which makes BendBright-XS fully compatible

with successful FTTH deployments (see Ref. [12]).

7.3 Use of fiber identifiers

The enhanced bending performance of BendBright-XS will

diminish the signal received with fiber identifiers. This might cause a

sensitivity problem dependent upon the type of use and the type of

tap-off mechanism. To investigate this, several identifiers were

tested:

- Tests with the Wilcom F 6225 identifier showed that working

with BendBright-XS is possible with normal identifier settings for

both the 250 µm OD primary coated fiber and a 2 mm buffered

patch-cord.

- Tests with done also with the EXFO LFD-250 "clip-on" detector

and the LFD-300 FiberFinder. Both work well as clip-on device to

a sensitivity level of about -30 dBm at 1550 nm. For providing the

appropriate power level software modifications will be required.

7.4 High power induced aging

In view of the foreseen up-grading of networks with distributed or

lumped Raman amplifiers, much attention is given currently to the

effect of the use of high power pump lasers at e.g. 1460 nm. An

annoying side effect might be that loss of power at low radius bends

can initiate an accelerated aging of the coating and in some cases

eventually lead to fiber breakage or even start of fire in some older

types of tightly coated fiber.

It will be evident that the use of fibers with improved macrobending

behavior, like trench-assisted BendBright-XS are much less

vulnerable to this effect, see Figure 15 showing BendBright-XS in

comparison with a regular G.652 fiber (see also Ref. [2, 14]. In this

figure different failure definitions have been applied (see Ref. [15]):

R1: catastrophic failure of the glass fiber mimicking a fiber break;

R2: catastrophic damage to the fiber coating;

R3: accelerated ageing of the coating.

Fig. 15 Launch power (1480 nm) for different failure regimes (R1 – R2 –

R3), tested in 180 degree 2-point bends. Top: BendBright-XS withstands up to about ten times higher launch

power (R3) at 8 mm diameter compared to G.652 fiber (bottom).

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0 2 4 6 8 10

R1R2

R3

Bend Diameter (mm)

Laun

ch P

ower

(mW

) BendBrightXS

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0 2 4 6 8 10

R1R2

R3

Bend Diameter (mm)

Laun

ch P

ower

(mW

) BendBrightXS

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

R1R2

R3

Bend Diameter (mm)

Lau

nch

Pow

er (m

W) G.652 SMF (Fiber ‘G’)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

R1R2

R3

Bend Diameter (mm)

Lau

nch

Pow

er (m

W) G.652 SMF (Fiber ‘G’)


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[1] L.A. de Montmorillon, P. Matthijsse et al, “Next generation SMF with reduced bend sensitivity for FttH networks”; Proc. ECOC, paper

Mo 3.3.2, Cannes, 2006.

[2] Gerard Kuyt, Piet Matthijsse, Laurent Gasca, Louis-Anne de Montmorillon, Arnie Berkers, Mijndert Doorn, Klaus Nothofer,

Alexander Weiss, “The impact of new bend-insensitive single mode fibers on FTTH connectivity and cable designs”, Proc. 56th

IWCS Conference, November 2007.

[3] L.Faustini and G. Martini, “ Bend Loss in Single Mode Fibers”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol 15, No 4, April 1997; pp 671-

679.

[4] C.Unger and W.Stöcklein, “Investigation of the Microbending Sensitivity of fibers”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol 12, No 4,

April 1994; pp 591-596.

[5] Draka Application Note: “SM OTDRs, Apparent Gain, Loss and other surprises”; August 2006.

[6] IEC 62316 TR Ed. 2.0: “Guidance for the interpretation of OTDR backscattering traces”.

[7] P.Matthijsse and C.M. de Blok, “Field measurement of splice loss applying the backscattering method”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 15,

No 24, pp 795-6, (1979).

[8] P.Matthijsse and W.Griffioen, “Matching Optical Fiber Lifetime and Bend-loss Limits for Optimized Local Loop Fiber Storage”,

Optical Fiber Technology, Vol 11, pp 92-99, (2005).

[9] P.Matthijsse, L.A. de Montmorillon et al, “Bend-Optimized G.652 compatible Single Mode Fibers”, Proc. 54th IWCS Conference, pp

327-331, November 2005.

[10] IEC 62048 TR Ed. 1.0: “Optical fibres – Reliability – Power law theory”.

[11] IEC 60793-1-44 Optical fibres – Part 1-44: Measurement methods and test procedures – Cut-off wavelength.

[12] D. Z. Chen, D. Boivin et al, “Testing MPI Threshold in Bend Insensitive Fiber using Coherent Peak-To-Peak Power Method”,

OFC/NFOEC2009, paper NTuC5.

[13] Ramachandran et al, “Measurement of Multipath Interference in the Coherent Crosstalk Regime », IEEE Photonics Technology

Letters, 2003, 15, 1171-1173.

[14] E.S.R. Sikora. D.J. McCartney : Private communication. BT plc UK. August 2007.

[15] IEC 62547 TR Ed. 1.0: Guideline document for the measurement of high power damage sensitivity of single mode fibre to bends

and guidance for interpretation of results.

References


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© 2009

Draka Communications has offices and production facilities all over the world. To get in touch with us and find out how we can help you build your network, visit our website at www.draka.com, or contact us at :

Our sales offices in the EMEA region : Austria* Trillergasse 6 A-1210 Vienna Phone: +43 1 294 0095 16 Telefax: +43 1 294 0095 97 [email protected] *)including : Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia Denmark Priorparken 833, DK-2605 Brøndby, Phone: +45 43 48 20 50 Telefax: +45 43 48 26 59 [email protected] Finland* Kimmeltie 1 FI-02110 Espoo Phone: +358 10 56 61 Telefax: +358 10 56 63 394 [email protected] *)including : Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Poland and Ukraine France Immeuble Le Sophocle Parc des Algorithmes 9 Avenue du Marais F-95100 Argenteuil Phone: +33 1 34 34 41 30 Telefax: +33 1 30 76 40 12 [email protected]

Germany Friedrichshagenerstrasse 29-36 D-12555 Berlin Phone: +49 30 65 485 760 Telefax: +49 30 65 485 602 [email protected] Germany* Piccoloministrasse 2 D-51063 Cologne Phone: +49 221 67 70 Telefax: +49 221 67 73 890 [email protected] *)including : Switzerland Netherlands (HQ – Cable) De Boelelaan 7 1083 HJ Amsterdam Phone: +31 20 56 89 865 Telefax: +31 20 56 89 409 [email protected] Netherlands (HQ – Fibre) Zwaanstraat 1 5651 CA Eindhoven Phone: +31 40 295 87 00 Telefax: +31 40 295 87 10 [email protected] Netherlands* Zuidelijk Halfrond 11 2801 DD Gouda Phone: +31 182 59 21 00 Telefax: +31 182 59 22 00 [email protected] *)including : Bergium, Luxembourg

Norway* Kjerraten 16 3013 Drammen Phone: +47 32 24 90 00 Telefax: +47 32 24 91 16 [email protected] *)including : Sweden and Iceland Romania* 10, Montreal Place, WTC Entrance F, 1st floor 011469 Bucharest Phone: +40 21 202 3057 Telefax: +40 21 202 3100 [email protected] [email protected] *)including : Bulgaria, Moldavia and Serbia Russia 8th Verkhny pereulok, 10, St.Petersburg, 194292 Phone: +7 821 592 85 79 Telefax: +7 812 592 77 79 [email protected] Spain* Av. de Bilbao 72 39.600 Maliaño - Cantabria Phone: +34 942 24 71 00 Telefax: +34 942 24 71 14 [email protected] *)including : Greece, Italy and Portugal

Spain Can Vinyalets 2 08130 Santa Perpetua de Mogoda – Barcelona Phone: +34 935 74 83 83 Telefax: +34 935 60 13 42 [email protected] Turkey* Ebulula Cad. 4. Gazeteciler Sitesi A 14-4 Levent-Besiktas Istanbul Phone: + 90 212 280 25 59 Telefax: + 90 212 280 32 08 [email protected] *)including : All other countries in Africa and Middle East United Kingdom* Crowther Road, Crowther Industrial Estate, Washington, Tyne and Wear, NE38 0AQ Phone: +44 191 415 50 00 Telefax: +44 191 415 82 78 [email protected] *)including : Ireland

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