sql server 2008 advanced admin
TRANSCRIPT
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Requirement and installation
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Requirement and license
SQL server 2008 Editions:
Edition DescriptionEnterprise (x86,x64,IA64) Enterprise-class scalability
High availabilityFull Bussiness Intelligence (BI)capabilities
Standard (x86,x64) Built-in BI capabilities for departmentalapplications.
Small Business (x86,x64) SQL server Standard licensed for 75 orfewer computers.
SQL server 2008 Developer(x86,x64,IA64)
SQL server 2008 Enterpirse licensedfor development and test only .Upgradable for production use
Workgroup (x86,x64) For running local branch locationdatabase reporting remotesynchronization
Web (x86,x64) Low total-cost-of-ownership option forweb hosts and Web sitesExpress (SSE)(x86,x64)
SSE with tools (x86,x64)SSE with Adv Services (x86,x64)
SQL server Express is free and can beredistributed by ISVs (subject toagreement )
Compact 3.5 SP1 (x86)Compact 3.1 (x86)
SQL compact 3.5 is free , embeddeddatabase ideal for building stand-aloneand occasionally connected applications
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Installation SQL server Enterprise
First your setup requirement after DVD running
Install start
First screen setup center
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Pass through setup center
Above picture introduce planning installation
Installation page
Maintenance page
Tools page
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Resource page
Advanced page
Option page
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Now we start install SQL server 2008 enterprise edition
Click Installation page and then choose New SQL server stand-
alone installation or
Rule checking progress
Enter product key and Next
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Accept license term and Next
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Setup support Files , Install
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Next step to setup Install SQL server 2008
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It will check your requirement of your server and your result is
reported for completely checking, if everything is alright ,Next
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Select feature for stand-alone ,Next
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Instant configuration
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Disk space requirement , Next
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Server configuration
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Note : Microsoft recommended that if you are in a domain you
should use user account in domain for service management (Your
service : SQL server agent , SQL server Database Engine , SQL
server Browser ). These services operating with fully option if it is in
domain
Tab collation in Server configuration page choose your support
language engine
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Choose user account to use SQL server
Error and Usage Reporting
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Installation Rules
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Ready to install
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Installation progress
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Complete install
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Start SQL server management
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Login screen
You complete your installation SQL server 2008 enterprise edition
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Optimizing SQL searches withIndexes
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Indexes in SQL server 2008
Clustered and Non Clustered Indexes
Filtered
XML
Spatial
Full-TextClustered and non Clustered Indexes
Clustered Indexes
Only one per table
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Data is ordered based on the key fields
Provides excellent searching ability
Required by some other indexes
High maintenance cost when updates are frequent
Non clustered Indexes
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Up to 249 per table
Uses pointer to link to data
Affected by changes to clustered indexes
XML indexs
Primary XML Index
Secondary XML Indexes
A shredded and persisted representation of the XML BLOBs
Spatial indexes
Can be created only on a column of type geometry or geography
Table must have a Primary key
You can create up to 249 spatial indexes on a table
Spatial indexes cannot be specified on indexed views
Create indexes :
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On database table right click on Indexes choose New indexes
Next screen choose indexes type you want to create and add
column of table then click OK
Using T-SQL to create indexes
[Create] / [Drop] / [alter] index [index name] on [table name](column
name,);
Filtered Indexes
Create nonclustered index [index name] on [Tablename]( [field] ) where
[condition];
Indexes for VIEW
Requirement :
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The ANSI_NULLS and QUOTED_IDENTIFIER option set to ON for
CREATE VIEW
The ANSI_NULL option set to ON for CREATE TABLE statements
that create tables referenced by the view
The view must not reference any other views
All base tables referenced must be in the same database
View must be created with SCHEMABINDING
User-defined functions use SCHEMABINDING option.
Style of Create command is like creating index for table
Index performance
Disabling Query Statistic Collection
Right click on index of table choose properties and then choose
option .Check or uncheck Automatically recompute statistic to
enable or disable Query Statistic Collection .
Addressing fragmentation and fill factor consideration.
Right click on index of table choose properties and then choose
fragmentation for addressing fragmentation or choose option to set
fill factor
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Note: to understanding fill factor or Query statistic please contact
[email protected] for full version .
Database engine Tuning Advisor
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Choose your database machine , database , table to checked
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Choose tunning option
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Execute your SQL command and Click and then view
recommended tab
SQL server tuning advisor will show you what should do for performance of
query.
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Full-Text Search
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Full-Text search terminology
Full-text index
Stores information about significant words and their location
within a given column
This information is used to quickly compute full-text queries
that search for rows with particular words or combinations of
words
Full-text catalog
A full-text catalog contain zero or more full-text indexes
Each catalog can serve the indexing needs of one or more
tables within a database
Word breaker
For a given language a word breaker tokenizes text based onthe lexical rules of the language
Token
A word or a character string identified by the word breaker .
Stemmer
For a given language , a stemmer generates inflectional forms
of a particular word based on the rules of that language
Filter
Given a specified file type , for example .doc , filter extract text
form a file stored in a varbinary(max) or image column
Population or Crawl
Is the process of creating and maintaining a full-text index
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Noise list
A list of stopwords that are filtered from the queries on that
full-text index . they are frequently occurring words that do not
help the search .
Installing Full-Text search
Click SQL server installation Center
Install new feature on Installation center
Choose source to install
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Setup support Rules
Installation type
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Select Full-Text search
Disk space requirement
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Server configuration
Error and reporting
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Installation rules
Ready to install
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Installation progress
Complete
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Creating a Full-Text Catalog and Full-Text Index
Connect to SQL database server ,choose your tables , right click on
tables
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Welcome screen click next
Select an index
Select table column
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Select change tracking
Select Catalog , Index FileGroup , and Stoplist
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Note : to understanding option which you choose, feel free to contact
Define Population Schedules (Optional)
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Ready to create
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Progress
You can modify your creating through Full-Text properties
Configuring Full-Text searches
Creating Full-Text Catalogs
An object that contains the full-text indexes
CREATE FULLTEXT CATALOG {NAME} as DEFAULT
Creating Full-Text Indexes
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Contains all the significant terms and their location
CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX ON [TABLE_NAME]([Column name],) KEY
INDEX [PRIMARY_KEY]
Using the INFLECTIONAL Statement
After configuring FULL-TEXT search you use inflectional for
advanced language searching
Troubleshooting Full-Text search
Dynamic Management Views
Full-Text error log
Dynamic management Views
Sys.dm_fts_index_keywords
Sys.dm_fts_index_keyworks_by_document
Sys.dm_fts_parser
Full-Text search error log
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SQL server 2008 Security
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Authentication mode:
Windows authentication vs SQL authentication
Right click on database engine or database server :
Choose :
Need to restart sqlserver
Choose SQL server services , right click on SQL serverrestart
Done for set authentication mode.
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Database-Level role
Server-role
Securable scope :
Server databaseSchema
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SQL server 2008 Data encryption
SQL server 2008 Encryption Hierarchy
Window level
SQL server level
Database level
Encryption Hierarchy Components
Asymmetric keys
An asymmetric keys is made up of a private key and the
corresponding public key. Each key can decrypt data
encrypted by the other
Asymmetric encryption and decryption are relatively resource-
intensive , but they provide a higher level of security than
symmetric encryption
An asymmetric key can be used to encrypt a symmetric key
for storage in a database
Symmetric keys
A symmetric key is one key that is used for both encryption
and decryption
Encryption and decryption by using a symmetric key is fast ,
and suitable for routine use with sensitive data in the database
Certificates
A public key certificate , usually just called a certificates , is a
digitally-signed statement that binds the value of public key to
the identity of the person , device or service that holds the
corresponding private key
Extensible Key Management (EKM)
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EKM is a new feature in SQL server 2008
It enables parts of the cryptographic key hierarchy to be
managed by an external source such as Hardware Security
Module (HSM)
Column encryption Application are impacted , No encryption delays
for less sensitive data
Transparent data encryption Encryption is hidden from users and
applications , entire database is encrypted.
SQL server 2008 column encryption Cell level
Column encryption is implemented as a services of built-ins and a
key management hierarchy
Using this encryption is a manual process that requires a re-
architecture of the application to call the encryption and decryption
functions.
Encrypted data must be stored as varbinary and then re-cast back to
the appropriate data type when read
Column encryption is available in all SQL server editions
Practice encryption :
Create column encrypted data
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Your result
Column / CELL Encryption Steps
Create database master key for each database
(Note : Service master key was created when the instance was created )
Create a certificates to protect the key
Use certificate to create and protect the symmetric key
Alter database to hold the encrypted data
Open the key
Encrypt the data
Close the key
When decrypt the data
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Your result
Transparent data encryption
Transparent data encryption(TDE) is a special case of encryption
using a symmetric key
TDE encrypt an entire database using that symmetric key called
database encryption key
The database encryption key is protected by other keys or
certificates which are protected either by the database master key or
by an asymmetric key stored in a EKM module
TDE is available only in SQL server 2008 enterprise edition and sql
server 2008 Developer edition
Provide automatic query optimization techniques
MSDN
Practice
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Transparent Data encryption Steps
Create the master key encryption password
Create certificates
Backup the certificate
Create database encryption symmetric key
Alter database to set encryption on
Monitor encryption process
Backup and restore with TDE enabled
Take a backup database with TDE enabled
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Full backup
Take backup transaction
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Delete the database object and certificate for TDE
Restore database
You get an error
Fix it by
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And then restore database normally
Using snapshot in SQL server 2008
Use command
View snapshots
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SQL server 2008 High availability options
Failover clustering
Database mirroring
Log shipping
Replication
Failover clustering
Provides high availability for an entire instances of SQL server
A combination of one or more servers (called nodes)
Two or more shared disks
The application service had a virtual name that is independent of the
node names , and is referred to as the failover cluster instance name
The application does not have to know which node hosts the failover
cluster instance
A sql server failover cluster instances appears on the networks as a
single computer
A failover cluster does not protect against disk failure
Yu can use failover clustering to reduces system downtime and
provide higher application availability
Failover clustering is supported in SQL Server enterprise and SQLserver Developer and SQL server standard
Database mirroring
Mirroring involves a principal database and a mirror database
The mirror database is in accessible to clients
A read-only snapshots of the mirror database can be made available
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Runs with either synchronous operation (high-safety mode ), or
asynchronous operation (high-performance mode)
High-safety mode with automatic failover involves a third witness
server instance , which enables automatic failover
Database mirroring partners and witnesses are supported on SQL
server standard and sql server enterprise
Partners must use the same edition
High performance / asynchronous database mirroring in only
supported only by SQL server enterprise edition
Witnesses are also supported by SQL server workgroup and SQL
server express
Log shipping
Similar to mirroring
Operates at the database level
Can use the secondary database for limited reporting
Can have one or more secondary databases
For failover the secondary database must be brought fully up-to-date
by manually applying any unrestored log backups
Support in SQL server enterprise , standard and workgroup editions
Replication
Can distribute data to one or more secondary servers (subscribers)
Enables real-time availability across multiple servers
Support filtering and partitioning of data sent to subscribers
Subscribers are online and available for reporting or other function ,
without query recovery
Supported in all edition of SQL server
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Publishing is not available with SQL server Express or SQL server
compact 3.5 SP1
Allow filtering in the database to provide a subset of data at the
secondary database because it operates at the database scope
Allow more than one redundant copy of the database
Allows real-time availability and scalability across multiple databases
, supporting partitioned updates
Allow complete availability of the secondary databases for reporting
or other function , without query recoveryReplication and database mirroring
Database mirroring can be used in conjunction with replication to
provide availability for the publication database
Replication failover to a mirror is support for publication database
only
It is not supported for the distribution database or subscription
database
Database mirroring is recommended over log shipping for additional
fault tolerance in a replication environment
Selecting a high availability Solution
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How to install high availability
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Before install failover cluster
Object Description
SQL server virtual server The group of clustered servers
Heartbeat A UDP packet sent every 500 milliseconds
Failover The process of a new node coming online
Failback Reverse of the Failover
Quorum resource Shared disk that holds cluster configuration
Resource group Defines the items that failover
Cluster resource An application and services
Dependency A resource that must be online
Majority node cluster Each node contributes disk to the quorum
Failover cluster management Used to administer Window cluster
Cluster witness disk or file share Helps determine cluster state
Logical unit number Identifies a disk presented to a host
- Prerequisites
Two or more identical servers
Window server 2008 enterprise or data center edition
Two network interface per server
Shared disk storage
Distributed transaction Coordinator
Identical drive letter mapping for shared disk
Allow access through window 2008 firewall
Window server 2008 Failover clustering in place
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Separate service accounts for Microsoft Failover cluster server and SQL server
services
All node must be identical including all software and service pack hotfixes.
NETBIOS must be disabled
All hardware and software certified by microsoft and be on its window catalog
and Hardware Compatibility List
Network adapters must be listed in the order they are accessed network services
Separate network names and Ipv4 address for each services and application group
All server must use DNS for name resolution
All server must be the same domain
All servers should have the same domain role
- Practice
Start SQL server Installation center
Choose
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Choose image data
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Database Mirroring
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Mirroring overview
- Increase data protection
Database mirroring provides complete or almost complete redundancy of the data ,
depending on whether the operating mode is high-safety or high-performance
Increase availability of the database :
In the event of a disaster , in high-safety mode with automatic failover , failover
quickly brings the standby copy of the database online (without data loss ).
Improves the availability during upgrades :
You can sequentially upgrade the instance of SQL Server that are participating in
the database mirroring session . This is known as a rolling upgrade .
You cannot mirror system database :
Master , msdb, tempdb , model , or distribution
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Operating mode :
High-safety mode or synchronous operation
Under high-safety mode changes are committed on both servers with or
without automatic failover
High-performance or asynchronous operation
The principal server does not wait for acknowledgement from the mirror .
The mirror may or may not keep up with the log records sent by the
principal server
Mirroring role:
Principal server
Server instance that server the database to client
Mirror database
Second instance that acts as a hot or warm standby server
Witness server
High-safety mode with automatic failover requires a third server instance ,
known as a witness
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The mirror server initiates automatic failover only if the mirror and the
witness remain connected to each other after both have been disconnected
from the principal server
Mirroring service account :
When connecting the two instances what get authenticated is the service
account
For two server instances to communicate in the database mirroring session
The login account of each instances requires access to the other instances
Each login account requires connect permission to the database mirroring
endpoint of the other instance
A domain account (DOMAIN\UserName) is recommended
PRACTICE:
Setting up server engine service account .
- Join your server SQL server to domain AD .
- Now your server SQL server with SQL server engine is a user in domain
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- Edit your SQL server services:
- Choose your SQL server service
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- Choose your sql server serivce User : SQL server engine in your domain
- restart services sql server and you complete step1
- Some topic you must be cover before continue configure
- Database mirroring session
- Mirroring occurs within a session
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Database mirroring endpoint
- an endpoint is a SQL server object that enables SQL server to communicate
over the network
- For database mirroring , a server instances requires its own , dedicated
database mirroring endpoint
- All mirroring connections on a server instances use a single database
mirroring endpoint
- This endpoint is a special-purpose endpoint used exclusively to receive
database mirroring connection from other server instances . Client
connection to the principal server do not use the database mirroring
endpoint
- Each database mirroring endpoint listen on a unique TCP port number . The
database mirroring endpoint of a server instances controls the port on which
that listens for database mirroring message from other server instances.
Creating endpoint :
Principal server instances:
Mirror server instance:
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Witness server instance:
Role switching :
Automatic failover :
- in the presence of a witness , high-safety mode supports automatic failover
- Automatic failover occurs only on the loss of the principal server when the
witness and mirror server are still connected to each other and the database
is already synchronized
Manual failover :
- High-safety mode support manual failover
- Whenever the database is synchronized , the database owner can initiate a
manual failover
- Manual failover is provider for administrative purpose
For service (with possible data loss)
- Forcing service is supported in high-safety mode no witness is set and in
high-performance mode . On the loss of the principal server , the database
server owner can make the database available by forcing service to themirror server
CONFIGURE ENDPOINTs AND STARTING MIRRORING
- Take a backup full and transaction log on principal server and restore it to
mirroring server . sure with this.
- On principal server take mirroring
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Configuring security
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- Welcome next (@_@)
- For higher performance choose witness server
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Choose default
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Next step connect to mirroring server and witness server ; you need login by user
and pass for these server , or by the way use computer account for SQL server
same on these machine (nicely for window ;easy to install )
- leave blank
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Complete
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- Do you want to start ?
- that s all
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And this is recommend when you configure :
- The partner should run on comparable system that can handle identical
workloads
- The path (including the drive letter ) of the mirror database should be
identical to the path of the principal database
- All of the server instances in a mirroring session should use the samecollation . Differences will cause mirroring setup to fail
- Database mirroring can support a maximum of 10 database per server
instances
- Works only with database that use the full recovery model
- Database mirroring does not support FILESTREAM
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- Can not mirror system database .
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Log Shipping
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Log shipping overview :
Automatically send transaction log backups from a primary database on a
primary server instance to one or more secondary database .
Support an optional third server instance known as the monitor server
Log shipping consists of three operations:
Backup the transaction log at the primary server instance
Copy the transaction log file to the secondary server instance
Restore the log backup on the secondary server instance
The log can be shipped to multiple secondary server instances
Does not automatically fail over from the primary server to the secondary
server
You can use the secondary database for reporting purposes
Can configure alerts for your log shipping configuration.
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Edition support :
Enterprise
Standard
Workgroup
Web
Log shipping servers:
Primary server and database :
Your production server
Hosts the primary database
All administration of the log shipping configuration
Must use the full or bulk-logged recovery model
Secondary server and database:
Warm standby copy of your primary database .
Can contain backup copies of database from several different primary
servers .
The secondary database must be initialized by restoring a full backup of
primary database .
Monitor server (optional)
Tacks all of the details of log shipping such as :
When the transaction log on the primary database was last backed up
When the secondary servers last copies and restored the backup files
Information about any backup failure alerts
Should be on a server separate from the primary or secondary servers
A single monitor server can monitor multiple log shipping configurations
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Log shipping setup ;
Choose server for your primary server , secondary server , and optional
monitor server
Create a file share for the transaction logs backup
Choose a backup schedule for the primary database
Create a folder for each secondary server into which the transaction log
backup files will be copied
Configure one or more secondary database
Optionally configure a monitor server
Share folder permission:
Full control or if you know permission window (-_-) secret by
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On server of primary database :
Configure backup setting:
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Choose your share folder :
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You can edit schedule by click on Schedule:
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Add server instances:
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Choose secondary database :
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Choose share folder :
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Choose restore mode:
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Hit ok and success:
Status of primary database log shipping:
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Status of log shipping:
Primary server tables :
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Secondary server tables:
Monitor server tables :
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SQL server 2008 replication
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Distributing data and database objects
Data redundancy
Faster access
Server to server replication:
Server to client replication
The SQL server 2008 replication roles :
Publisher
The data source publisher
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Distributor
Store replication data
Local Distributor VS Remote Distributor
Subcriber
Database instance that receives data
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The players:
SQL server agent
- the boss
Snapshot agent
- it is used in all form of replication
Log reader Agent
- Used in transactional replication
- Extracts and sends transactions from publishers log
Distribution Agent
- Dispatcher
Merge agent
- Use merge Replication
Configure Replication :
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- add computer to domain
- Create domain account
- Configure the firewall
- Install SQL Server and replication
- Configure Distribution
- Create the publication
- Configure the subscriber
- Create the subscribtion
- Verify data was replicated at the subsscriber
1- Your computer need to add to domain (your database need to replicate)
2- Create domain account
Create an user account for manage mdm in your domain add this login to SQL
server (main + replicate server ) add server roles sysadmin
And this is replication User account
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Your user account:
Configure the firewall:
Add program SQL server management studio to exception firewall and add port
exclude 1433 with name sql server .
Remember all machine to need configure this
Install sql server and replication for all machine in your replication
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This is next step:
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Next choosing
Next choosing
next choosing:
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Next choosing:
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Default for many require and message: and install this
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Complete install
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Configuring Distribution:
On main server database source :
Choose this :
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Welcome next
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Choose this or you dont like:
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You need start automatically for SQl server agent
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Choose snapshot folder :
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Choose distribution database :
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Publisher:
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End configure :
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Finish to complete:
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Configure complete:
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Your system database have a database for distributor:
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Configure distribution:
Remember many user we created in domain , now you need to add this to SQL
server role :
Repl_logreader
Repl_snapshot
Repl_distribution
Repl_merge
and add user mapping to database :
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And your database need to replication
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Remember path for replication you install on first step :
Find this:
Share this to network :
Add users and for full control on this folder:
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And add users to security of folder with full control permission:
End of configure for Distribution:
Create publication:
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Choose this :
Welcome next
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Choose database for publication:
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Next on next screen:
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Choose table for replication (need primary key)
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Filter tables row if you need:
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Create snapshot:
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User for agent :
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Creating
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Finish:
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Complete:
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Check configure :
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Configure the subscriber:
Welcome next:
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Choose publication:
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Default on next screen:
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Add subscribers:
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Configure security:
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Add user repl_distribution
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Next
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Schedule:
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Start
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Create and finish
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On secondary database (replication )
You will see your database with name Eastern
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Now some word you need understand :
Publisher:
Source of the replicated data
Distributor:
Handles distribution of the data
Can be on a separate computer
Subscriber:
The recipient of the replicated data
Article:
Data and objects that will be shared or replicated
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Publication :
A group of articles just like a newspaper or magazine
Subscription:
The plan for who gets what publication and when
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Resource governor
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Manage resource utilization
Demand for database services will continue to increase.
You are always on a path towards disaster
The best DBA may go completely unnoticed
Can managed
Run away process
Login priority
Classification :
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A classifier function :
Can classify incoming request based on various criteria :
- Login
- Database name
- Host name
- Application name
- Connection properties such as IP address or protocol
Create a classifier function:
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Example :
Security for resource governor
To change the resource governor configuration , a user requires CONTROL
SERVER permission (sysadmin role)
To view active configuration , a user requires VIEW SERVER STATEpermission (serveradmin role)
Enable :
ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE
Disable:
ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR DISABLE
Resource pool
Pools of system resource are defined and the percentage of those resources
is located to the pool
Used to minimize the effect of runaway process
Groups system resources and access levels
Presently only CPU time and memory can be managed
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Create resource pool
Workloads group
Workload group server as container for processes running against the database .
these container or group are mapped to specified resource pool
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Create resource pool and workloads group
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Performance tuning
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SQl server profiler
Can step through queries for troubleshooting
Identify slow queries
Capture traces for analysis and relay
Provide input for the Database Engine tuning Advisor
Find problems related to locks and deadlock situations
Pre-built configuration template
Database engine tuning Advisor
Helps automates SQL server optimization
Can suggest
- Adding / deleting indexes
- Adding new partition
- Adding Statistics
Comes with pre-define configuration templates
Customizable
Generates T-SQL code for recommended changes
Can use SQL server Profiler trace as input
Can evaluate queries for optimization
How to use this ,(@_@) it is a secret
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SQL server 2008 Integration services
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Integration service
Business Intelligence (BI )
The practice of taking raw data and making it useful for supporting
business goal and decision
Integration Service (SSIS )
Integration of information from various systems
Analysis Services (SSAS )
Data analysis tools supporting business decisions
Reporting services (SSRS)
Reporting tools creating , running and maintaining custom reports
Cover in integration services
Integration services is a platform for building high performance data
integration and workflow solution , including extraction , transformation ,
and loading (ETL) operations
Merging Data from Heterogeneous Data Stores
Cleaning and Standardizing Data
How to use :
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Set service account;
Set account
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Configure firwall
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Add port :
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Edit file MsDtsSrvr.ini.xml
Edit this file , for more information need an help in microsoft:
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In some case you must edit registry window
Import wizard :
Welcome next
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Choose source data:
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Choose data source
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Complete data source:
View data
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Choose destination:
Choose table destination:
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You can edit mapping table:
Choose SSIS package:
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Choose save package:
Summary and finish
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Connect integration server:
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Choose run package:
This is complete for ETL (extract , transform and load)
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