spm 2016 exam study tips

7/25/2019 SPM 2016 Exam Study Tips

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SPM 2015 Bahasa Melayu Tips

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General Tips

Speak in Bahasa Melayu as this will help strengthen the command of the language.

Read more Bahasa Melayu novels and newspapers. ou can also improve your

proficiency !y reading "arangan !ooks.

Learn a new peri!ahasa and simpulan !ahasa every day from now till S#M. $his will

help you score e%tra marks during essay writing.

Kertas 1

Bahagian ! Karangan Berpan"u#an $angsangan%

Based on an analysis from ear &''( ) &'*+, "arangan Berpandukan Rangsangan has

always !een either on -am!ar oto/0lustrasi or -am!ar Ra1ah. amiliari2e yourself

with such formats.

Read the 3uestion carefully4 focus your essay content on the !olded words to avoid

!eing terpesong.

Be careful to not write anything !elow &'' words as this might put you at a

disadvantage.

5nything around &&' to 6'' words will !e good. Spend more time on the ne%t 3uestion

instead.

7rite one 8*9 #endahuluan, three 8+9 0si and 8*9 #enutup. $here should !e + points

given in the diagram. 0f there is lesser, you will need to come up with the remainder

point. 0f there is more points, you will need to com!ine certain points as one point.

S#M Bahasa Melayu

#aper * & hr *6 min Section 5: "arangan Berpandukan Ransangan 7rite an ;ssay !ased on the attached reference

+' Marks

Section B: "arangan Umum

7rite an ;ssay !ased on one 8*9 of the five 869 choices given

*'' Marks

#aper & & hr +' min

ovels.

*6 Marks


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Bahagian B ! Karangan Umum%

Read the


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Start the first paragraph 8#endahuluan !y A#etikan mem!incangkan..... $he 0si

$ersurat stated in the


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o Bagai minyak dengan air : $wo people that cannot Ami% or see eye)to)eye. o

Bagai murai dica!ut ekor : Someone who loves to talk. o Bagaimana acuan

!egitulah kuihnya : 5 child takes after whoever who !rings him up.o Baik mem!awa resmi padi daripada resmi lalang : 0tEs good to !e hum!le. o Berat

mata memandang !erat lagi !ahu memikul : $he !iggest suffer is on the person

who is e%periencing it.

Soalan ' ! (o)els

$he novels asked in this 3uestion are novels from orm = and orm 6.

Read up on the tema, persoalan, sinopsis, nilai murni and read the full novels at least

twice.

Paper 1

Section % Directe"

*riting General Tips

Read the 3uestion properly and 1ot down some points !efore !egin writing.

S#M B5F5S5 0>--;R0S

#aper * * hr =6 min Section 5: Cirected 7riting *


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5llocate only =6 minutes on this section. ou may want to time yourself !y

dividing your time !ased on the paragraph. $hereEs no point dwelling on

this section more than =6 minutes !ecause the ma%imum score is 1ust +6marks.

;nsure that your essay format is correct as the format gives you *6 marks.

Use all the points that are given and cross out the points that have have

already !een used. ou may ela!orate in * or & sentences.

$ry using a variety of sentences when you write this essay.

;ach points can !e ela!orated in the form of e%amples, facts, figures and

other information.

5void grammatical, spelling and punctuation error. Re)read your essay after

you finish.

,ommon Mista#es

) #oor time management. 0f you spend too much time on this section, you will not

have enough time for the following 3uestion.

) Long)winded essay. $his section 1ust re3uire you to write a short and straight

to the point writing. $he more you write, the more mistakes you will make.

ou are not re3uired to allocate * paragraph for * point. 0t can !e too lengthy.

) 0nformal languages. 5void the usage of slang words such as guys, dudes,

contractions such as cant, dont.

) lowery words. ou do not need to use too flowery or idiomatic words in this section.

Leave it to the following section of continuous writing.

Types o- ssays

) ormal Letter, 0nformal Letter, Speech/ $alk, Speech

) ou may want to learn up the common phrases or the sentence structure for

each type of essay. ;%ample: 80nformal Letter: 0 hope this letter finds you in

the pink 8of health9.


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Section B% ,ontinuous

*riting Gui"elines

6 3uestions will !e given. Usually & 3uestions are argumentative/ factual essay,

& are narrative/descriptive essay and * word)topic essay.

@hoose the one that you are confident with.

$o score in this section, your essay needs to !e free from grammar error, variety

of sentence structure, wide voca!ulary, relevant points, coherent in

paragraphing, well organise and the essay shows originality as well as

interesting.

Tips /or Scoring *ell

;%cellent -rammar: know your past tense, past)participle, spelling and

punctuation

Iariety of sentence structures: ou can play around with active/passive voice.

ou can structure a simple, comple%, compound sentences depends on your

preference.

7ide Ioca!ulary: Use synonyms for the common words such as happy, you can

replace this word with delighted, 1oyful or hungry to famished.

Relevant points: Co ensure that you donEt run out of topic when answering the

essay. $herefore, it is important that you 1ot down the points !eforehand.


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@oherent #aragraphs: $he flow of your paragraphs need to !e in smooth. $ry

not to hop on to different points !etween the paragraphs. $he marker will !e

confuse. Driginality: our story needs to !e plotted well. 0t needs to have a clima% that

can keep the readerEs attention. 0n other words, do not !ore the marker.


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Paper 2

Section % ecti)e 3uestions

This part of the paper is also one of the easiest to score. Therefore, read carefully.

Stimuli 4 Graphic Materials) Basically this part of the paper is the easiest to score. 0f possi!le try to nail all the

3uestions right.

) Co more practices from the revision !ooks.

) 7hen answering, narrow down your answers !y eliminating wrong options that are

given.

$ational ,loe

) Use the process of elimination to determine the right answer.

Section B%6n-ormation Trans-er

) @arefully analyse the material given in the paper.

) 7hen answering, try not to use your own words !ut you can copy e%actly the same

from the material shown.

) our answer needs to !e clear and precise. 5void unnecessary details and writing

e%tra answers.

) Most importantly, avoid spelling mistakes.

Section ,% $ea"ing ,omprehension 7ong Te8t an" pen n"e" 3uestion

) Read the 3uestions and the passage carefully.

) 5s you read the passage, you can underline which are the important facts.

) 0f 3uestions doesnEt re3uires you to write down your own opinion, you may copy

directly from the passage.

) 0f 3uestions wants your person opinion, structure your answers carefully. Dnly write

down relevant and logic answers.

) our answer needs to !e clear and precise. 5void unnecessary details and writing

e%tra answers.

) Most importantly, avoid spelling mistakes.


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Summary *riting

) irstly, read the 3uestions !efore you read the passage.

) $his will help you identify the important points that is needed from the 3uestions.

Co underline when the points are identified.

) Dpening and @losing is not needed. $his is a continuous writing, you should notanswer this section in point form.

) $ry identifying *' points and omit the e%amples and ela!orations.

) @alculate your word count and ensure it doesn e%ceeds *+' words. @onvert long

phrases to short sentences. $his will reduce your word count. Co write your word

count !elow your answer.

Section D% 7iterature *riting 9Poem:

Structure $esponse

) or this part of the paper, try imagining yourself in the poet perspective.

) ou should translate the poem and simplified it to your own words.

) our answers can !e short and precise.

) 5void spelling error.

(o)el

) Before e%ams, you should !e very familiar on the novel and covered all the 3uestions from

the revision !ooks.

) Usually the 3uestions revolves around 8$hemes / Settings / #lot /

@haracters / Moral values / Lessons9. $herefore, you have to understand !eforehand the

ins and outs of the novel.

) 7hen you write down the points, your answer should !e related !ack to the novel.

#erhaps, you can related it to the character. $his will show the marker you are a!le

to apply what youEve understood from the novel.

) 0ts advisa!le that you write + points of ela!oration and * personal view. ou may

write more than that !ut !e careful not to write wrong points. $hough marks will not

!e deducted !ut it affects the markerEs impression on you understanding towards

the novel.

) our answers must !e in full sentences. Structure your sentences in proper

grammar and avoid spelling mistakes.

S#M B5F5S5 @0>5

#aper * * hr =6 min Section 5: #ractical 7riting +' MarksSection B: @ontinuous 7riting (' Marks

#aper & & hr *6 min Section 5: Modern $e%t @omprehension 6 Marks

Section B: @lassical $e%t @omprehension &6 MarksSection @: 0dioms *' Marks


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Paper 1

P$P$T6(%

) Remem!er formats of ormal Letters, Reports G >otice.

) Memorise sentences that are commonly used 8refer to revision !ooks G model

answers9. 5pply in your essay.

o5lways apply the 0mportant details: time, date, venue, o!1ective,

invitation 8included in the essay9

*;( (S*$6(G

) & 3uestions ) Dnly answer the the 3uestion that youEre more confident at.

) 0f & were answered, e%aminer will only mark the first essay.

) )oi"% 6n-ormal 7anguages< ;anyu PinyinD$ allowed to write e%tra solutions / answers. Marks will !e >D$ given for

the correct solutions / answers, and marks will !e deducted for wrong solutions /answers.

Section % MUST K(* TP6,S

Solid -eometry

o @om!ined solid is the total volumes of the solids o Remaining solid is the

su!traction of !igger solid and smaller solid

@ircles

o #erimeter O &nr o

5rea O nr&

Linear ;3uations

o ;3ualise the same unknown 8e.g. %9 and take it out. o Solve the other unknown 8e.g.

y9 and !ack to solving the first unknown 8e.g. %9.


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Mathematical Reasoning

o Cetermine whether a given sentence is a statement. o Cetermine whether a statement

is true or false. o @onstructing statements using num!ers and sym!ols. o


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T y)a%is is fre3uency

o re3uency #olygon 8ear &''9

T %)a%is is midpoint

T y)a%is is fre3uency o Dgive 8ear &''(9

T %)a%is is upper !oundary

T y)a%is is cumulative fre3uency

T additional upper !oundary should !e added to the ta!le

T %)a%is and y)a%is should !e stated in the graph

-raphs of unctions

o Linear unctions 8less likely to come out as itEs a straight line after plotted9

T y O a% N c

o autical mile is the unit used to descri!e the distance !etween two points along the

common longitude. o >autical mile O Cistance !etween latitudes % ' #lans and ;levations

o Drthogonal #ro1ections

T $he edge which can !e seen from view direction is drawn as a full line.

T $he edge which is hidden from view direction is drawn as a

dashed line 8..........9.

o #lans and ;levations

T #lan is looked from a!ove.

T ;levation is looked from the side of the solid.T $he length and the edge 85B@C9 should !e stated correctly.


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General Tips

;%press your answer in fraction or decimal accordingly as per instruction.

o Round up to at least = significant figures for final answers with infinite decimal places.

o Marks can !e deducted if final answer is less accurate.

or 3uestions involving #i, read the instruction and use the right #i value 8&&/( or

+.*=&9.

or 3uestions involving diagrams, include all the important details on the diagram.

ou are allowed to write e%tra solutions / answers. Marks will !e given for the correct

solutions / answers, and no marks will !e deducted for wrong solutions / answers.

or a part of the 3uestion that re3uire to use answer from the previous part of the

3uestion, if your answer for the previous part is wrong and you use it for this part,

you will still get marks for correct workings although you will not get marks for the

final answer.

General Tips% Paper 1

0t is not compulsory to write full workings. ou will !e given full marks if your final

answer is correct.

Fowever, you are strongly advised to write full workings as they might earn you

some marks if your final answer is wrong.

S#M 5CC0$0D>5L M5$F;M5$0@S

#aper * &hr &6 Short


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General Tips% Paper 2

0f you have the time, answer all the 6 3uestions in Section B.

o $he e%aminer will mark all 6 answers and choose the = answers with the

highest marks.

0f you have the time, answer an e%tra 3uestion in Section @.

o $he e%aminer will mark all + answers and choose the & answers with the

highest marks.

o5 common strategy to tackle Section @ would !e to master !oth orm = topics

8Solution of $riangles and 0nde% >um!er9 and study one of the orm 6

topics 8Motion along a Straight Line and Linear #rogramming9 as your !ack)

up plan if you have e%tra time.

Show all the workings and do not skip any important steps for every3uestions

o Dne 8*9 mark is given to each important step and the final answer.

o 0f you miss an important step, mark for that step will not !e given. Fowever,

you will still !e given marks for the correct su!se3uent steps and final

answer.

o @orrect answer without workings will get * mark.

Paper 1 1 hr 15 min Multiple ,hoice 3uestions + 50 3uestions 50 Mar#s

Paper 2 2 hr &0 min Section % Structure" $esponse

+ 5 3uestions

Section B% ssay

+ ,hoose any 2 3uestions out o- total '

F0 Mar#s

'0 Mar#s

Paper & 1 hr &0 min *ritten Practical+ Structure" 3uestion

o 1 3uestion ith su!Huestions+ ssay 3uestion

&& Mar#s

1I Mar#s

Total 200 Mar#s

Topic(D - Definitely Tested;

C - Commonly Tested)

P1 P29: P29B: P29,: /orm

12 Topics to Study First

Quadratic Equations D C

Quadratic Functions D C

Coordinate !eometry D C C

Statistics D C

Circular "easures D C

Differentiation D C C

#ro$ressions D C %

&inear &a' D C %

nte$ration D C C %

ector D C C %

Tri$onometric Functions D C %

#ro*a*ility Distri*utions D C %

% Topics to Study +e,t

Functions D

Simultaneous Equations C

ndices and &o$aritms D

#ermutations andCom*inations

D %

#ro*a*ility D %

Coose 2 Topics to Study

Solution of Trian$les D

nde, +um*er D

"otion alon$ a Strai$t &ine D %

&inear #ro$rammin$ D %


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General Tips

#hysics is an elective su!1ect taken !y all pure science students and anyone

looking to pursue sciences in their higher education. 0t is especially important for

medicine and engineering.

$he total marks for all paper is &'' marks. $his means that 1 mar# aar"e" is

actually a mar#. $hus it is essential to focus on scoring well in paper & and paper

+.

Coing well in #aper & and #aper + will guarantee a pass to a B. Use #aper * to

push your grade to an 5.

@hemistry re3uires thorough understanding ) you must understand the reactions of

su!stances and compounds.

ou must take part in all la! activity and e%periments conducted in school

!ecause these practicals are essential for #aper + ) as you must recreate themstep)!y)step in the form of an essay.

Use outu!e videos to visualise models for !etter understanding. Use some of the

institutes !elow to help you.

o $utorvista o

-uide$uition o "han

5cademy

Jou must use correct units o- measurements.

Co not waste time studying @hapter * of orm = as no 3uestion has ever !een set

from there. Vump directly into @hapter &.


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M PP$S 2011 ! 201& (7JS6S

@hapters

>um!er of


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Paper 1

5lways remove the answers you know arenEt possi!le and narrow down possi!le answers

to increase pro!a!ility of correct answers.

Be careful of words like Pe8cept, Pall utE Phich o- the -olloing is notE and other

keywords that can trick you to choose the wrong answers.


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Paper 2% Must Stu"y Topics

orm =:

@hapter &

@hapter +

orm 6:

@hapter =

@hapter 6

Paper & 3uestion 1

Understand and know what e%actly the 3uestion is asking for.

-rammatical errors will not affect yours marks as long as the e%aminer understands what

you are writing.

Do not use any short -orms in your anser< or are)iations ithout -irst

e8plaining them. The only time this is acceptale is hen using -or metric units.

5ll chemical compounds should !e written fully !efore writing in formula.

@alculations must show full workings as skipping steps will result in marks deduction.

Ma#e sure to use the correct units.

nser in complete sentences as marks allocated for each part of the 3uestion is

always +. Marks are given !ased on the 3uality of your answer, so it does actually depend

on the num!er of points in your answer.

ou can write e%tra points in your answer !ut take care that your points do not contradict

one another as marks may !e deducted.

>umerical data from instruments should -ollo the "ecimal places o- the instrument in

the correct unit. or e%ample, if recording the temperature from a thermometer that gives

measurements to the '.'*W, then your answer should also !e in two decimal places.

8is on graphs must e title" an" gi)en units ith proper scale. Jour graph shoul"

e at least E o- the graph paper.

7here possi!le to draw your straight or curved line to all points, do so, if not, use !est)fit or

straight lines if you need to connect them, !ased on the 3uestion.

3uestion 2

Cesign a suita!le e%periment !ased on the 3uestionEs re3uirements


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our answer must include:

o5im

o #ro!lem Statement o Fypothesis o

Iaria!les

T State which are the manipulated, responding and fi%ed varia!les.

o List of Materials G 5pparatus

T State amount 8with correct unit9 and concentration of su!stances

o Cata $a!ulation

T Cata should !e ta!le of responding and manipulated varia!les.

T ou do not need to enter actual data, 1ust show the recording ta!le.

General Tips

@hemistry is an elective su!1ect taken !y all pure science students and

anyone looking to pursue sciences in their higher education.

$he total marks for all paper is &'' marks. $his means that 1 mar# aar"e" is

actually a mar#. $hus it is essential to focus on scoring well in paper & and

paper +.

Coing well in #aper & and #aper + will guarantee a pass to a B. Use #aper * to

push your grade to an 5.

@hemistry re3uires thorough understanding ) you must understand the reactions of

su!stances and compounds.

ou must take part in all la! activity and e%periments conducted in school

!ecause these practicals are essential for #aper + ) as you must recreate them

step)!y)step in the form of an essay.



SPM ,;M6ST$J

Paper 1 1 hr 15 min

Multiple ,hoice 3uestions + 50 3uestions

50 Mar#s

Paper 2 2 hr &0 min

Section % Structure" $esponse

+ 5 3uestions

Section B% ssay

+ ,hoose any 2 3uestions out o- total '

F0 Mar#s

'0 Mar#s

Paper & 1 hr &0 min*ritten Practical

+ Structure" 3uestion

o 1 3uestion ith su!Huestions

+ ssay 3uestion

&& Mar#s

1I Mar#s

Total 200 Mar#s


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o $utorvista o

-uide$uition o

"han 5cademy

Jou must use correct -ormulas 9i.e @D&for car!on dio%ide, not &@D:) as the

misplacing formulas can change the meaning of the su!stance. Co not waste time studying @hapter * of orm = as no 3uestion has ever !een set



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SPM PP$S 2011 ! 201& (7JS6S

,hapters

(umer o- 3uestions

#aper *#aper &

#aper +

Section 5 Section B Section @

P** P*& *+ P** P*& *+ P** P*& *+ P** P*& *+ P** P*& *+

' 5 '1

!1

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I 5 ' !1

! ! !

'2 1 1 1 1

! !

5 ' ' !

1 1

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' 5 '1 1 1

! !

' ' 51

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2 1 1! ! !

1!

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5 ! ! !1

!

& & '

1

! ! ! !

1

!

'F F

!1 1

! !1

!

& IF 1

! ! !1

!1

' ' & ! ! !1

! ! !

2 2 2!

1 1! ! ! !

6' 6' 6' & +

/$M '

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,; &

,; '

,; 5

,; F

,; I

,; L

,;

/$M 5

,; 1 ,;

2 ,; &

,; ' ,;

5 TT7


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Paper 1

5lways remove the answers you know arenEt possi!le and narrow down possi!le

answers to increase pro!a!ility of correct answers.




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UniCigest() .co*


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o Fowever, if your answer is wrong !ut you provide some correct workings, you

will get some marks for the correct workings.

Jou are alloe" to anser in tale -orm or short sentences ) grammar is not a

concern !ut misspelling names may result in your answer !eing incorrectly marked.

ou can also use diagrams, e3uations or graphs where suita!le Do not not anser in point -orm. $here is no penalty for answering in point form,

!ut some ine%perienced e%aminers may deduct your marks if you do so.

Make sure you know the difference !etween the following:

o State) Usually * mark 3uestion. Vust answer the 3uestion directly. >o further

information necessary.

o Cefine) -ive the standard definition using !iological words and keywords.

o Cescri!e) Simply write what you see.

o ;%plain) ;la!orate on how and why the process is happening and what it

means.

o Suggest) Based on your knowledge of the topic, you must apply it to solve the

pro!lem in the 3uestion. 5s long as your answer is logical and relevant to

the 3uestion, you should gain marks for this.

Paper 2% Must

Stu"y Topics

orm =:

@hapter =

@hapter

orm 6:

@hapter &

@hapter 6

i


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Paper &O

(#.#E/ T0/EE && E /E#&.CED 3 &. TEST 4T T0ESE T#S ./E

4SEF4& T5 !4DE 354)

3uestion 1 Understand and know what e%actly the 3uestion is asking for.

-rammatical errors will not affect yours marks as long as the e%aminer understands

what you are writing.


e8plaining them. The only time this is acceptale is hen using -or metric

units.


@alculations must show full workings as skipping steps will result in marks

deduction. Ma#e sure to use the correct units. nser in complete sentences as marks allocated for each part of the 3uestion is

always +. Marks are given !ased on the 3uality of your answer, so it does actually

depend on the num!er of points in your answer.

ou can write e%tra points in your answer !ut take care that your points do not

contradict one another as marks may !e deducted.

>umerical data from instruments should -ollo the "ecimal places o- the

instrument in the correct unit. or e%ample, if recording the temperature from a

thermometer that gives measurements to the '.'*W, then your answer should also

!e in two decimal places. 8is on graphs must e title" an" gi)en units ith proper scale. Jour graph

shoul" e at least E o- the graph paper.

7here possi!le to draw your straight or curved line to all points, do so, if not, use

!est)fit or straight lines if you need to connect them, !ased on the 3uestion.

3uestion 2



o5im

o #ro!lem Statement o Fypothesis

o Iaria!les




o Cata $a!ulation




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Biology is an elective su!1ect taken !y all pure science students and anyone

looking to pursue health/life sciences in their higher education.

$he total marks for all paper is &'' marks. $his means that 1 mar#

aar"e" is actually a mar#. $hus it is essential to focus on scoring well

in paper & and paper +.

Coing well in #aper & and #aper + will guarantee a pass to a B. Use #aper

* to push your grade to an 5.

Biology re3uires memorisation through understanding ) if you view your

topics as a single story a!out life, it is much easier to connect your learning.

ou must take part in all la! activity and e%periments conducted in

school !ecause these practicals are essential for #aper + ) as you must

recreate them step)!y)step in the form of an essay.

Use outu!e videos to visualise models for !etter understanding. Use some

of the institutes !elow to help you.

o $utorvista o

-uide$uitiono "han

5cademy

Jou must use correct iological terms -or o"y parts an" processes !

as the marking scheme is !ased on keywords and not understanding

of theory, this means you must memorise the terms while !eing a!le to

understand and e%plain processes.

Co not waste time studying @hapter * of orm = as no 3uestion has ever

!een set from there. Vump directly into @hapter &.

SPM B67GJ

#aper * * hr *6 min

Multiple @hoice


33/81

SPM PP$S 2011 ! 201& (7JS6S

@hapters

>um!er of


34/81

Paper 1

5lways remove the answers you know arenEt possi!le and narrow down

possi!le answers to increase pro!a!ility of correct answers.




35/81

o Fowever, if your answer is wrong !ut you provide some correct workings, you

will get some marks for the correct workings.

Jou are alloe" to anser in tale -orm or short sentences ) grammar is not a

concern !ut misspelling names may result in your answer !eing incorrectly marked.

ou can also use diagrams, e3uations or graphs where suita!le Do not not anser in point -orm. $here is no penalty for answering in point form,

!ut some ine%perienced e%aminers may deduct your marks if you do so.

Make sure you know the difference !etween the following:





o ;%plain) ;la!orate on how and why the process is happening and what it

means.

o Suggest) Based on your knowledge of the topic, you must apply it to solve

the pro!lem in the 3uestion. 5s long as your answer is logical and relevant

to the 3uestion, you should gain marks for this.

o See the e%ample !elow:

*. State the organ where the alveoli is found.

a. Lungs.

&. Cefine respiration.

a. 5 process of living organisms involving the production of energy,

typically with the intake of o%ygen and the release of car!on

dio%ide from the o%idation of comple% organic su!stances.

+. Cescri!e the function of alveoli.

a. $he function of the alveoli is to assist in o%ygen e%change !y

providing a large surface area.=. ;%plain how o%ygen and car!on dio%ide is e%changed in the alveoli.

a. $he change in partial pressurefrom the alveoli 8high

concentration9 to the capillaries 8low concentration9 drives the

o%ygen into the tissueand the car!on dio%ide into the


orm =:

@hapter & ) @ell Structure

@hapter 6 ) Meiosis G Mitosis @hapter H ) Cynamic ;cosystem


36/81

orm 6:

@hapter * ) $ransport

@hapter = ) 0nheritance

!lood8high concentration9 from the tissues 8low

concentration9, which is then returned to the lungs and

e%haled.

6. Suggest how alveoli are similar to leaves in the photosynthesis process.

a. $hey !oth ma%imi2e the ratio of surface area to volume to try to

facilitate some type of e%change. 0n the case of a leaf, it has a

large surface area to help ma%imi2e the amount sunlight that it

can capture to produce food via photosynthesis. 0n the case of

alveoli, the more surface area there is in the alveoli, the faster

and more efficiently the gas e%change happens.

Paper &

(#.#E/ T0/EE && E /E#&.CED 3 &. TEST 4T T0ESE T#S ./E

4SEF4& T5 !4DE 354)

3uestion 1

Understand and know what e%actly the 3uestion is asking for.

-rammatical errors will not affect yours marks as long as the e%aminer understands

what you are writing.


e8plaining them. The only time this is acceptale is hen using -or metric

units.


@alculations must show full workings as skipping steps will result in marksdeduction. Ma#e sure to use the correct units.

nser in complete sentences as marks allocated for each part of the 3uestion

is always +. Marks are given !ased on the 3uality of your answer, so it does

actually depend on the num!er of points in your answer.

ou can write e%tra points in your answer !ut take care that your points do not

contradict one another as marks may !e deducted.

>umerical data from instruments should -ollo the "ecimal places o- the

instrument in the correct unit. or e%ample, if recording the temperature from a

thermometer that gives measurements to the '.'*W, then your answer should also

!e in two decimal places.


37/81

8is on graphs must e title" an" gi)en units ith proper scale. Jour graph

shoul" e at least E o- the graph paper.

7here possi!le to draw your straight or curved line to all points, do so, if not, use

!est)fit or straight lines if you need to connect them, !ased on the 3uestion.

3uestion 2



o5im

o #ro!lem Statement o Fypothesis

o Iaria!les




o Cata $a!ulation



General Tips

Science is a compulsory su!1ect taken !y all non)pure science students.

$he total marks for all paper is *+' marks. $he !alance marks will !e awarded via

a la! practical. $his means that 1 mar# aar"e" is 12 mar#. $hus it is essential

to focus on scoring well in !oth paper * and paper &.

Science re3uires memorisation through understanding ) you must know key

concepts.



S#M S@0;>@;

#aper * * hr *6 minMultiple choice ) 6' 3uestions

6' Marks

#aper & & hr +' min

Section 5: Structure Response ) =


38/81

o $utorvista o

-uide$uition o

"han 5cademy

Jou must use correct iological terms -or o"y parts an" processes< correct

chemistry notations -or sustances< an" correct units -or calculations an"measurements ) as the marking scheme is !ased on keywords and not

understanding of theory, this means you must memorise the terms while !eing

a!le to understand and e%plain processes.

Co not waste time studying @hapter * of orm = as no 3uestion has ever !een set



39/81

SPM PP$S 2011 ! 201& (7JS6S

,hapters

(umer o- 3uestions

#aper *#aper &

Section 5 Section B Section @

P***&

*+** *&

*+** *&

*+** *&

*+

/$M '

@F * ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

@F & = 6 = ) ) )* * *

) ) )

@F + = = 6*

) ) )*

) ) ) )

@F = = = = ) ) ) ) ) ) )* *

@F 6 + = =* * *

) ) ) )) )

@F + + + ) )*

* *) ) )

@F ( + + = )*

) ) )* ) *

@F H + + + ) ) *) ) ) ) ) )

/$M 5

@F * + + + * ) * ) ) ) ) * )

@F & + + + )*

) ) ) )*

) )

@F + + + + ) ) )*

) ) ) ) )

@F = 6 + + ) ) ) ) ) )*

)*

@F 6 = 6 =* * *

)

@F +& &

) ) )*

) ) )*

)

@F ( +& &

) ) )*

)*

@F H & + + ) ) ) ) * ) ) ) )

$D$5L 6' 6' 6' = = = 6 6 6 + + +


40/81

Paper 1

5lways remove the answers you know arenEt possi!le and narrow down possi!le answers

to increase pro!a!ility of correct answers.

Be careful of words like Pe8cept, Pall utE Phich o- the -olloing is notE and otherkeywords that can trick you to choose the wrong answers.


41/81

Jou are alloe" to anser in tale -orm or short sentences ) grammar is not a concern

!ut misspelling names may result in your answer !eing incorrectly marked. ou can also

use diagrams, e3uations or graphs where suita!le

Do not not anser in point -orm. $here is no penalty for answering in point form, !ut

some ine%perienced e%aminers may deduct your marks if you do so. Make sure you know the difference !etween the following:





o ;%plain) ;la!orate on how and why the process is happening and what it means.

o Suggest) Based on your knowledge of the topic, you must apply it to solve the

pro!lem in the 3uestion. 5s long as your answer is logical and relevant to the

3uestion, you should gain marks for this.


orm =:

@hapter & ) Body @oordination

@hapter 6 ) ;nergy G @hemical

@hanges

@hapter ) >uclear ;nergy

orm 6:

@hapter = ) @ar!on @ompounds

@hapter 6 ) Motion


42/81

SPM 2015 Pen"i"i#an Moral Tips


ote that /endidi0an %oral consists only of one paper, *ade of 1 parts2 3ection - and

3ection B that needs to 4e ans5ered in 1 hours and 67 *inutes.

General Tips

*. ilai in the

sylla!us together with the ACefinisi and A"ata "unci. ;verything a!out these +

A>ilai will help you in scoring for your paper so make sure to memori2e the e%act

thing as per the sylla!us, from the spelling up to the Aim!uhan. Dn top of that, take

time to understand a!out each A>ilai. 0f you cannot understand the meaning of each

A>ilai !y yourself, ask your teachers and friends. Listening to different peopleEs

perspective on how they understand certain things will give you a very !road

understanding.

&. Start !y doing the 3uestions topic !y topic, A>ilai !y A>ilai so that you know where

you need to improve yourself further on. 7hen you think you have sufficiently

understand all the topics, you can proceed with doing S#M model test papers, past

year S#M trial 3uestions and past year actual S#M 3uestions.

+. Co refer to the marketing scheme of past year S#M trial papers so that you

understand how scores are given for each 3uestion. $his is important so that you can

formulate your strategy in answering those 3uestions which help you tremendously in

ma%imi2ing your chances of getting marks for your answers.

Section Tips%

*. #art 5: ilai re3uire you to use only the A>ilai in the sylla!us and this

is where understanding what each A>ilai meant plays a very important role. By

choosing the most suita!le and relevant A>ilai, you will !e a!le to answer the

3uestions accordingly. Cepending on the 3uestion and the marks allocated for the

3uestion, the answers are usually separated into these + elements: A>ilai,

A#enerangan and A@ontoh.

* A>ilai O * Mark : ou only need to list the A>ilai * A>ilaiX O & Marks : ou will need to list

the A>ilaiX and A#eneranganX

* A>ilaiX O + Marks : ou will need to list the A>ilaiX, A#eneranganX and A@ontohX

SPM P(D6D6K( M$7

#aper * & hr +' min Section 5: H 3uestions 8Must answer all9 *''YSection B: + 3uestions 8@hoose &9


43/81



&. #art 5: 7ays to answer following elements:

>ilai : ou should include the word A>ilaiX in front of the A>ilaiX that you wrote #enerangan :

0nclude the situation and one A"ata "unciX of the A>ilaiX

@ontoh : 0nclude an e%ample that can allow the individual to relate to the A#eneranganX

+. #art 5: $he spelling, Aim!uhanX and AsusunanX must !e the same for all A>ilaiX,

A"ata "unciX and ASituasiX. $he ACefinisi >ilaiX must also !e the e%act definition as

per the sylla!us. Dnce again, any grammatical and spelling errors may result in

deduction of your marks 8which is very easy in #endidikan Moral9, hence you want

to !e as careful as you can !e.

=. #art 5: Dpinionated 3uestions, re3uire you to give your own ideas. $hat is how !y

listening to different peopleEs perspective on how they understand certain things will

give you a very !road understanding4 which will allow you to provide a very relevante%planation. $his is where sometimes even if your A>ilaiX might not !e particularly

accurate on first glance, your e%planation may give them a newer perspective and

understanding. Being specific is the key here4 instead of giving a general idea.

6. #art 5:


44/81



Section B Tips

*. #art B: ilai might not !e particularly accurate on first

glance, your e%planation may give them a newer perspective and understanding.

Being specific is the key here4 instead of giving a general idea.

+. #art B: Similar to #art 5, depending on the 3uestion and the marks allocated for the

3uestion, the answers are usually separated into these + elements: Aakta,

AFuraian and AFuraian Lan1ut.

6 answers : ou will need to give 6 Aakta and 6 AFuraian

+ answers : ou will need to give + Aakta, + AFuraian and + AFuraian Lan1ut

=. #art B: Similar to #art 5, 3uestions on A>ilai re3uire you to use only the A>ilai in

the sylla!us and this is where understanding what each A>ilai meant plays a very

important role. By choosing the most suita!le and relevant A>ilai, you will !e a!le toanswer the 3uestions accordingly. Cepending on the 3uestion and the marks

allocated for the 3uestion, the answers are usually separated into these + elements:

A>ilai, A#enerangan and A@ontoh.

6. 0M#DR$5>$ R;M0>C;R: $he spelling, Aim!uhan and Asusunan must !e the

same for all A>ilai, A"ata "unci and ASituasi. $he ACefinisi >ilai must also !e the

e%act definition as per the sylla!us. Dnce again, any grammatical and spelling

errors may result in deduction of your marks 8which is very easy in #endidikan

Moral9, hence you want to !e as careful as you can !e.

S($6 (676 M$7 B6D(G 1 !

P$KMB(G( D6$6

1.1 KP$,J( KPD TU;(

"eyakinan wu1udnya $uhan se!agai

pencipta alam dan mematuhi segala

suruhan >ya !erlandaskan pegangan

agama masing)masing selaras dengan

prinsip Rukun >egara

1.2 M(;

Sikap !ertanggung1awa! yang !oleh

menim!ulkan kepercayaan dan keyakinan

orang lain

1.& ;$G D6$6

"eupayaan dan keyakinan diri agar

mampu memulia dan men1aga maruah diri

dalam kehidupan


45/81



1.' B$T(GGU(G*B

"esanggupan diri seseorang untuk

memikul dan melaksanakan tugas serta

kewa1ipan dengan sempurna

1.5 ;M; T6(GG6

Beradap sopan dan !er!udi pekerti mulia

dalam pergaulan seharian

1.F T7$(S6

"esanggupan !ertolak ansur, sa!ar dan

mengawa l d i r i !ag i menge lakkan

! e rl a ku n ya pertelingkahan dan

perselisihan faham demi kese1ahteraan

hidup

1.I B$D6K$6

"e!olehan dan kesanggupan melakukan

sesuat u tanpa !ergantung kepada

orang lain

1.L K$6((

Usaha yang !erterusan penuh dengan

semangat ketekunan, kecekalan, kegigihan,

dedikasi dan !erdaya ma1u dalam

melakukan sesuatu perkara

1. KS6; SJ(G

"epekaan dan perasaan cinta yang

mendalam serta !erkekalan yang lahir

daripada hati yang ikhlas

1.10 KD67(

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serta tidak !erat se!elah

1.11 $S6(7

Boleh !erfikir !erdasarkan alasan dan !ukti

yang nyata dan dapat mengam!il tindakan

!erasaskan pertim!angan yang wa1ar

1.12 KSD$;((

Bersikap tidak keterlaluan dalam

m e m ! u a t p e r t i m ! a n g a n d a n t i n d

akan sam a ad a d a l am

pemik i r an , pe r t u t u ran a t auperlakuan tanpa menga!aikan kepentingan

diri dan orang lain

B6D(G 2 ! KK7U$G(

2.1 KS6; SJ(G T$;DP

K7U$G

#erasaan cinta, kasih dan sayang yang

mendalam dan !erkekalan terhadap

keluarga

2.2 ;$MT D( TT KPD

(GGT K7U$G

Memu l i akan se t iap anggot a

keluarga dengan !erinteraksi dan mem!eri

layanan secara !ersopan untuk

mewu1udkan keluarga yang harmoni

2.& M(GK7K( T$D6S6

KK7U$G(M en er im a, m en gh or m at i d an

mengamalkan sesuatu ke!iasaan, adat dan

kepercayaan yang diwarisi s ecar a tu run

te mu ru n da la m keluarga

2 . ' T ( G G U ( G * B

T$;DP K7U$G

"ewa1ipan yang harus dilaksanakan o leh

setiap i n d i vi d u t e r h ad a p keluargauntuk melahirkan keluarga !ahagia,

meningkatkan ime1 dan men1aga meruah

keluarga

B6D(G & ! 7M SK6T$


46/81



& . 1 M ( J J ( G 6 D (

M(G;$G6 7M SK6T$

"eseda ran t en t ang pe r l unya

memelihara dan memulihara alam

s ek el i l in g u nt uk m en ge ka lk ankeseim!angan ekosistem

&.2 K;$M(6( (T$

M ( U S 6 D ( G ( 7 M

SK6T$

"eadaan sa l i ng memer lukan

hu!ungan harmonis antara manusia

dengan alam sekeliling supaya kualiti

kehidupan manusia dan alam sekelilingterpelihara

&.& KMP(( 7M SK6T$

#engekalan keseim!angan alam sekeliling

se!agai tanggung1awa! !ersama untuk

kese1ahteraan hidup

&.' PK T$;DP 6SU!6SU 7M

SK6T$

#rihatin terhadap persoalan yang !erkaitan

dengan alam sekeliling dan !erusaha

menyelesaikannyaB6D(G ' ! PT$6T6SM

=.* ,6(T K( (G$

#erasaan sayang dan !angga kepada

negara serta meletakkan kepentingan

negara mele!ihi kepentingan diri

=.& TT ST6 PD $ D(

(G$"epatuhan dan kesetiaan yang !erkekalan

kepada Ra1a dan >egara

=.+ S(GGUP B$K$B( U(TUK

(G$

" e r e l a a n m e l a k u k a n a t a u

menyerahkan sesuatu termasuk nyawa

se!agai tanda ke!aktian untuk negara

B6D(G 5 ! ;K SS6

5.1 M76(DU(G6 ;K K(K!

K(K

Mem!ela, mem!eri naungan dan

memelihara hak kanak)kanak !agi

men1amin kehidupan mereka yang

sempurna

5.2 M(G;$MT6 ;K *(6T

Melindungi dan mengiktiraf wanita se!agai

individu yang !oleh mem!eri sum!angan

dalam p e m ! a n g u n a n k e l u a r g a ,

masyarakat dan >egara

5.& M76(DU(G6 ;K PK$

Menghormati, menghargai dan mengiktiraf

perkhidmatan, 1asa dan sum!angan

golongan peker1a dalam pem!angunan

>egara

5 . ' M ( G ; $ M T 6

; K G 7 ( G (

K U $ ( G B$UPJ

Mem!eri layanan yang !ersopan kepada

golonga kurang !erupaya supaya tidak

!erasa tersisih dan mengiktiraf merekase!agai insan ciptaan $uhan

5 . 5 M 7 6 ( D U ( G 6 ; K

P(GGU(

Mem!ela dan memelihara hak individu

untuk men1adi pengguna y a n g

! e r i l m u , m e n d a p a t perkhidmatan

serta !arangan yang ! e r k u a l i t i d a n

t i d a k m u d a h dieksploitasi


47/81



B6D(G F ! DMK$S6

F.1 MMTU;6 P$TU$( D(

U(D(G!U(D(G

Menerima dan mematuhi peraturan danundang)undang yang telah ditentukan

tanpa mengira sesiapa dan di mana

seseorang itu !erada

F.2 KBBS( B$SU$

" e ! e ! a s a n ! e r u c a p d a n

mengeluarkan fikiran dengan !atasan

tertentu !agi men1aga keselamatan dan

ketenteraman

F.& KBBS( B$GM

"e!e!asan setiap individu untuk menganuti

dan mengamalkan a g a m a n y a

s e p e r t i y a n g diperuntukkan dalam

#erlem!agaan Malaysia

F.' P(G76BT( D6$6 D7M

PMB(GU(( (G$

"e!e!asan untuk meli!atkan diri d a l a m

p e l ! a g a i a k t i v i t i pem!angunan

negara dengan memetuhi peraturan,

undang) u n d a n g d a n

#er l em!agaan Ma lays ia

F.5 S6KP KT$BUK(Bersedia mem!eri dan menerima

pendangan, pem!aharuan dan kritikan

selaras dengan ke!enaran fakta dan norma

masyarakat Malaysia

B6D(G I ! KM(( D( K;$M(6(

I.1 ;6DUP B$SM S,$M(

Fidup !er!aik)!aik antara satu sama

lain dengan mengutamakan kedamaian

dan keharmonian hidup tanpa mengira

agama, !angsa dan !udaya

I.2 S76(G MMB(TU D(

BK$SM

Usaha yang !aik dan mem!ina yangdilakukan !ersama pada peringkat

individu, komuniti atau negara untuk

mencapai sesuatu matlamat

I.& S76(G M(G;$MT6 (T$(G$

Menghargai dan memuliakan hu!ungan

antara negara untuk men1amin

kese1ahteraan se1agat

S#M Se1arah

#aper * *hr =' Multiple @hoice


48/81



SPM Searah /ormat laoration

#aper *: @onsists of =' multiple choice 3uestions that needs to !e answered in * hour. $his

paper contri!utes up to +'Y of your overall S#M Se1arah mark.

#aper &: @onsists of & parts4 Section 5 and Section B that needs to !e answered in & hours

and +' minutes. Section 5 consists of = 3uestions which you have to answer all the

3uestions. ;ach 3uestion consists of *' marks. Section B consists of ( 3uestions which you

will only need to choose + 3uestions to answer. ;ach 3uestion consists of &' marks. $his

paper will contri!ute up to 6'Y of your overall S#M Se1arah mark.

#aper +: @onsist of an open)!ook test format which you will !e allowed to !ring your orm =

and orm 6 te%t!ooks and revision !ooks into the hall. ou will !e given + hours to finish this

paper. $his paper will contri!ute up to &'Y of your overall S#M Se1arah mark.

General Tips

*.


49/81



6. @onstant and consistent revision of every topic will help you to understand and

remem!er what you have read !etter. 5s the saying goes, Apractice makes perfect.

Revise as many times as you need until you can confidently answer the practice

3uestions given to you. 5lways go through the facts and e%planations !ecause you

never know what you might have forgotten4 and sometimes it even help you tounderstand !etter, hence remem!er !etter.

. Remem!er that !esides reading, you will also need to do e%ercises and practice

3uestions. 7ithout them, it will !e like watching and understanding how a foot!aller

kicks a !all without ever kicking a !all once, and thinking that you can now kick like

one. Start !y doing the 3uestions topic !y topic so that you know where you need to

improve yourself further on. 7hen you think you have sufficiently understand all the

topics, you can proceed with

doing S#M model test papers, past year S#M trial 3uestions and past year actual

S#M 3uestions.

(. Co refer to the marketing scheme of past year S#M trial papers so that you

understand how scores are given for each 3uestion. $his is important so that you

can formulate your strategy in answering those 3uestions which help you

tremendously in ma%imi2ing your chances of getting marks for your answers.

H. Revision !efore the S#M Se1arah e%am re3uires you to employ a different strategy.

Start with going through the su!topics that you feel you are the weakest at !efore

going to the su!topics that are are good at.


50/81



Q. ;very single year, there will !e so called predictions on the 3uestions that will !e

asked in the S#M Se1arah #aper &. $he predictions are 1ust that4 predictions. >ever

ever rely on predictions !ut instead, religiously read, understand and do e%ercises.

*'. inally, * month !efore the S#M Se1arah e%am, a general topic will !e release for#aper +. Look for materials from various sources such as the !ooks, newspapers,

maga2ines and the internet. Most importantly of all, discuss with your teacher and

friends a!out the topic !ecause more !rains will cut short your time needed to gather

resources and help you understand and prepare for the topic at hand faster.

Paper 1 Tips

*. $here are = 3uestions for you to choose from. Read the 3uestions properly !ecausethey might try to confuse you with 3uestions such as Athe following are the right

answer e%cept... or Awhich of this is not the right answer....

&. 7hether you are certain or not certain of the answer for the 3uestion, go through the

choices provided and cross out the wrong answers. $his will help you to have a

safety net in place in case you read the 3uestion wrongly or !etter yet, if you are not

sure of the answer, !y crossing out the wrong answers, you will get closer to the

right answer.


51/81

Paper 2 Tips

*. #art 5: 5nswering in complete sentences are not re3uired4 they are not testing your

grammar !ut you will still need to make sure that the spelling is correct and theanswers are structured properly.

&. #art 5: 7rite as many answers as you think might !e the possi!le answer !ecause

no marks are given for wrong answer4 !ut marks are given for the right answer. 5nd

every mark can make a difference for your grade.

+. #art B: Unlike in #art 5, you will need to answer in complete sentences4 essay

form. 0f you do not do so, you will have half of your marks deducted even though

you answered the 3uestion correctly. $his part is to help an individual to understandthe answer that you have written.

=. #art B: Dnce again, write as many answers as you think might !e the possi!le

answer as no marks are given for the wrong answer4 !ut marks are given for the

right answer. Remem!er that your answers need to !e in complete sentences. 0f

the 3uestion asked you to list down the facts, you will only need to list down the

facts without ela!oration. Fowever, if the 3uestion re3uires you to e%plain or

ela!orate, you should provide !oth your facts and e%planations. 5 lot of people

either wasted their time here or not getting full marks !ecause they did notunderstand the 3uestion properly.

6. #art 5 and B: Specific answer is the key here4 instead of a general idea. Minor

spelling errors will !e forgiven !ut ma1or spelling answer will have your marks

deducted. Most importantly, avoid short forms which you might encounter in

reference !ooks.

Paper & Tips

*. Bring in any material that is relevant to you for this paper from te%t!ooks, reference

!ooks and any other relevant materials.

&. or this part, usually the scoring for the answer is separated into a 6':6' format.

6'Y will !e for the facts that you provided while the other 6'Y is for your opinion.

$his is where the discussion with your teachers and friends will help a lot. our

opinions have to !e logical and relevant4 and this goes !ack to how your e%press

your opinion and the reasoning !ehind it.


52/81

+. Similar to S#M Se1arah #aper & #art B, you will need to answer in continuous

writing form and in complete sentences. Minor spelling errors will !e forgiven !ut

ma1or spelling answer will have your marks deducted. Most importantly, avoid short

forms which you might encounter in reference !ooks.

=. $he challenge that most people face for this paper is the difficulty in organi2ing too

much information to !e presented in a short and concise format, in the allocated

time. >ever focus on putting as many possi!le answers on the paper as possi!le

!ut focus on getting as many Ahighly pro!a!le answer in the format re3uired !y

the 3uestion as possi!le. 5nother suggestion would !e to limit the Areference

material that you !ring into the e%amination hall4 this way you will !e forced to rely

on the reference material which will allow focus instead of trying to get reference

from all sources.

P$ T6P DQ6,%

Ma#e sure to e ell )erse" in the history o-

Tama"un 6slam an" Malayan Union< as it is apopular topicN


53/81

Cokumen #erniagaan

*. Soalan ini seolah)olah men1adi soalan utama dan wa1i! dikuasi oleh setiap calon

kerana ia menghasilkan 1umlah markah yang ter!anyak iaitu &Q markah.Biasanya soalan ini mem!erikan dokumen)dokumen perniagaan antara *+

hinggs *6 1umlahnya. 5ntaranya ialah 0nvois 8Vualan dan Belian9, resit rasmi,

penyata akaun, keratan cek, slip !ank, !il tunai, !aucer, nota kredit, nota de!it,

memo, dan lain)lain.

&. @alon dikehendaki merekod semua urusniaga !erdasarkan dokumen) dokumen

terse!ut ke dalam !uku)!uku catatan pertama 81urnal9 dan seterusnya mem!uat

posting ke akaun)akaun le1ar yang !erkenaan.

5khirnya calon dikehendaki menyediakan 0m!angan Cuga !erdasatkan !aki) !akiakhir dalam akaun)akaun le1ar.

+. Vika calon)calon !enar)!enar meneliti semua kertas soalan yang lepas, adalah

didapati !ahawa semua dokumen yang di!eri disusun mengikut tarikh menaik.

Dleh itu se!agai panduan umum, !agi memudahkan calon men1awa!, calon)

calon hendaklah menyelesaikan soalan ini satu demi satu !erdasarkan dokumen

yang di!eri mengikut susunan seperti dalam soalan. Cengan cara ini dapat

mengelakkan calon daripada tertinggal mencatatkan mana)mana urusniaga.

=. Buku)!uku catatan pertama yang dimaksudkan ialah:

a. Vurnal 5mVurnal

!. Belian Vurnal

c. Vualan Vurnal

d. #ulangan Belian

e. Vurnal #ulangan Vualan

f. Buku $unai 8dua atau tiga ruangan9

g. Buku $unai Runcit

S#M #R0>S0# #;R5"5U>5>

#aper * * hr *6 min =' Multiple @hoice


54/81

6. Dleh hal yang demikian calon hendaklah mengetahui di dalam !uku catatan

pertama manakah setiap urusniaga yang di!erikan itu perlu direkodkan. Merekod

urusniaga ke dalam 1urnal)1urnal yang salah akan mengaki!atkan calon

kehilangan markah. Vuga kesilapan merekod sesuatu urusniaga ke dalam 1ernalle!ih daripada satu kali akan mengaki!atkan calon tidak mendapat markah

8kecuali modal permulaan perniagaan dan catatan pem!ukaan9 !oleh direkod dua

kali 8dalam 1urnal am dan !uku tunai9. @alon dianggap meneka 1ika mereka

merekod sesuatu urusniaga dua kali atau le!ih, yang mengaki!atkan kedua)dua

catatan yang di!uat itu dianggap salah dan tidak di!eri se!arang markah.

#anduan)panduan !erikut perlu di!eri perhatian olah calon apa!ila merekod

urusniaga ke dalam 1urnal)1urnal:

Jurnal -*

$a1uk Vurnal 5m mesti ditulis. Vika ta1uk tidak ditulis !erkemungkinan segala kandungan

Vurnal 5m tidak mendapat markah yang sewa1arnya

Mesti tulis ruangan tarikh, !utir, de!it dan kredit. Vangan tulis !utiran dalam

!entuk esei. 5pa yang perlu ditulis ialah nama)nama akaun

$arikh hendaklah ditulis !agi setiap urusniaga yang direkodkan. Vika terdapat

!e!erapa urusniaga yang !erlainan !erlaku pada tarikh yang sama memadai

ditulis sekali saha1a pada urusniaga yang pertama

#eraturan merekod Vurnal 5m ialah mesti dahului catatan Ce!it dan diikuti catatan

"redit. Vangan sekali)kali dahului catatan kredit dan diikuti dengan catatan de!it.

Biasanya catatan de!it saha1a/kredit saha1a tidak diterima.


55/81

Setiap catatan dalam 1urnal am mesti diikuti oleh satu keterangan yang mesti

ditulis di dalam kurungan !agi men1elaskan urusniaga yang !erlaku

Fanya satu Vurnal 5m !iasanya dikehendaki. Dleh itu 1angan !uat Vurnal 5m

le!ih daripada satu atau secara !erasingan !agi setiap urusniaga.

Bu0u Tunai

$a1uk Buku $unai hendaklah ditulis. Vika ta1uk tidak ditulis !erkemungkinan

segala kandungan !uku tunai tidak diterima

$arikh dan !utir mesti !etul untuk mendapat markah pada sesuatu angka yang

direkodkan.

Vangan tulis !utiran dalam entuk esei. 5pa yang perlu ditulis ialah nama) nama

akaun

$a1uk !agi ruangan Ciskaun, $unai dan Bank hendaklah ditulis dengan 1elas di

kedud)dua !ahagian de!it dan kredit Buku $unai. Biasanya Buku $unai yang

di!uat satu ruangan saha1a, tidak diterima

Se!aik)!aiknya semua catatan dalam Buku $unai hendaklah direkodkan

mengikut urutan tarikh urusniaga !erlaku

Baki akhir 8!aki h/!9 ruangan tunai dan !ank hendaklah ditun1ukkan

Jurnal Belian

Vangan sekali)kali !uat 1urnal !elian dalam !entuk 1urnal am

$a1uk Vurnal Belian mesti ditulis dengan 1elas

$arikh, !utir dan angka mesti !etul untuk memperolehi markah


56/81

Biasanya ruang no invois, detil invois tidak perlu direkodkan untuk men1imatkan

masa. 5pa yang penting calon hendaklah turus saha1a merekod di ruangan

1umlah dengan angka !ersih 8angka !ersih diperolehi di akhir sesuatu invois9.

@atatan dalam 1urnal mestilah di!uat mengikut urutan tarikh urusniaga !erlaku Ci akhir !ulan/di hu1ung sesuatu tempoh perakaunan, sesuatu 1urnal itu

hendaklah ditutup dan dihitung 1umlahnya. $arikh penutupan 1urnal hendaklah

ditulis. Berhati)hati menulis !utiran !agi menutup sesuatu 1urnal. $idak menulis

tarikh dan !utiran yang !etul mengaki!atkan calon kehilangan markah

Butiran yang !oleh diterima pakai ialah: 5kaun Belian 8Ct9 atau Vumlah Belian

"redit. Butiran)!utiran lain tidak diterima

Jurnal Jualan)Jurnal /ulangan Belian)Jurnal /ulangan Jualan

#anduan yang sama seperti di atas dipakai

-0aun8a0aun 9e:ar

$a1uk setiap akaun mestilah ditulis dengan !etul dan 1elas

Untuk mendapat markah setiap catatan mesti ditulis !utir dan angka yang !etul

@alon !iasanya kehilangan markah kerana mereka mem!uat akaun yang sama

dua kali atau le!ih. Cengan kata lain akaun yang sama tidak !oleh diulang dua

kali atau le!ih

$arikh !agi setiap catatan perlu direkod dengan !etul. 7alau !agaimanapun

tarikh tidak !agitu penting dan !oleh di a!aikan Bila mem!uat posting dari Vurnal)1urnal "has ke akaun)akaun !erkenaan, !utiran

dalam akaun tidak !oleh ditulis nama secara individu menggantikan Xpel!agai

penghutan/pel!agai pemiutangX

!*4angan ;uga

$a1uk dan tarikh 0!angan Cuga hendaklah ditulis dengan !etul dan lengkap. Vika

ta1uk tidak ditulis dengan !etul dan lengkap anda akan kehilangan markah. $a1uk

yang !etul hendaklah ditulis se!agai contoh !erikut:

0m!angan Cuga #ada +* Cisem!er &'%%

Butiran dan angka mestilah !etul untuk mendapatkan markah. Ce!it dan kredit

!utiran !erkenaan 1uga mesti !etul

5ngka)angka dalam 0m!angan Cuga mesti sama dengan angka !aki)!aki dalam

akaun le1ar !erkenaan dan !aki tunai dan !ank dalam Buku $unai saha1a

5ngka 1umlah keseim!angan Ce!it dan "redit tidak penting 8!iasanya tidak di!eri

markah9. Dleh itu 1ika calon mendapati 1umlahnya tidak seim!ang 1angan

mem!uang masa men1adikannya seim!ang


57/81

Te#ni# Menaa Penyelarasan Soalan 9"ustment ccounts:

Pelarasan #aun

#elarasan dilakukan ke atas !utiran akaun kerana mematuhi:

i. $empoh #erakaunan

ii. "onvensyen #erakaunan

Ci antara !utiran akaun yang perlu dilaraskan:

i. Belan1a

ii. Fasil

iii. Futang Lapuk

iv. #eruntukan Futang Ragu

v. Susut nilaivi. Butiran akaun yang !elum direkod

#ersem!ahan perakaunan:

Citun1ukkan dalam akaun penamat dalam !entuk:

i. $ akaun

ii. #enyata

iii. Lem!aran "er1a

Calam penyediaan pela1ar M;S$0 men1aga:

i. "omponan

ii. Struktur akaun

ormat:

Soalan di!eri dalam !entuk

o Baki)!aki akaun o

0m!angan Cugao

Cari

!a! lain seperti:

T #erkongsian

T #engeluaran


58/81

Pelarasan Dalam Bentu# Penyata

Vawapan anda perlu ada dalam format "ertas Vawapan ) -una kertas Vurnal/

"a1ang

Langkah *: $ulis $a1uk

Langkah &: @atat komponan akaun:

#enyata #endapatan:

a9 Vualan

!9 $olak "os Vualan

c9 8N9 Lain ) Lain Fasil

d9 8)9 Belan1a

Langkah +: "unci "ira)"ira:

a9 5set $etap

!9 5set Semasa

c9 8)9 Lia!iliti Semasa

d9 Ci!iayai oleh:

e9 Lia!iliti Vangka #an1ang

Langkah =: Selesai Maklumat $am!ahan melalui #endekatan @B / 0C

Langkah 6: 5m!il !utiran akaun dalan 0C terselaras dan catat dalam komponan /

format disediakan

O(ota% Pengiraan ti"a# perlu "itunu##an "alam #ertas aapan an"a.

Kecuaian yang pelaar selalu uat "alam peperi#saan

Be!erapa kelemahan atau kesalahan umum calon di dalam peperiksaan kertas

#rinsip 5kaun yang telah dikenal pasti. 5ntaranya ialah:

*. Men1awa! soalan dengan terlalu gopoh.

&. $idak memahami kehendak/tugasan soalan terutamanya !agi pelarasan.

+. @uai dalam mem!uat pengiraan.

=. $idak dapat menguasai format akaun yang !etul.

6. $idak mempunyai kaedah penyelesaian yang sistematik dan teratur.

. Lemah dalam kemahiran mengira dengan cepat.


59/81

(. $idak men1awa! mengikut kehendak soalan.

H. "urang mem!uat latihan/latih tu!i yang mencukupi.

Q. Mem!uang masa atau tidak pandai merancang dan mengagihkan masamengikut kehendak soalan dan peruntukan markah.

*'. $idak !erke!olehan menggunakan maklumat dan !utir)!utir yang disediakan di

dalam soalan dengan teliti.

**. $ulisan tidak kemas dan sukar di!aca. 5ngka)angka tidak ditulis dengan 1elas.

*&. @atatan)catatan dalam 1urnal dan le1ar tidak di!uat dengan teratur.


60/81

Bil $opic

&''(

&''H

&''Q

&'*' &'** &'*&

&'*+

"* "& "* "& "* "& "*

* #engenalan "epada#erakaunan

& & & &

& "lasifikasi 5kaun: 5set,

Lia!ility, ;kuiti #emilik, Fasil,

Belan1a G 5kaun "ontra

+ = & 6

+ Cokumen #erniagaanSe!agai Sum!er Maklumat

* * *

= Vournal Se!agai Buku@atatan #ertama

& *a * *a & *a *

6 Le1ar + *c

*c 6 = *!

0m!angan Cuga + *c & *c 6 *c *

( #enyata "ewangan ) Milikan$unggal

H + 6 ( & +

H #erakaunan untuk $unai & + = +

Q #erakaunan untuk#engga1ian

*' #erkongsian & + = +

**Syarikat Berhad & + = * =

*& "ela! G #ersatuan & 6 + & = &

*+ Rekod $ak Lengkap + + 6 * =

*=#erakaunan Untuk#engurusan

& = & & 6 &

*6Maklumat Untuk Mem!uat"eputusan

+ * = *

Vumlah Soalan =' =' =' ='


61/81

3uestions nalysis 9200I ! 201&:

3U6,K (TS. MUST STUDJ ,;PT$S

S#M #;RC5-5>-5>

Paper 1 1 hr 15 min nser 77 '0 Huestions '0E

Paper 2 2 hrsSection % nser T;$ Huestions

F0E

Section B% nser 77 Huestions

$D$5L*''Y

$opic9D ! De-initely Teste" , ! ,ommonly Teste":

#* #&

sas Kepa"a Per"agangan D D

Unsur Per"agangan , ,

Perniagaan Dalam (egeri D D

Perniagaan ntaraangsa , ,

6n"ustri Kecil "an Se"erhana 96KS: D D

Pemili#an Perniagaan D D

Pelauran D D

Peran#an "an 6nstitusi Keangan lain D D

6nsurans D D

Pengang#utan D D

Komuni#asi D D

Pergu"angan D ,

Promosi D ,

Peranan Keraaan Dalam Perniagaan , ,

Konsumerisme D D


62/81

1: P$B(K( D( 6(ST6TUS6 K*(G( 76(

Sistem #er!ankan "onvensional

o Sistem per!ankan British yang diu!ahsuai mengikut peraturan yangditetapkan oleh Bank >egara Malaysia 8B>M9 o Berlandaskan prinsip

komersial iaitu keuntungan dan kecekapan

Sisterm #er!ankan 0slam

o Berdasarkan prinsip 0slam o $iada mengamalkan ri!a dan faedah

#er!e2aan Sistem #em!ankan

Venis Bank

oBank #usat

o Bank #erdagangan dan Bank 0slam

Kon)ensional 6slam

Mengandungi unsur ri!a Mengharamkan unsur ri!a

Mengikuti peraturan B>M Mengikuti peraturan BM> dan hukum syarah

Be!as mela!ur dalam semua sektor Fanya mela!ur di sektor halal

#akar pem!ankan konvensional se!agai penasihat

Ulama, ahli akademik, pakar perm!ankan 0slam se!agai penasihat

@ompare @ourses

G 5pply for ree


63/81

o Bank Saudagar o Bank Badan

Berkanun o Bank "operasi

ungsi Bank >egara Malaysia

o Mengeluarkan dan mengawal mata wang >egara o

Men1adi 1uru!ank kepada kera1aan o Laksanakan

dasar kewangan kera1aan o Men1adi 1uru!ank kepada

!ank perdagangan

ungsi Bank #erdagangan

o $erima simpanan 8akaun simpanan / tetap/ semasa9 o Beri

kemudahan pem!iayaan 8pin1aman / overdraf9 o Beri kemudahanpem!ayaran 8pindahan kredit / arahan tetap9 o Beri perkhidmatan

lain 8kad kredit / peti simpanan selamat9

ungsi Bank Saudagar

o $erima simpanan dari syarikat !esar o Beri pin1aman o Beri

khidmat nasihat korporat o Urus pela!uran syarikat !erhad o

$angung 1amin ter!itan syer

/ungsi Ban# Ba"an Ber#anun

Bank Simpanan >asional

$erima simpanan

Beri pin1aman

$awar kad kredit

Sedia perkhidmatan per!ankan 0slam

Bank #em!angunan dan 0nfrastruktur Malaysia Berhad

Biaya aset tetap

Biaya modal ker1a

Sedia skim kilang !im!ingan

Sedia ta!ung usahawan !aru

Sedia modal asas untuk 0ndustri "ecil dan Sederhana 80"S9 Bank

#ertanian Malaysia


64/81

Beri pin1aman

$erima simpanan

Beri kemudahan sewa 1entera 5n1ur kursus / latihan kepada usahawan !umiputera

ungsi Bank Badan Berkanun

o $erima simpanan o Beri pin1aman

o $awar perkhidmatan per!ankan 0slam

@iri)@iri Bank 0slam

o Berdasarkan hukum 0slam dan peraturan syariah, o

$ertakluk kepada 5kta Bank 0slam *QH+. o Ri!a 8!unga atau

faedahJ tidak di!enarkan

o Mudhara!ah dan musyarakah 8amalkan konsep perkongsian untung rugiJ o Maisir

iaitu per1udian tidak di!enarkan o + konsep 87adiah, Mudhara!ah, MusyarakahJ

@ek

o Cokumen perintah !ertulis oleh penyimpan akaun semasa kepada pihak !ank. @ek

ini !ertu1uan mengarahkan !ank untuk mem!uat se1umlah !ayaran pada tarikh

tertentu kepada menerima pem!awa cek apa!ila dituntut.

#ihak)pihak dalam sekeping @ek

o #esuruh !ayar ) !ank yang mengeluarkan cek o #enyuruh !ayar ) orang / pihak

yang menandatangani cek o #enerima ) orang / pihak yang menerima !ayaran

"ele!ihan dan "ekurangan @ek

Keleihan Ke#urangan

Selamat Bukan wang sah

Boleh tangguh pem!ayaran

Melam!atkan proses penerimaan wang

Boleh !atalkan pem!ayaran#enerima cek !erisiko menerima cek tak

sah

Murah"os dikenakan di atas penggunaan cek

$idak perlu mengira duit

Boleh dihantar melalui pos


65/81

2: 6(SU$(S

6stilaho insurer ) Syarikat insurans yang mem!eri perlindungan o insured ) Drang

yang mem!eli polisi insurans o #remium ) Bayaran yang di1elaskan oleh

insured untuk mendapatkan perlindungan

o #olisi ) #er1an1ian antara insurer dan insured o #ampasan )

gantirugi yang di!ayar 1ika !erlaku risiko

#eranan insurans

Risiko Boleh insurans

o Risiko !oleh dikira secara statistik. 5da rekod ke1adian lalu o

"adar premium !oleh ditetapkan o @th: "e!akaran,kecurian

Risiko $idak Boleh Ciinsuranskano $idak doleh dikira. $iada rekod ke1adian o

"adar premium sukar ditetapkan

#rinsip insurans

o #enuh #ercaya Mutlak o

indemniti

T Sum!angan

T Su!rograsi

T Coktrin punya hampiran

Kepa"a Peniaga Kepa"a 6n"i)i"u Kepa"a (egaraMelindungi daripada risiko

Melindungi individu dan

keluarga dari risiko

Mem!angunkan ekonomi

negara

Capat pampasan 1ika risiko

!erlaku

Vaminan masa depan Mem!eri peluang peker1aan

Le!ih yakin untuk mema1ukan

perniagaan

Capat pampasan 1ika !erlaku

risiko$araf hidup rakyat meningkat

Satu cara mena!ung


66/81

Venis insurans

o insurans 5m

T insurans "emalangan insurans "enderaan Bermotor

o insurans motor pihak ketiga o

insurans Motor "omprehensif

insurans "emalangan #eri!adi

insurans Lia!iliti 5m

insurans Lia!iliti Ma1ikan

insurans "e!akaran

T insurans "e!akaran

T insurans Marin/#ener!angan/#erkapalan

T insurans lain

o insurans Fayat

T insurans Fayat Seumur Fidup

T insurans Fayat Sementara

T insurans ;ndowmen

o insurans islam

T "onsep $akaful

Ciuruskan !erdasarkan hukum syariah

-una + prinsip insurans !iasa, ditam!ah:

o Mudhara!ah ) #erkongsian untung o $a!aruk ) Cerma

dengan ikhlas/wu1ud dana !ersama

Ci1alankan dengan asas:

o $iada -harar ) ketidakpastian o $idak Maisir ) per1udian o

$iada Ri!a ) faedah

#roduk Skim $akaful

o $akaful keluarga o $akaful 5m

&: P(G(GKUT(

Cef inisi: #roses pemindahan !arang dari safu fempaf ke fempaf yang lain dengan

menggunakan kenderaan

Venis #engangkufan

o #engangkufan Caraf


67/81

T Valan raya

T Rel

o #engangkufan LaufT "apal "argo

T "apal "erenfan

T eri

T "apal #esisir #anfai o

#engangkufan Udara

T "apal fer!ang

T Felikopfer o Saluran #aip

"ele!ihan #engangkufan Valan Rayao Boleh serah !arang dari pinfu ke pinfu

o Men1imatkan masa o Mengurangkan ker1a

pemunggahan o Risiko !arang rosak le!ih

kurang o Murah dan cepat untuk 1arak dekat

o Sesuai !awa !arang diperlukan segera o

$iada 1adual per1alanan

o "emudahan kenderaan mudah didapati dan !anyak o

Mudah hu!ungi kawasan pendalaman

"ekurangan #engangkutan Valan Raya


68/81


69/81

o $iada serahan pintu ke pintu dan memerlukan pengangkutan lain seperti lori

untuk !awa !arang dari atau ke pela!uhan o "er1a pemunggahan yang !anyak

meningkatkan risiko kecurian dan kerosakano #er1alanan lam!at sampai

o #erkhidmatan terhad di kawasan yang ada kemudahan pela!uhan / 1eti saha1a

Badan Berkaitan Cengan #engangkutan Laut

o #er!adanan #erkapalan 5ntara!angsa Malaysia 8M0S@9 o Va!atan Laut o

Lem!aga #ela!uhan

"ele!ihan #engangkutan Udara

o Sesuai !awa !arang mahal dan ringan kerana kadar tam!ang tidak dipengaruhi

oleh nilai !arang

o Sesuai !awa !arang yang diperlukan segera yang memerlukan pengangkutan

yang cepat / pantas

o Sesuai !awa !arang yang tidak tahan lama untuk men1amin agar !arang segar

dan !aik

o Sesuai hu!ungi kawasan pendalaman ) gunakan helikopter o Barang le!ih

selamat se!a! kawalan keselamatan ketat risiko kecurian kurang oleh itu kos

insurans le!ih rendah o "os pergudangan rendah se!a! !arang segera dihantar o

5da kemudahan kontenarisasi ) menoepatkan urusan kastam

"ekurangan #engangkutan Udara

o $am!ang mahal o Sai2 dan !erat kargo dihadkan

o $iada serahan pintu ke pintu perlukan pengangkutan lain o "er1a pemunggahan

yang !anyak tingkatkan risiko keourian dan kerosakan o #erkhidmatan terhad di

kawasan yang ada kemudahan lapangan ter!ang saha1a

o #ener!angan mudah tergendala 1ika ouaoa !uruk o "os penyelenggaraan tinggi

Badan Berkaitan Cengan #engangkutan Udara

o #ener!angan Malaysia 8M5S9 o Va!atan #ener!angan 5wam 8C@59

"ele!ihan #engangkutan Saluran #aip

o Barang selamat daripada risiko keourian o Barang segera sampai

o Vimat kos pengangkutan kerana tidak guna !ahan api o "os penyelenggaraan

rendah se!a! kurang !erlaku kerosakan

"ekurangan #engangkutan Saluran #aip

o "os pemasangan saluran paip tinggi


70/81

o #enggunaannya terhad kepada !arang oeoair dan gas seperti petrolium, gas

dan air

o "e!oooran mengganggu penggunaan dan sukar di!aiki

Badan Berkaitan Cengan #engangkutan Saluran #aip

o #etroliam >asional Berhad 8#;$RD>5S9

aktor #emilihan Venis #engangkutan

o "os pengangkutan o Venis !arang yang di!awa o Varak per1alanan o "esegeraan

o Risiko kerosakan o >ilai !arang yang di!awa

': KMU(6KS6

ungsi "omunikasi

o Memudah dan memperoepatkan proses penye!aran maklumat, o

Memudahkan peniaga men1alankan aktiviti perniagaan, o Memudahkan

kegiatan promosi, o Meluaskan pasaran !arangan, o Memudahkan

pentad!iran dan pengurusan, o Mengelakkan kerugian dan kerosakan,

Venis #erkhidmatan "omunikasi

o $elevisyen dan radio, o #erkhidmatan #os

T #erkhidmatan Mel,

T #erkhidmatan kaunter,

T #erkhidmatan Lain,

o #erkhidmatan $elekomunikasi

T #erkhidmatan lisan

T #erkhidmatan !eroetak

T #erkhidmatan 5udiovisual o

#erkhidmatan "urier,

T ;MS

T #osla1u Malaysia

aktor #emilihan Venis #erkhidmatan "omunikasi

o "esegaran o Venis Maklumat o "os

o Mudah didapati dan !erhampiran o Varak

5: K(SUM$6SM

Maksud "onsumerismeo Satu per1uangan !agi melindungi hak dan kepentingan pengguna


71/81

o Satu usaha !agi menyedarkan pengguna tentang hak mereka supaya taraf

hidup meningkat

Matlamat "onsumerisme

o Melindungi hak pengguna o Mewu1udkan iklim perniagaan yang harmoni o

Mem!ina kualiti kehidupan yang le!ih !aik

#enggunao Drang yang menggunakan !arang untuk penuhi keperluan dan kehendak

5malan perniagaan yang tidak sihat

o Letak harga tidak !erpatutan o Buat iklan mengelirukan o $awar !arang !erkualiti

rendah o Vual !arang yang tidak selamat

Fak pengguna

o Fak mendapat keperluan asas o Fak mendapat keselamatan o Fak mendapat

maklumat o Fak mem!uat pilihan o Fak mendapat ganti rugi o Fak !ersuara

o Fak mendapat pendidikan pengguna o Fak mendapat alam sekitar yang sihat

Lima $anggung1awa! pengguna

o "esedaran mengkritik o #engli!atan dan tindakan o $anggung1awa! sosial o

$anggung1awa! alam semula1adi o Bersatu padu

;nam $anggung1awa! pengeluar

o #raktikkan amalan perniagaan yang !aik o5mal pengiklanan yang !eretika o

Sedia terima rungutan

o Mem!antu menye!arkan pendidikan konsumerisme o Memelihara

alam sekitar o Men1alankan tanggung1awa! sosial

Lima prinsip asas mem!eli dengan !i1ak o Menentukan 1enis

!arang o Menentukan se!a! mem!eli o Menentukanmasa mem!eli o Memilih tempat mem!eli o Mengetahui

teknik mem!eli

#eranan kera1aan dalam melindungi pengguna

o $u!uh kementerian yang men1aga hal)ehwal pengguna o Beri

kesedaran tentang konsumerisme o 7u1udkan akta/peraturan

o $u!uh kementerian / 1a!atan untuk kuatkuasa undang)undang


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5gensi lain dan peranannya dalam melindungi pengguna

o Ma1lis #enasihat #elindung #engguna "e!angsaan 8M###"9 Z Ma1lis

#enggunao $ri!unal $untutan #engguna o #ersatuan #engguna o #ersatuan #engeluar o

#ersatuan #rofesional o #ersatuan #eniaga

;tika 5malan #erniagaan

o Ciperkenalkan tahun *QH&

o Cigu!al oleh Ma1lis #enasihat #elindung #engguna "e!angsaan 8M###"9 o

Bertu1uan mewu1udkan perpaduan di kalangan peniaga, pengeluar, pengguna dan

kera1aan

o mengandungi ;tika #en1ual dan ;tika #em!eli o Mempunyai 6 prinsip:

T "enalpasti dan akui hak)hak pengguna

T $idak menyampaikan maklumat yang mengelirukan

T #atuhi prinsip perniagaan secara adil

T $idak !urukkan pesaing T5mal perniagaan yang 1u1ur

;tika #em!eli 8mengandungi dua tanggung1awa! pem!eli9

$anggung1awa! terhadap pen1ual o

patuhi syarat kontrak o1elaskan

hutang mengikut tempoh

o tidak !oleh paksa pen1ual sediakan perkhidmatan yang mele!ihi !ayaran o tidak

menawarkan harga terlalu rendah sehingga peniaga rugi o tidak kem!alikan

!arang tanpa alasan yang kukuh/ tanpa tun1uk kad 1aminan

o amalkan sifat sopan santun o !eri pandangan untuk tingkatkan kualiti !arang

$anggung1awa! terhadap masyarakat

o li!atkan diri dalam persatuan pengguna o1aga persekitaran tempat tinggal/

pelihara alam sekitar o elak aktiviti pem!akaran secara ter!uka/ yang cemarkan

alam sekitar o tidak se!arkan kha!ar angin seperti kenaikan harga !arang/

kekurangan !ekalan

;tika #en1ual 8Mengandungi enam tanggung1awa! pen1ual9

$anggung1awa! terhadap peker1a

1aga ke!a1ikan peker1a dengan kemudahan tempat tinggal/pengangkutan

!eri !im!ingan /latihan untuk meningkatkan produktiviti

mem!eri gan1aran setimpal seperti ga1i/!onus


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$anggung1awa! terhadap pelanggan

sediakan !arang !erkualiti

sentiasa !erusaha tingkatkan kualiti !arang tepati keperluan dan kehendak pengguna

1ual !arang pada harga !erpatutan

!ermaklumat yang lengkap

adakan kempen promosi yang 1u1ur

sediakan khidmat lepas 1ualan / khidmat nasihat

!eri layanan sama rata

$anggung1awa! terhadap pemodal

maklumkan kedudukan pela!uran / perniagaan !eri kadar pulangan yang memuaskan

1alankan pengurusan yang cekap

$anggung1awa! terhadap pem!ekal

layanan adil kepada semua pem!ekal

patuhi segala syarat kontrak

!erusaha 1ual !arang dengan segera

amalkan Psistem payungE

pastikan syarat kontrak 1elas

$anggung1awa! terhadap masyarakat

pelihara alam sekitar

guna sum!er yang manfaatkan masyarakat

!eri sum!angan kepada pem!angunan / penyelidikan melalui !iasiswa / su!sidi

$anggung1awa! terhadap kera1aan

!ayar cukai

sedia peluang peker1aan

guna sum!er !ahan mentah tempatan dengan cekap

adakan rundingan dengan kera1aan mengenai penggu!alan / perlaksanaan

dasar


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3uestions nalysis 9200I ! 201&:%

S#M ;"D>DM0 5S5S

#aper 1 1 r 67 min .ns'er all 7 questions 78#aper 2 2 rs Section .9 .ns'er all T0/EE questions :78

Section 9 .ns'er .&& questions

$D$5L *''Y

$opic9D ! De-initely Teste" , ! ,ommonly Teste":

#* #&

Pengenalan Kepa"a #onomi D D

Pen"apatan "an Penggunaan Pen"apatan 6n"i)i"u D D

6si $umah Seagai Pengguna D D

/irma Seagai Pengeluar D D

Pasaran D D

*ang "an 6nstitusi Keangan D D

#onomi Malaysia a: Stru#tur #onomi (egara D ,

#onomi Malaysia : Belanaan (egara D D

;uungan #onomi ntaraangsa a. Per"agangan

ntaraangsa

, D

;uungan #onomi ntaraangsa . 6mangan Pemayaran

D D

;uungan #onomi ntaraangsa c. Pertu#aran sing

D D


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3U6,K (TS (D T6PS /$ PP$ ( 4 T*

1: P(G(7( KPD K(M6 ;konomi

o $ingkah laku manusia dalam menggunakan sum!er ekonomi yang terhad untuk

memenuhi kehendak yang tidak terhak.

Sum!er ekonomi terhad terdiri daripada:

o Buruh o $anah o

Modal o Usahawan

Unit ekonomi terdiri daripada4

o 0si rumah o

irma o

"era1aan

Masalah ekonomi :

o "ekurangan o

#ilihan o "os

Lepas

Venis)1enis !arang:

o Barang #ercuma o

Barang 5wam o

Barang ;konomi

@ompare @ourses

G 5pply for ree.


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Masalah asas ekonomi terdiri daripada:

o5pa yang hendak dikeluarkan o

Berapa yang hendak dikeluarkan oBagaimana hendak dikeluarkan o

Untuk siapa dikeluarkan

;mpat sistem ekonomi:

o "apitalis

o #erancangan #usat o

;konomi @ampura

spm 2016 exam study tips

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