sport psychology 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Psikologi SukanPsikologi Sukan
SPKK Tahap 1SPKK Tahap 1
Tajuk:Tajuk:
1. Motivasi1. Motivasi
2. Konsep Kendiri2. Konsep Kendiri
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Sport PsychologySport Psychology
SPKK Level 1SPKK Level 1
Topic:Topic:
MotivationMotivation
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DEFINITIONDEFINITION
Sport Psychology is the study ofSport Psychology is the study of
thoughts (attitudes), feelingsthoughts (attitudes), feelings
(emotions), and reactions (actions) of(emotions), and reactions (actions) ofathletes in a competitive setting.athletes in a competitive setting.
Performance = Psychological readinessPerformance = Psychological readiness
+ Physical preparation+ Physical preparation
+ Technical skill+ Technical skill
+ Tactical awareness+ Tactical awareness
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MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
1.1. Define motivation and its components,Define motivation and its components,
2.2. Differentiate between extrinsic and intrinsicDifferentiate between extrinsic and intrinsicmotivation,motivation,
3.3. Know how to use direct and indirectKnow how to use direct and indirect
methods of motivation,methods of motivation,
4.4. Identify other methods of motivating theIdentify other methods of motivating theathletes.athletes.
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CONCEPTOF OTI TIONCONCEPTOF OTI TION
Motivation can be defined simply as theMotivation can be defined simply as the
direction and intensity of ones effortdirection and intensity of ones effort
(Sage, 1977).(Sage, 1977).Motivation is to start, to energise andMotivation is to start, to energise and
maintain a behaviourmaintain a behaviour
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CONCEPT OF MOTIVATIONCONCEPT OF MOTIVATION
1.1 Direction of Effort1.1 Direction of Effort
1.2 Intensity of Effort1.2 Intensity of Effort
1.3 The Relationship between Direction1.3 The Relationship between Directionand Intensityand Intensity
The burning question is how badly do you
want to succeed?
Geoff Boycott.
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IF I BELIEVE I CAN DO OR BEIF I BELIEVE I CAN DO OR BE
SOMETHING / SOMEBODY,SOMETHING / SOMEBODY,
CHANCESARE I WILL.CHANCESARE I WILL.
IF I DONT, I WONT,IF I DONT, I WONT,
IT ISASSIMPLE ANDIT ISASSIMPLE AND
ASIMPORTANT AS THATASIMPORTANT AS THAT
QuotationQuotation
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Most people give up justMost people give up just
when theyre about towhen theyre about to
achieve success. Theyachieve success. They
quit on the one yard line.quit on the one yard line.
They give up at lastThey give up at last
minute of the game, oneminute of the game, one
foot from a winningfoot from a winning
touchdown.touchdown.
QuotationQuotation
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SOURCES OF MOTIVATIONSOURCES OF MOTIVATION
Intrinsic MotivationIntrinsic Motivation
Athletes who are intrinsically motivatedAthletes who are intrinsically motivated
have an inner striving to be competenthave an inner striving to be competentand selfand self--determining, to master the task,determining, to master the task,
and to be successful.and to be successful.
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SOURCESOF OTI TIONSOURCESOF OTI TION
Extrinsic motivationExtrinsic motivation
Motivation that comes from otherMotivation that comes from other
sources through positive andsources through positive andnegative reinforcement.negative reinforcement.
Tangible: trophies, medals or moneyTangible: trophies, medals or money
Intangible: praise, public recognition andIntangible: praise, public recognition and
punishment.punishment.
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Key C ent f r essKey C nents f r ess
1.1. DDesireesire
2.2. DDisci lineisci line
3.3. DDeter inati neter inati n
SS -- triveStrive
UU -- Uniq eUniq e
CC -- C rageC rage
CC -- ChangeChangeEE -- EfficientEfficient
SS -- StrengthStrength
SS -- SurvivalSurvival
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TYPESOF OTI TIONTYPESOF OTI TION
Direct methods of motivationDirect methods of motivation
IdentificationIdentification
omplianceomplianceInternalizationInternalization
Indirect methods of motivationIndirect methods of motivation
Change the physical situationChange the physical situation
Change the psychological situationChange the psychological situation
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QuotationQuotation
YOUR STATEOFMIND DIRECTLYYOUR STATEOFMIND DIRECTLY
AFFECTS HOWYOUPERFORM.AFFECTS HOWYOUPERFORM.
YOUR BODYRESPONDS TOYOURYOUR BODYRESPONDS TOYOUR
THOUGHTS. IFYOUARE AIMINGFORTHOUGHTS. IFYOUARE AIMINGFOR
PEAK PERFORMANCESYOUWANTPEAK PERFORMANCESYOUWANT
TO BE IN A STATEOFREADINESS :TO BE IN A STATEOFREADINESS :
PSYCHOLOGICALLYAND PHYSICALLYPSYCHOLOGICALLYAND PHYSICALLY
Hemery (1990)Hemery (1990)
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METHODS OF MOTIVATINGMETHODS OF MOTIVATING
ATHLETESATHLETESAthletes needs and motivesAthletes needs and motives
Understand athletes needsUnderstand athletes needs
3 prominent motives3 prominent motivesTo play for fun (sensation)To play for fun (sensation)
To be with other people (affiliation)To be with other people (affiliation)
To demonstrate competence in order to feelTo demonstrate competence in order to feelworthy (achievement)worthy (achievement)
Use extrinsic and intrinsic rewardsUse extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
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Food for oughtFood for hought
If an athlete is coached with criticism, she learns to condemnIf an athlete is coached with criticism, she learns to condemn
If an athlete is coached withhostility, he learns to fightIf an athlete is coached withhostility, he learns to fight
If an athlete is coached with ridicule, she learns tohateIf an athlete is coached with ridicule, she learns tohate
If an athlete is coached with shame, he learns to feel guiltyIf an athlete is coached with shame, he learns to feel guilty
If an athlete is coached with tolerance, she learns to be patientIf an athlete is coached with tolerance, she learns to be patient
If an athlete is coached with fairness, he learns justiceIf an athlete is coached with fairness, he learns justice
If an athlete is coached with consistency, she learns to trustIf an athlete is coached with consistency, she learns to trust
If an athlete is coached with respect, he learns to respect himselfIf an athlete is coached with respect, he learns to respect himself
If an athlete is coached with encouragement, she learns to be confidentIf an athlete is coached with encouragement, she learns to be confident
If an athlete is coached with praise, he learns to appreciateIf an athlete is coached with praise, he learns to appreciate
How do you coach your athletes?How do you coach your athletes?
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DISC SSIONDISC SSION
1.1. Discuss direct and indirect methods ofDiscuss direct and indirect methods of
motivation by sharing specific examplesmotivation by sharing specific examples
related to you as a coach.related to you as a coach.
2.2. Discuss the following with specificDiscuss the following with specific
situations in your sport:situations in your sport:
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivationIntrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Athletes needs and motivationAthletes needs and motivation
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Sport PsychologySport Psychology
SPKK Level 1SPKK Level 1
Topic:Topic:
SelfSelf--conceptconcept
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Athletes with a positive selfAthletes with a positive self--concept willconcept will
have a positive selfhave a positive self--image, self belief andimage, self belief and
high selfhigh self--esteem.esteem.
They feel good about themselves, selfThey feel good about themselves, self--
worthy, and confident.worthy, and confident.
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OBJECTI ESOBJECTI ES
Identify the components of selfIdentify the components of self--conceptconcept
in sportin sport
Explain the selfExplain the self--image cycle specificallyimage cycle specificallyhow selfhow self--image affects our attitudes,image affects our attitudes,
expectations, behaviours, andexpectations, behaviours, and
performance in all areas of our livesperformance in all areas of our lives
Detail some strategies to help athletesDetail some strategies to help athletes
enhance their positive selfenhance their positive self--imageimage
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DEFINITIONDEFINITION
SelfSelf--concept is defined as a persons selfconcept is defined as a persons self--
perception, which is formed through experiencesperception, which is formed through experiences
with, and through interpretations of his or herwith, and through interpretations of his or her
environment.environment.These perceptions are influenced by theThese perceptions are influenced by the
evaluation of significant others, reinforcements,evaluation of significant others, reinforcements,
and the way people interpret their ownand the way people interpret their own
behaviours to themselves (i.e. theirbehaviours to themselves (i.e. theirattributions or reasons for theirattributions or reasons for their
behaviours).behaviours).
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Conceptualization of SelfConceptualization of Self
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Influences of a Positive SelfInfluences of a Positive Self--ConceptConcept
MotivationMotivation i.e. drive to pursue goals.i.e. drive to pursue goals.
LearningLearning i.e. acquisition of new knowledge ori.e. acquisition of new knowledge orskills.skills.
Athletic performanceAthletic performance i.e. achieve personal best.i.e. achieve personal best.Personal relationshipPersonal relationship i.e. liking for others andi.e. liking for others andacceptance by others.acceptance by others.
Life satisfactionLife satisfaction i.e. how a person feels satisfiedi.e. how a person feels satisfied
with personal accomplishment.with personal accomplishment.Performance in other areasPerformance in other areas i.e. his/her owni.e. his/her ownindividual areas and pursuing life goalsindividual areas and pursuing life goals
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Acquiring ositi eSelfAcquiring ositi eSelf--ConceptConcept
Show AcceptanceShow Acceptance
Offer Specific PraiseOffer Specific Praise
Give Personal AttentionGive Personal AttentionEmphasize Self ResponsibilityEmphasize Self Responsibility
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SELFSELF--IM GEIM GE
SelfSelf--image affects our attitudes,image affects our attitudes,
expectations, behaviors, andexpectations, behaviors, and
performances in all areas of our livesperformances in all areas of our lives
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The Success CycleThe Success Cycle
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The Failure CycleThe Failure Cycle
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Reprogramme for SuccessReprogramme for Success
CRAFTCRAFTPROCESSPROCESS
1.1. CCancelancel memories of your old, negative beliefs.memories of your old, negative beliefs.
2.2. RReplaceeplace them with new, positive beliefs.them with new, positive beliefs.3.3. AAffirmffirm your new concept of yourself.your new concept of yourself.
4.4. FFocusocus on specific images of success.on specific images of success.
5.5. TTrainrain yourself to accept your new beliefs.yourself to accept your new beliefs.
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Positi eSelfPositi eSelf--I geAthletesI geAthletes
Athletes with positi eselfAthletes with positi eself--i gehavei agehave
positive feelingsabout themselves, aboutpositive feelingsabout themselves, about
their capabilitiesand clearabout thetheir capabilitiesand clearabout the
roles that they play.roles that they play.
It is important that athletes develop aIt is important that athletes develop a
more positiveselfmore positiveself--image for this leads toimage for this leads to
greaterselfgreaterself--confidence. Aselfconfidence. Aself--confidentconfidentathlete issureofhimself,athlete issureofhimself,
hisability, and less pronehisability, and less prone
to worry.to worry.
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SELFSELF--ESTEEMESTEEM
SelfSelf--esteem is defined as the evaluation ofesteem is defined as the evaluation ofself with respect to an ideal vision of selfself with respect to an ideal vision of selfalong a dimension (characteristics) usedalong a dimension (characteristics) used
to describe self.to describe self.Athletes who feel good about themselvesAthletes who feel good about themselvesare said to have a high selfare said to have a high self--esteem.esteem.
They recognize their own strengths andThey recognize their own strengths andweaknesses and accept theirweaknesses and accept theirselves for what they are.selves for what they are.
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Factors that Influence SelfFactors that Influence Self--esteemesteem
in Sportsin Sports
SelfSelf--imageimage
RelationshipsRelationships
Social environmentsSocial environmentsThe mediaThe media
Personal achievementsPersonal achievements
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ImprovingSelfImprovingSelf--esteem inSportesteem inSport
IncreaseselfIncreaseself--knowledgeknowledge
BemoreselfBemoreself--acceptingaccepting
Set goalsSet goals
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SELFSELF--BELIEF /BELIEF /
SELFSELF--CONFIDENCECONFIDENCE
SelfSelf--belief can be regarded synonymouslybelief can be regarded synonymously
with confidence. Sport psychologistswith confidence. Sport psychologists
define selfdefine self--confidence as the belief thatconfidence as the belief that
you can successfully perform a desiredyou can successfully perform a desired
behavior.behavior.
I always know I would do it one day. I always believedMike Powell, after breaking the world long jump record.
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SELFSELF--VULNER BILITYVULNER BILITY
SelfSelf--vulnerability is the perception ofvulnerability is the perception of
change in self, occurring under stressfulchange in self, occurring under stressful
circumstancescircumstances
When the going gets tough,When the going gets tough,
the tough gets goingthe tough gets going
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DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION
1.1. Discuss the 4 ways a coach could use toDiscuss the 4 ways a coach could use to
facilitate positive selffacilitate positive self--concept of players.concept of players.
2.2. Describe the characteristics of athletesDescribe the characteristics of athleteswith positive selfwith positive self--image.image.
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Food for ThoughtFood for Thought
An estimation of my own ability is far moreAn estimation of my own ability is far moreimportant than that of any selectorimportant than that of any selector
Stuart BarnesStuart Barnes
Of all the judgments that we pass in life, none isOf all the judgments that we pass in life, none isas important as the one we pass on ourselves, foras important as the one we pass on ourselves, forthat judgment touches the very centre of ourthat judgment touches the very centre of our
existence. How we relate to ourselves affects howexistence. How we relate to ourselves affects howwe relate to others, and to the world around uswe relate to others, and to the world around us
Nathaniel BrandenNathaniel Branden
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