Chemistryform 4- chapter 8

salt

Pn Khoo Sioh Gee

SOLUBILITY OF SALT IN WATER

Type of Salt Solubility in Water

Sodium SaltPotassium SaltAmmonium Salt

All Soluble

Nitrate Salt All Soluble

Chloride Salt All soluble except Lead(II) chloride, Silver Chloride, and Mercury(I) chloride.

(Lead(II) Chloride soluble in hot water but in cold water.)

Sulphate Salt All soluble except Lead(II) sulphate and Barium sulphate, while Calcium sulphate is soluble partially.

Carbonate Salt All insoluble except Sodium Carbonate, Potassium carbonate, and Ammonium Carbonate.

Oxide All insoluble except Potassium oxide and Sodium oxide, while Calcium oxide soluble a little.

Hydroxide All insoluble except Potassium hydroxide, and Sodium hydroxide while Calcium hydroxide soluble a little.

Cation Nitrate, NO3- Chloride, Cl- Sulphate, SO4

2- Carbonate, CO32-

K+

Na+

Ca2+

Mg2+

Al3+

Zn2+

Fe2+

Sn2+

Pb2+

Cu2+

Ag+

NH4+

Test for Cation : With NaOH solution

Cation

NaOH(aq) solution

Some NaOH(aq)

No precipitate

White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate

Soluble and Colourless Precipitate

Insoluble Precipitate

Heat

NH4+

With precipitate

Concentrated HCL Drops

Precipitate

Green Brown Blue

Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+

Insoluble Precipitate

Mg2+ Ca2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+

Mg2+ Ca2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+

Test for Cation: With Ammonia Solution

Cation

NH3(aq) Solution

Some NH3(aq)

No Precipitate

White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate

Soluble and Colourless Precipitate

Insoluble Precipitate

NH4+, Ca2+

Precipitate

Precipitate

Green Brown Blue

Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+

Soluble Precipitate

Mg2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+

Mg2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+ Insoluble Precipitate

Test for Anion

Anion X

1. Add in diluteNitric acid.

2. Add in Argentumnitrrate.

White precipitatesoluble in excessAmmonia.

Cl- ion present

Test for Anion

1. Add in dilute HCL until excess.

2. Add in BaCl2

1. Add in FeSO4 2. A few drops of

concentrated H2SO4

1. Add in dilute HCl

2. Produced gas is being transferred to lime water.

White precipitateIs formed.

Brown ringLime Water turnsMilky/cloudy/chalky.

SO42- ion

presentNO3

- ion present.CO3

2- ion present.

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