1NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY,

GANDHINAGAR

Under The Guidance of:-

Mr. Pawan Godiawala

Presented By:Ravish KhanRangnath RamanSunidhi Kumari( DFT-4)

SPME PRESENTATION

2Ironing

It is the process of iron to remove wrinkles It and pressure is used to flatten the fabric Ironing is done with gliding and sliding motion Different types of fabric require specific

combination of moisture, pressure per surface unit, temperature, and duration of the process.

3Pressing

Garments are pressed between an upper and lower boards.

This involves less manual work

4Elements of ironing/Pressing

Heat: heat is needed in most pressing process to soften fibers, stabilize and set the desired shape.

Steam: is the fastest means of transferring heat into the fabrics. Steam is created by heating water in pressure/boiler. The higher the pressure, the hotter and drier the steam.

Pressure: is applied to alter shape and increase the permanency of the mounding or creasing.

Vacuum: after application of heat and moisture is the vacuum which sucks ambient air through harmnet as it lies on the buck or pressing table. This rapidly dries out residual moisture from the garment and ensures the set imparted by pressing is retained. Suction also ensures that the fabric is in place, does not shift.

5How to determine the size of iron

 few important factors that will determine whether a steam iron will do a good job or not.

Volume and force of steam output: The extra steam will reduce the ironing time and reduce the total electricity usage.

The pattern of the steam holes: The pattern of the steam holes in the sole plate impacts the effectiveness of the iron more than the number of holes. The center holes are the ones used for the burst of steam. This is also effective for long horizontal shots of steam to eliminate wrinkles on a garment hanging on a clothes hanger.

The soleplate design: helps the iron to glide easily and not stick; helps to protect the fabric and makes ironing quicker.

Variable heat/fabric settings: so you can safely iron various fabrics from cottons to silk with the correct amount of heat.

6Ironing Cycle

PositionSteamin

g

Heating(to

remove steam)

Cooling

Remove fabric

7Ironing Temperature chart of different

fabrics

8PARTS OF AN IRON

9Teflon

Thermal insulator Non-stick Avoids shine marks Smooth coating

10IRON TABLE

Air met fabric for cover with silicon coating

Not densely weave Resistant to damage/heat Can withstand maximum 250

degree C Life up to 3000 working

hours(1-1.5 years) Should be cleaned by dipping

in soup water and dry under compression

11Iron table

•Polyester net •Base •Heater

•Suction

12Silicon foams

50mm minimum height More thickness means

more density Density increases the

cost

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SILICON FOAMS

14Pads

Made of Silicon rubber Ability to withstand temperature till 400 degree C

FeltFoam finishes

15Silicon rubber PADS

16Steam Boiler

A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or the fluid is heated under pressure. The steam or hot fluid is then circulated out of the boiler for use in various process or heating applications. A safety valve is required to prevent over pressurization and possible explosion of a boiler.

Steam Boiler at NIFT, Gandhinagar

17Steam Boiler

The boiler is used for a number of applications in readymade garment industry viz.

heating water for washing machines to generate steam for tumblers to dry garments to generate steam for steam heated fusing

machines to generate steam for irons

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These boilers may be failed due to a number of reasons, some of the main reasons are as follows:

Failures of mechanical/electrical safety valves If the pressure in the boiler goes beyond the required limits, these valves are released. There is a led, which will melt and release the pressure.

Failures of temperature sensors In case of failures, metallic sensors which sense the temperature cut the electrical supply coming to the heater and stop the working of boiler.

Failures due to non-supply of water in the heater If water is not supplied, air inside the boiler will get heated and will cause the blast of the boiler.

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Glass fabric coated insulator

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Water Inlet Motor of the Boiler

21Pressure Indicator

22Water Heater

23Cross-section Of Water

Heater Copper coating Die-electric powder Nichrome wire: bad

conducter of heat

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Softening hard water The damaging effect that hard water can have means

that it may be beneficial to soften the water. Methods for softening hard water involve the removal of calcium ions and magnesium ions from the water.

There are two methods for softening hard water: adding sodium carbonate to the water using ion exchange columns

25Adding sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is also known as washing soda. It can remove temporary and permanent hardness from water. Sodium carbonate is soluble but calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate are insoluble.

The carbonate ions from sodium carbonate react with the calcium and magnesium ions in the water to produce insoluble precipitates. For example:

calcium ions + sodium carbonate → calcium carbonate + sodium ions

Ca2+(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → CaCO3(s) + 2Na+(aq) The water is softened because it no longer contains

dissolved calcium ions and magnesium ions. It will form lather more easily with soap.

26Ion exchange columns

Commercial water softeners often use ion exchange resins. These substances are usually made into beads, which are packed into cylinders called ion exchange columns. These can be built into machines, such as dishwashers, or plumbed into water systems to continuously soften the water.

The resin beads have sodium ions attached to them. As the hard water passes through the column, the calcium and magnesium ions swap places with the sodium ions.

The calcium and magnesium ions are left attached to the beads, while the water leaving the column contains more sodium ions. The hard water is softened because it no longer contains calcium or magnesium ions. Some ion exchange resins use hydrogen ions instead of sodium ions.

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Softening hard water