Spring semester 2017 Seminar 3 - Nursing

Dr Jeannette Stirling, Senior Lecturer, Learning Development; Additions by Dr Carol Priestley, Lecturer, Learning Development

Spring semester,

2017

Using

Evidence

Effectively

Subject

Assessment

1

Assessment

2

Assessment

3

Assessment

4

NMIH105 Week 4

Formative in-class quiz

Week 6

Essay

2000 words

40%

Weeks 8 & 9 Group presentation

20%

Exam Period Final exam

100 MCQ

40%

NMIH106 Week 4

Formative Basic Life

Support (BLS)

laboratory

Week 9 In-class quiz

MCQ

20%

Week 10 Case Study

2500 words

40%

Exam Period Final exam

100 MCQ

40%

NMIH107 Week 4 Case study

1500 wds

40%

Week 5

Formative on-line Moodle

quiz

Week 13 Case study

2,500 wds

60%

Week 13

WPE/NCAS

NMIH108 Week 4

Formative in-class quiz

Week 7 Essay

1500 wds

60%

Exam Period Final exam

40%

But first: how are you tracking with the NMIH105 essay?

What are the key terms in this question?

QUESTION:

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) more than 900

million international journeys are undertaken every year. Global travel on

this scale exposes many people to a range of health risks. Many of these

risks can be minimized by precautions taken before, during and after

travel (WHO 2012).

Recently, the West African Ebola outbreak has been the largest, most

severe and most complex in human history. For more than a year,

people from all over the world have answered the call to work with WHO

to overcome this outbreak.

REMEMBER THE GOALS ARE TO:

conduct library research in order to acquire

knowledge and understanding about the Ebola

virus and safety precautions when travelling.

As a consequence of this research and critical

thinking, develop an appreciation of health

precautions and preventions surrounding the

virus.

What are the instruction words in this question?

Analyse the question & plot your navigational points

…

Analyse the task

• WHAT are the key words / concepts relevant to the task? Do you

understand their meaning?

• WHAT do the instruction words tell you to do?

Brainstorm

• WHAT will be the organising focus for your discussion? • WHAT main points do you need to include?

Consider logical flow

• HOW do you need to order your response?

• PLAN each stage of your task so that when you begin writing, you can be fairly sure that you’re going to address all aspects of the topic.

Do I understand the history and pathophysiology of Ebola and its mode of transmission?

Can I discuss the incidence and prevalence of reported cases of Ebola internationally including the

current estimated morbidity and mortality rates?

Can I clearly identify the incubation period of Ebola along with the current treatment methods of persons

affected by Ebola including vaccination options?

What are the current prevention and control methods deployed by health workers to reduce the

transmission of the virus?

Do I understand the World health organisation’s role In preventing Ebola outbreaks ?

Planning your structure …

The function of paragraphs in academic writing is to

…

Identify the main

idea/point (topic

sentence).

Provide some evidence to support your

point.

Synthesis:

connect this point to your

wider discussion /

the topic

(analysis)

Hudson (2009) claims that life expectancy is one of the key measures

of a population’s health. Australian Bureau of Statistics’ (ABS 2010)

data indicate that the life expectancy gap between Indigenous

Australians and other Australians registered as 11.5 years for males

and 9.7 years for females during the period 2005-07. However,

Hudson (2009, p. 4) argues that Indigenous life expectancy figures

‘fail to show how low the life expectancy rate is in some communities’.

The major factor in the life expectancy gap for Indigenous Australians

is chronic disease (Zhao 2004, p. 498). In 2004-05 reported rates of

chronic disease in Indigenous communities included cardiovascular

disease (12%), diabetes (6%), and kidney disease (2%) (ABS 2007). According to Solar and Irwin (2010) there are multiple factors which

underpin the poorer health outcomes experienced by Indigenous

population groups. The sociocultural burden of chronic disease on

these communities further complicates health outcomes for Aboriginal

and Torres Strait Islander peoples over and above life expectancy.

Topic

sentence:

main point.

Evidence &

extrapolation

Synthesis

Used with permission

P3: Eighty nine percent of townships in the Northern Territory,

Western Australia and Queensland are defined as remote

because of their lack of medical services and distances

from medical facilities.

P4: Archell, Hill and Jackson-Pulver (2007) identify the issues

around retention and attraction of medical officers to

remote and regional areas of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander health services.

P5: The negative affect that being removed from community

and loved ones in a time preceding birth has detrimental

effects on the emotional state of the mother and family.

P6: Watson, Hodson and Johnson (2002) point out the

communication issues confronting many of the women sent

from remote communities, some of who have English as a

second or third language. This communication problem can

only be more complicated when these women are confronted

with medical jargon which they do not understand.

P1. Three issues impacting

on quality family-centred

care for Indigenous

women during

pregnancy and birthing

are: the lack of readily

accessible health care

professionals and

facilities; the extensive

travel and expense of

travelling to larger

medical facilities when

complications occur; and

language barriers.

Create clear links / connections between paragraphs with topic sentences.

Used with permission

Remember, too, that the Conclusion……

Will draw together the key strands of the

preceding discussion and indicate how these

key ideas support or prove your stated thesis

claim.

Χ Will not introduce new evidence.

In conclusion, it is apparent that for decades health policies for

Indigenous women at the time of birthing have been inadequate.

Paternalistic approaches to obstetric and neonatal care have

resulted in a lack of awareness about cultural safety. The statistics

examined in the preceding discussion also strongly indicate the

need for more Indigenous doctors and health workers to promote

better outcomes for Indigenous mothers and their babies in remote

communities throughout Australia. As I have argued, sending

pregnant women away from their support networks and into the

unfamiliar surroundings of a health care system unaware of

Indigenous culture, birthing rituals and language can have

significantly negative effects for these women and their families.

The Canadian midwifery services for Indigenous women in northern

remote communities have been a success for low risk pregnancies

and allow Canadian Indigenous women to remain in their townships

and give birth, assisted by locally trained registered midwives.

Finally, the financial costs to the individual for travel, food,

accommodation, phone calls, and so forth, are effectively

addressed by the Canadian model. Because of all

these factors the model presents a valuable

solution for those health care issues confronting

Australian Indigenous women living in remote

communities.

Three issues impacting on quality family-centred care

for Indigenous women during pregnancy and birthing

are: the lack of readily accessible health care

professionals and facilities; the extensive travel and

expense of travelling to larger medical facilities when

complications occur; and language barriers. Strategies

to improve health outcomes for Indigenous families will

involve attracting and retaining health care

professionals who are aware of the need for Aboriginal

cultural safety at the fore front of treatment. In

examining possible solutions for the problems facing

Australian Aboriginal mothers and babies, Canadian

midwifery services in remote Inuit communities will be

discussed. Many of these communities have developed

successful birthing programmes for their Indigenous

populations. These programmes incorporate the family

care model which, in Australia, has been largely

overlooked as an option for remote Aboriginal

communities.

Introduction Conclusion

What is referencing?

Ever happen to you?

Comic Strip: Used with permission

Three aspects of referencing ….

The ‘mechanics’: ensuring your citation

information conforms to recommended style

conventions. Putting things in the right place and

format!

The ‘courtesy’: the ‘thanks mate’ component where

you respectfully acknowledge the intellectual

contributions of others to your own thinking & writing.

The ‘art’: strategically weaving research evidence into

your discussion for maximum effect.

The ‘mechanics’ of Harvard: referencing web sites

In text …

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS 2009), the occurrence of

diabetes is three times higher for Indigenous Australians than non-Indigenous

Australians (Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2012-13).

However, health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians are

not limited to diabetes, with higher statistical occurrence of other chronic diseases

including cardiovascular, renal, retinopathy and mental health, accounting for the

majority of the Indigenous health gap (ABS 2009; Browne et al. 2009). These diseases

are all largely preventable and have similar risk factors, therefore efforts to ‘close the

gap’ in the social determinants of health for Australian Indigenous populations should

be addressed holistically and not isolated to a particular disease type (Vos et al. 2009).

This analysis examines the correlatives between being an Indigenous Australian and

the risk factors associated with developing Type 2 diabetes. The World Health

Organisation (WHO 2013) indicates that Type 2 diabetes comprises approximately

90% of all diabetes diagnoses and is strongly linked to lifestyle factors and hence

considered preventable in most cases. The following discussion will therefore focus on

Type 2 diabetes because this disease is where the greatest discrepancy between

Indigenous and non-Indigenous health is notable. It should be noted, however, that

according to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW 2012) not all studies

differentiate diabetes types despite the marked difference in aetiology.

Basic Principles for referencing government publications

Author, i.e. the government or non-government body

Year of publication is the year of release (not the date in the title)

Title of document or report in Italics

Publisher: it’s common to have the same group as author and publisher

Place of publication: in Australia it’s Canberra (unless it’s a state

government department)

Viewed: give the date you viewed it

URL: for online reports

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013, Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander Health Survey 2012-13, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra,

viewed 16 August 2017,

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4727.0.55.001

Many Australian Bureau of Statistics documents have a Catalogue

number. Include this at the end of the title preceded by cat. no. :

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013, Australian Aboriginal and

Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2012-13, cat. no.

4727.0.55.001, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra, viewed 16

August 2017,

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4727.0.55.001

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015, National Health Survey: First

Results, 2014-15, cat. no. 4364.0.55.001, Australian Bureau of

Statistics, Canberra, viewed 16 August 2017,

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/43

64.0.55.001~2014-15~Main%20Features~Diabetes%20mellitus~12

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2015, The health and welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2015, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, viewed 16 August 2017 http://www.aihw.gov.au/indigenous-observatory/reports/health-and-welfare-2015/ World Health Organisation 2013, Diabetes mellitis, Fact sheet No.

138. World Health Organisation, Geneva, viewed 16 August 2017,

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs138/en/

Closer Title