søren knudsen clustering and categorizing · 2017. 10. 4. · nvivo saturate app based on...
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![Page 1: Søren Knudsen CLUSTERING AND CATEGORIZING · 2017. 10. 4. · nVivo Saturate app Based on pen-and-paper Based on a large surface (e.g., whiteboard, table, floor) EXERCISE: CLUSTERING](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61201eec1f393242aa74bc3f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CLUSTERING AND CATEGORIZINGA n a l y z i n g Q u a l i t a t i v e D a t a
Søren Knudsen
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CODE DEVELOPMENT
CODING SORTING SYTHESIZING THEORIZING
Codes Categories Themes Theory
Specific Abstract / General
- adapted from Saldaña, 2013
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CODE DEVELOPMENT
Specific Abstract / General
- adapted from Saldaña, 2013
Categorize codes and build themes from:• The relationship
between codes• The common
meaning between codes
• Focused coding• Axial coding• Theoretical coding• Pattern coding• Elaborative coding• Longitudinal
coding
CODING SORTING SYTHESIZING THEORIZING
Codes Categories Themes Theory
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Aim
To be able to say something meaningful on a topic
To understand what you still know little about
To describe in a paper, thesis, presentation, …
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Distilling the richness of the data,
Focus,
Relating concepts, ...
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Make sense of the coded data
Clustering
Categorizing
Relating codes around a core focus
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Example study: Data analysts imagine collaborative analysis on large displays
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Wo r k s h o p s t u d y o n l a r g e d i s p l a y s a n d v i zArtistic photography
Knudsen et al., 2012
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Excerpt of codes from th is s tudy
Working with, representing and understanding groups or segments in data
Compare two groups [of data]Compare many groups
Confusing
Representations of data Working with multiple different representations of data simultaneously
Bubble plots
Known representation
Novel representation
Persistency
Knudsen et al., 2012
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Excerpt of codes from th is s tudy
Working with, representing and understanding groups or segments in data
Compare two groups [of data]Compare many groups
Representations of data Working with multiple different representations of data simultaneously
Bubble plots
Known representation
Novel representation
Persistency
Knudsen et al., 2012
![Page 11: Søren Knudsen CLUSTERING AND CATEGORIZING · 2017. 10. 4. · nVivo Saturate app Based on pen-and-paper Based on a large surface (e.g., whiteboard, table, floor) EXERCISE: CLUSTERING](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61201eec1f393242aa74bc3f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Excerpt of codes from th is s tudy
Working with, representing and understanding groups or segments in data
Compare two groups [of data]Compare many groups
Representations of data Working with multiple different representations of data simultaneously
Bubble plots
Known representation
Novel representation
Persistency
Knudsen et al., 2012
![Page 12: Søren Knudsen CLUSTERING AND CATEGORIZING · 2017. 10. 4. · nVivo Saturate app Based on pen-and-paper Based on a large surface (e.g., whiteboard, table, floor) EXERCISE: CLUSTERING](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61201eec1f393242aa74bc3f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Excerpt of codes from th is s tudy
Working with, representing and understanding groups or segments in data
Compare two groups [of data]Compare many groups
Representations of data Working with multiple different representations of data simultaneously
Bubble plots
Known representation
Novel representation
Persistency
Knudsen et al., 2012
COMPARE GROUPS OF DATA
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Excerpt of codes from th is s tudy
Working with, representing and understanding groups or segments in data
Compare two groups [of data]Compare many groups
Working with multiple different representations of data simultaneously
Knudsen et al., 2012
COMPARE GROUPS OF DATA
![Page 14: Søren Knudsen CLUSTERING AND CATEGORIZING · 2017. 10. 4. · nVivo Saturate app Based on pen-and-paper Based on a large surface (e.g., whiteboard, table, floor) EXERCISE: CLUSTERING](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61201eec1f393242aa74bc3f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Excerpt of codes from th is s tudy
Working with, representing and understanding groups or segments in data
Compare two groups [of data]
Working with multiple different representations of data simultaneously
Knudsen et al., 2012
COMPARE GROUPS OF DATA
Compare many groups
![Page 15: Søren Knudsen CLUSTERING AND CATEGORIZING · 2017. 10. 4. · nVivo Saturate app Based on pen-and-paper Based on a large surface (e.g., whiteboard, table, floor) EXERCISE: CLUSTERING](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61201eec1f393242aa74bc3f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Excerpt of codes from th is s tudy
Working with, representing and understanding groups or segments in data
Compare two groups [of data] Compare many groups
Working with multiple different representations of data simultaneously
Knudsen et al., 2012
COMPARE GROUPS OF DATA
?
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“The purpose of axial coding is to begin the process of reassembling data that were fractured during open coding”
Strauss & Corbin, 1998
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Empirical data can have many forms
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Can be
Auditory
Textual (e.g., interview transcripts, web-material, papers)
Visual (e.g., photos, videos, drawings)
Artifacts
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Process and approac h
Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Systems (CAQDAS)
MaxQDA
nVivo
Saturate app
Based on pen-and-paper
Based on a large surface (e.g., whiteboard, table, floor)
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EXERCISE: CLUSTERING DATAAnalyzing Qual i tat ive Data
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VISUAL DATA
Collection of postcards by G. Lupi and S. Posavec
from the “Dear Data” Project
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PROCESS
1. Familiarize yourself with the data setspread out the postcards
look at them individually
2. Group them in clustersfind postcards that you think share a commonality
group these postcards spatially
create a label for these groups
3. Look for potential spectrumbased on the groups, consider spectrums/axes in the data
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EXTRA INFORMATION
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L is t of CAQDAS’s
ATLAS.ti: www.atlasti.com
HyperRESEARCH: www.researchware.com
MAXQDA: www.maxqda.com
NVivo: www.qsrinternational.com
QDA Miner: www.provalisresearch.com
Qualrus: www.qualrus.com
Transana: www.transana.org (for audio and video data materials)
Weft QDA: www.pressure.to/qda/
Noldus Observer: http://www.noldus.com/human-behavior-research/products/
Saturate app: http://www.saturateapp.com/