02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 1

SRE Controls, Inc.

Chinese Cycle Association

Shanghi, China

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 2

Agenda…………. Greetings & Introduction

Engineering Challenges with Controllers.

Goals when designing controllers.

Advanced Technologies.

SRE Company Overview.

Summary & Questions.

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 3

Engineering challenges with controllers

How are controllers different than traditional electronics………….sophistication!o Higher power

o High Frequency switching

o Inductances

o Safety issues

o Electrical Noise

o Heat management

o Greater Efficiencies.

o Imbedded Algorithms.

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 4

Goals When Designing Controllers

High Reliability

Manageable Cost

Functionality

Solid Performance

Advance Technologies

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 5

Reliability

Typical Reasons for poor reliabilityo Vibration, all electric vehicles are exposed to vibration.

o Poor construction.

o Corrosion caused by moisture, climate & humidity.

o Poor mechanical design of packaging.

o Substandard PCB manufacturing.

o Thermal control - proper heat dissipation is critical !

o Performance margins - most controllers do not have enough

overhead to ensure reasonable life.

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 6

Reliability Cont.

Free-wheeling Energyo This is the energy that is generated by the motor when it is coasting.

Two approaches to managing Free-wheeling energy.

o Option One• Dissipate the energy through diodes.

• This causes a great deal of heat.• Reduces efficiency.

o Option Twoo Synchronous Rectification:

• Control technique utilizing MOSFETs to control fly-back motor current.• Reduces controller/battery heating and energy waste. • Improves energy efficiency.• Extends the life of electronics.• SRE Patent.

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 7

Costs

Cost is always a factor in design.

Selection of high volume automotive type components?

Cost should include reliability data

o Un-reliable products cost 4 times more than reliable products in service and customer problems.

Volume production with automated design.

Simple packaging.

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 8

Functionality

Safety functions o Controller should shut off if throttle fails.o Vehicle should not move if key is turned on & the throttle is

engaged. Power ratings

o Power rating should be enough for the most extreme conditions. (i.e. steep hills, large weight being transported.)

o Peak and continuous ratings should be adequate. Thermal protection

o Controller should protect itself from damage under any conditions, even abuse.

Environmental protection.

Customer mistakes or abuse of vehicle.

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 9

Performance

Industrial rated components during design.

Power components are adequate & high

quality.

Voltage ranges.

Self protection.

o Mistakes

SRE TSP-100 Bike / Scooter Controller

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 10

Future Technology…………….

Wireless Technologyo BlueTooth / Wi-Fi /RF Networking for vehicle / fleet

management.

Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)o Leverage off the next generation of devices / design tools of

FPGA vendors such as Xilinx and Altera to:

o Reduce the complexity & component costs of integrated circuits by migrating to On-Chip designs.

Smaller, advanced components.

Surface mount vs thru-hole PCB’s.

Thermal Potting

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 11

Company Overview……….

Established in 1990.

Design & manufacture high performance, high-voltage micro-processor based, drive and hydraulic control systems & accessories for a wide variety of electric vehicles (EV’s).

SRE’s products & integrated systems are used in battery powered vehicles across multiple applications globally.

SRE’s technology is adaptable for the growing alternative-powered (fuel-cell) market.

Established executive sales & Corp. presence in China.

Forklift AGVGolfScooterMobility

Scrubber

GSEBoom Utility

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 12

Core Competencies……….

Power Managemento High frequency.o Low voltage, high current.o 10 - 1000A, 12 – 96V.

Motors Controlso ACo BLDCo Sep-Exo Switched Reluctanceo Permanent Magneto Series

Hardware Designo Controls and Powero Rapid Proto-typing

Softwareo Embedded to Application

software.

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 13

Summary………..

1. The Design & manufacture of Motor Controls is critical.

2. Cost design & functionality are key to your business.

3. North American and Chinese Manufacturing?

4. Advanced technology for future cost reduction?

5. Focus on -- Reliability, Reliability, Reliability !

These have been core competencies of SRE for over a decade

………..please contact us if we can assist you with your

controller and EV requirements.

02/19/2005 Proprietary & Confidential. 14

Peter McDonaldThank You.

Questions ?

www.srecontrols.com