sponges cnidarians ctenophores. phylum porifera: the sponges

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Parazoa and Radiata Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores

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Page 1: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Parazoa and RadiataSponges

CnidariansCtenophores

Page 2: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Page 3: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

General InformationMainly marine organisms;

evolved from choanoflagellates

May have algae or bacteria that give them color

Larva are flagellated, adults considered sessile

Many disease-fighting compounds

holdfast

Page 4: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Tube Sponges

Encrusting Sponges

Page 5: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

CharacteristicsCan reproduce sexually

or asexually

Gas exchange and excretion - diffusion at individual cells

Supported by skeletal fibers:

spicules or spongin

Simple animals made of few specialized cells; NO tissues

Asymmetrical

Body with ostia

Most are filter feeders / suspension feeders 1 family is

carnivorous

Page 6: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Anatomy of a Sponge:

OsculumSpongocoelChoanocyteAmoebocyteMesohyl

Page 7: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Suspension Feeding & Gas Exchange

Page 8: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Sponge Reproduction:Asexual reproduction

Buds or gemmules

Sexually – most sponges are hermaphroditesCells become egg/spermSperm released into waterFertilization occurs in mesohyl

(egg)Zygote becomes flagellated larva

that leaves in flow of water

Page 9: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Phylum CnidariaJellyfish

Box jelly

Coral

Sea anemone

Page 10: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Main CharacteristicsDiploblastic, radial symmetry

Cnidocytes with nematocysts concentrated in tentacles

Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening2 layers separated by mesoglea

Gas exchange and excretion occur by diffusion

Page 11: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Structure cont…Nerve nets

Connect sensory cells to contractile cellsSense organs around edge of bodyEx. photoreceptors

Contractile cells Not true musclesAct as hydrostatic skeleton

Page 12: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Cnidarians come in 2 forms:Medusa – tentacles

downPolyp – tentacles

up

Many alternate between medusa and polyp during life cycle

Page 13: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

4 Classes of Cnidaria

Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Cuboza Anthozoa

Page 14: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Cnidarians are CarnivoresFeed on fish, larva, comb jellies, other

zooplankton

Sting prey with their tentacles

Mouth gastrovascular cavity mouth

Jellyfish.asf

Page 15: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

A word about corals:Many have symbiotic zooxanthellae

Environmental issue: Coral Bleaching

Page 16: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Interesting Facts…Portuguese Man-

of-WarColonial

Has sail-like float

Tentacles can grow up to 165 feet and are nearly invisible

Page 17: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

More interesting facts…Box Jellies

More toxic than Man-of-War

Stings can lead to heart failure within minutes

Tentacles may reach 15 feet

Page 18: Sponges Cnidarians Ctenophores. Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

CTENOPHORA: THE COMB JELLIESDiploblastic??; Biradial

Symmetry

Swim with 8 rows of ciliary combs

Have 2 long tentacles with sticky cellsColloblasts

Eat large amounts of fish larva & planktonMouth + 2 anal pores

Introduced/Invasive species (Black Sea)