sports, social change and globalisation

8/10/2019 Sports, Social Change and Globalisation

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Sports, Social Change and

Globalisation

Soumya Kumar


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Sports

Sport: noun,An activity involving physicalexertion and skill in which an individual or teamcompetes against another or others for

entertainment Origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'pastime,

entertainment'): shortening of disport

Synonyms:

noun: fun, game, play, amusement

verb: play, frolic


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Sports

One that gives pleasure; helps to pass leisure

and builds competitiveness

It is learning with fun, mostly involving some

sort of physical participation

It is also a supreme form of body-mind

coordination; body-mind dichotomy is simply

absent as sports is not just a rush of adrenalin

and coping with the environmental factors


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Social Change

Social Change implies a shift in the norms and

values that have a bearing on our day to day

social relationships

Norms decide what we should do and values

show how we go about doing those actions

These norms and values provide us with

expectations about the role an individual

assumes


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Globalisation

Globalisation: the process by which the worldis said to become a single space; it can be seen

as a compression of space


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Globalisation

In Globalization 1.0, which began around

1492, the world went from size large to size

medium. In Globalization 2.0, the era that

introduced us to multinational companies, it

went from size medium to size small. And

then around 2000 came Globalization 3.0, in

which the world went from being small to tiny.Thomas Friedman


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Globalisation of Sports

Sport started to internationalise very long ago

as foreign athletes attended the Greek

Olympics

Many games have been imported and have

become indigenised: Base Ball in Japan and

Soccer in North America; Skiing and Hockey in

Saudi Arabia; of course, Cricket in India


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Globalisation of Sports

Mass media and increased leisure have

brought larger audiences, so that sports

organizations or teams can command large

incomes

The income earned by some of the sport

persons is more than the number of fans and

of course the opposite is also true


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Fan Base

2010 FIFA World Cup had a huge fan base: ESPN3(ESPN's broadband network for live sportsprogramming) clocked nearly 7.4 million viewers,

generating 15.7 million hours of viewing. Thenetwork's World Cup application wasdownloaded more than 2.5 million times andaccessed by an average of one million users per

day Cricket it self has more than a 1.5 billion fan base

and it is only second most popular


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Reach of Sports

Transcends culture, borders, language, gender, race,

religion, socio-economic status

Sport is probably the most universal aspect ofpopular culture; its international dimension is

uncontestable

Involvement of media conglomerates (Network 18,

Reliance Broadcast Network, Reliance Media

works; Disney News Corporation, Time Warner)


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Two Problem Areas

Invisible sports women

Relation with nature and impact on

environment


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Gendered Sports

The IOC encourages and supports the

promotion of women in sport at all levels and

in all structures, with a view to implementing

the principle of equality of men and women."

Rule 2, paragraph 7, Olympic Charter in force

as from 07.07.2007


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Gendered Sports

Has sports been able to bring about change in

gendered perceptions?

Women are still perceived as

Feminine

Weak


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Women and Sport

Theme of 5thInternational Conference, 2012

Together Strongerthe Future of Sport,that everybody deserved the opportunity

to experience sport


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Women and Sport

1984 Los Angeles Olympics: Less than 25% of

total participants women

2008 Beijing: 43%

2012 London: Bit less than 50%

Saudi Arabia for the first time sent women

sport persons in 2012

Brunei and Qatar?


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Olympics: unanswered questions

Why is there a separate category of events for

women?

and

How is eligibility determined?


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Eligibility

There are parameters of biological sex under

six categories: chromosomal, genetic,

hormonal, the internal reproductive

structures, external genitalia and brain sex

It is unfair to tell a female that she cannot

compete because her testosterone levels are

too highDr. Thomas Murray


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Unfairfairness

If athletes appear on magazine covers with

painted nails, long hair and makeup, we do

not question their gender or physique .Our

society is trained to have a traditional view of

what women are supposed to look like

Ms Aimee Mullins

Paralympian and Former President

of the womens Sports Foundation


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Stereotypes

British weightlifter Zoe Smith was forced to

endure cruel taunts on Twitter and other

social media about her appearance


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Gender balance

To provide gender balance sport society

Provide access

Promote

Access

Role of family still crucial: close knit familiesalways helps


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Environment

Focus: to control and manipulate environment

Ecological footprint: hugely enormous

2006 Rugbys Six Nations Tournament in

Cardiff

66.5 tons of waste generated; 1% recycled

24.3 million kilometers travelled by supporters;284 km average per supporter

(Study by researchers in Cardiff University)


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Nature of Sports

We are moving away from Nature

Synthetic environment rules the day and life

is more software oriented than hardware

Soft skin, soft lips, soft feet, soft skills and

software rules the mind and body

This softness, however, does not include the

soft grass, soft leaves, soft rippling sound


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Richard Louv

Nature Deficit Disorder

Nature: material world and all of its objects

Nature: the outdoors

Nature: biodiversity, abundance; our capacityfor wonder


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Richard Louv

Playing in natureunproductive, alien, cute,

dangerous, televised

Parents prefer their young children to play

indoors as thats where all the electrical

outlets are

People jog with headphones; ski with

headphones


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Self Enjoyment

Need to be in company; being out there aloneis something not possible for todaysgeneration

Making their own environment is not possible;something needs to be brought

NDD: human costs of alienation from nature

diminished use of senses, attentiondifficulties, higher rates of physical andemotional illnesses

sports, social change and globalisation

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