The Newspaper of The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka Vol. 53, No 01, February / March 2017Registered at the GPO as a Newspaper No. QD/121/News/2017

President’s CornerDear Members,

It’s my pleasure and privilege to informyou that the Engineering Profession inour country now has a regulatory body,

the Engineering Council.

Sri Lanka Parliament, on 23rd February, 2017 passed the bill toestablish the “Engineering Council” which shall be responsiblefor the maintenance of professional standards and conduct ofEngineering Practitioners; registration of different categories ofEngineering Practitioners; and to provide for the matters con-nected there with.

As the President of IESL, I am truly privileged and delighted tosee this cherished dream of the members of our professionrealized at the Sri Lankan Parliament. The institution of Engi-neers, Sri Lanka had been in the fore front leading the wholeprocess relentlessly till it became a success. I salute our PastPresidents, Council members and members of IESL who spear-headed the related activities.Though there were several set-backs, it was with our courage and determination that; we wereable to push through.

I must thank Hon. Ranjith Siyambalapitiya, Minister of Powerand Renewable Energy, Hon. Patalie Champika Ranawaka, Min-ister of Megapolis and Western Development, Hon. Ajith PPerera, Deputy Minister of Power and Renewable Energy, Chair-man and members of the oversight committee, Hon. Membersof Parliament, Secretary and Additional Secretary of Ministry ofPower and Renewable Energy, of-ficers of the Attorney General's de-partment and legal draftsman's of-fice for the trust bestowed on us.

Together, the IESL & EngineeringCouncil, shall turn a new chapterin Engineering in Sri Lanka.

Thank you

Eng. Jayavilal MeegodaPresident, Institution ofEngineers, Sri LankaPresident, Federation of Engi-neering Institutions of Centraland South Asia

Much Awaited“Engineering Council, Sri Lanka”

Bill Passed in ParliamentRead more on this in the "President's Corner" and "Editorial"

IESL Marks World WaterDay 2017

March 22nd of each year being declared by the United Nations (UN) as the WorldWater Day (WWD) dedicated to WATER, the IESL Water Forum organized itsown World Water Day programme to mark the occasion with presentations by

several well-known specialists in the field of water on 23rd March, 2017 at theWimalasurendra Auditorium of the institution. Contd. on page 2...

AWAIT …IESL Induction

andGraduation

Ceremony 2017to be held

25th August,2017

at the BMICH

“Women Engineers’ Day 2017”held Amidst much Enthusiasm of

Women Engineer MembersWomen Engineers’ Day 2017 and WEF - AGM

The Women Engineers’ Day 2017 organized by the

Women Engineers’ Forum(WEF) of the IESL washeld on Monday, 20thMarch, 2017 at theWimalasurendra Audito-rium of the institution.

The Ambassador to the Neth-erlands in Sri Lanka, Her Ex-cellency Mrs. JoanneDoornewaard graced the oc-casion as the Chief Guest.The event commenced withthe national anthem and light-ing of the traditional oil lamp.Eng. (Mrs.) MangalaWickramanayke – Chairper-

son –WEF delivered thewelcome address and thiswas followed by the ChiefGuest’s address. Dr.Achela K. Fernando, Ad-junct Senior Lecturer,Griffith School of Engineer-ing Brisbane, Queensland,Australia delivered theGuest Speech on “Ad-dressing gender-imbal-ance in Engineering”.Large number of womenengineer members of theIESL participated.

The AGM of the WEF washeld thereafter to select thenew office bearers andMrs. MangalaWickramanayake was re-elected as the New Chair-person for the next ses-sion. The Women Engi-neers’ Day activities con-cluded with Lunch.

SRI LANKAENGINEERING NEWSEstablished 1906

The Institution of EngineersSri Lanka

120/15, Wijerama MawathaColombo 7, Sri Lanka

Tel: 2685490,2698426, 2699210Fax: 2699202E.mail:ed@sltnet.lk/iesl@slt.lkWebsite:http://www.iesl..lk

in this issue • Sri Lanka Science and Engineering Fair (SLSEF) 2017..............................2• IESL Cricket FIESTA 2017......3

• The Editorial..........................4• IESL Commemorates 113th Birth Anniversary of Eng.(Prof.) R H Paul...............4

• Young Members Technical Conference...................... .....4• Young Members Section IESL Day 2017 at University of Jaffna.............................5

• IESL – Ruhunu Chapter - Executive Committee Elected for year 2016/2017.............6

• The Institution of Engineers Day @ Japura Faculty of Engineering...........................6

• The uma oya multi pupose development project; breakthrough in the link tunnel...................................7• Regional Cooperation for ICT Sector Infrastructure Development & Service Plan by: President - Elect, Eng. (Prof.) Mrs. N Ratnayake Country Paper – Sri Lanka..............8, 9, 10 & 11• Publications Available for Sale...................................12

Sri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 20172 IESL NEWS

Sri Lanka Science andEngineering Fair (SLSEF) 2017

The gateway to the international arena forcreative and innovative

talent among Sri Lankanschool children, the Sri LankaScience and Engineering Fair(SLSEF) for the year 2017 gotunderway on Thursday, 9thFebruary at theWimalasurendra Auditorium ofthe IESL.The SLSEF is a joint effortwhere the Ministry of Educa-tion, National Science Foun-dation (NSF), Intel® EM Lim-ited-Sri Lanka Liaison Officeand the IESL had joined handssince year 2007 to promotecreativity and innovationamong the country’s youngergeneration.The cream of student talentsifted from two separate com-petitions, the Junior Inventorof the Year (JIY) competitionconducted by the IESL andthe Science Research ProjectCompetition (SRPC) con-ducted by the NSF, competeat the SLSEF with the ulti-mate goal of winning thechance to participate at an

international level in the IntelISEF held in USA.

The Intel ISEF is where thebest of world’s best young sci-entists and inventors from over70 countries come togethereach year to share their ideas,showcase their cutting edgescience and engineeringprojects and win awards andscholarships.Since beginning to competein the Intel ISEF 2008 its stu-dent protégés have done SriLanka proud clinching presti-gious awards at the grand cer-emonies with one of themeven earning the unique dis-tinction of a newly discoveredplanet being named after him.Many of them made good onthe networking and exposurethey received at the Intel ISEFto become successful entre-preneurs.President of IESL, Eng.Jayavilal Meegoda, welcomedthe large audience comprisedof competing school children,their parents and teachers aswell as members of the panelof judges. Eng. Jayavilal

Meegoda is now in theunique position of simulta-neously being the Presidentof IESL and the ActingChairman of the NationalScience Foundation, thetwo bodies which indepen-dently promote creativityand innovation amongschool children to partici-pate in the SLSEF. He hasdedicated nearly 16 years ofhis professional career to thecause, serving first as JIYcommittee member gradu-ally to take up its chairman-ship before he was electedto be the President Electand finally became the cur-rent President of IESL. Helaid out his vision of takingIESL’s commitment to thecause a step further to pro-mote entrepreneurial aspira-tions among its JIY partici-pants by established the JIYAlumni and also opening upan “Entrepreneur Forum" ofthe IESL to those of themwho joined the engineeringfraternity by choosing theengineering stream forhigher education.

The focus of this year’s event was on wastewater and ways toreduce and reuse as over 80% of all the wastewater from ourhomes, cities, industry and agriculture flows back to naturepolluting the environment and losing valuable nutrients and otherrecoverable materials.

Wastewater being the theme for this year’s WWD the presen-tations focused on this subject and were as follows;

‘Making Progress in the Urban Water Sector’ By: Dr. HerathManthrithilaka, Head – Sri Lanka Development Initiative – IWMI

'Options for reuse and recycling of wastewater' By: Eng. Prof.Mrs Niranjanie Ratnayake, President (Elect), IESL, Senior Pro-fessor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa.

‘Water for Irrigation –Do we use right quality in Sri Lanka?’ By:Eng. Ms. Manjula Samarakoon, Chief Engineer - Water Man-agement Department of Irrigation. .

‘Challenges & Future Trends in Wastewater Disposal’ By: Eng.Dhanesh Gunatilake, Waste Water Treatment Specialist NWS& DB.

‘Sustainable Development Goals and Waste water’ By: Eng.Ananda Jayaweera, Water & Sanitation Specialist.

A ‘Question & Answer Session followed the presentations. Thelarge audience comprised of members of the institution as wellas the public.

Contd. from page 1-.... IESL Marks World Water....

JIY2017Dear Student Inventors,Do you like to showcase your invention in the United Statesof America among 75 countries?Come, participate & be a winner in the Junior Inventor of theYear (JIY) competition, conducted annually for the 30th timeby the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka (IESL).You can also participate in the Intel International Science &Engineering Fair (ISEF) competition and bring honour tomother Lanka by becoming a JIY winner.JIY 2017 preliminary competitions will be held in the monthsof July& August at the provincial level. Get your invention reg-istered in the competition by submitting a completed ap-

plication to the following address on or before 15th of July2017. For more details please visit www.iesl.lk or contactour members using following contact numbers.Junior Inventor of the Year Committee,The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka120/15, Wijerama Mawatha,Colombo 07.Web – www.iesl.lkEmail – jiy.iesl@ymail.com, ed@sltnet.lkTel – Maduranga - 071 3535329, Dayan - 071 8735338Fax – 0112699202

Sri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 20173IESL NEWS

IESL CRICKET FIESTA 2017

The cricket tournament organized by Young Members’ Section for the IESL Members and University Students was held on Saturday, 18th February2017 successfully at the Thurstan grounds. Twenty two (22) teams competed representing Sectional committees, Provincial chapters & Universities.Matches were conducted under two categories namely, ‘Members Category’ & ‘University Category’.

Member Category

Sectional Committee / Provincial Chapter Team Name

1 Buil. Services. Engineering Sectional Committee Super High Risers2 Chemical Engineering Sectional Committee Super Chem3 Civil Engineering Sectional Committee Team Civil4 Electrical Engineering Sectional Committee Surge Creators5 IT & Communication Sectional Committee ITC6 Mechanical Engineering Sectional Committee Mech Master Blasters7 YMS & JIY Young Blood8 Eastern Chapter Eastern & Kandurata Mix

Maroon9 Kandurata Chapter Kadurata Royals10 Northern (Vadakkin) Chapter Vadakkin Super Kings11 Rajarata Chapter Rajarata Super Kings12 Ruhunu Chapter Ruhunu Warriors13 Sabaragamuwa Chapter Sabaragamuwa14 Uva Chapter Wellassa Champion15 Wayamba Chapter Wayamba Champion16 Toastmasters club IESL Toastmasters

University CategoryUniversity Team Name

01 Ruhuna University Chapter Ruhuna Swashbucklers

02 Peradeniya University Chapter Pera Warriors

03 Moratuwa University Chapter Team Moratuwa

04 Eastern University Chapter South Eastern University

05 Jaffna University Chapter University of Jaffna

06 Open University Chapter Team OUSLThe competing teams wereselected by a draw. Then theleaders tossed the coin andstarted the match. All theteam members were given t-shirts at the draw. Organizershad made a special coin fortossing. All the matches wereconducted as knock-outmatches.

Accordingly, under membercategory ‘Mech Master Blast-ers’ and ‘Vadakkin SuperKings’ competed in the final.The toss was won by the‘Mech Master Blasters’ andthey chose to bat first. The‘Mech Master Blasters’ man-aged to set a target of 108runs in 7 overs to their oppo-nents. Although the rainstopped the match for awhileduring the fourth over of thesecond half, the match wascontinued after the umpiresconfirmed the quality of thepitch. Mech Master Blasterswon the final, becoming theChampions of IESLPresident's Challenge Trophy.

Member CategoryChampion Mech Master BlastersRunner up Vadakkin Super KingsPlayer of the Series Eng. LAN Sirimanne (Mech Master Blasters)Best Batsman Eng. B Dinesh (Vadakkin Super Kings)Best Bowler Eng. Janaka Chaminda (Mech Master

Blasters)

University CategoryChampion Pera WarriorsRunner up Ruhuna SwashbucklersPlayer of the Series Mr. MDMKS Dissnayake (RuhunaSwashbucklers)Best Batsman Mr. RGN Madushanka (Pera Warriors)Best Bowler Mr. WAGNPR Ranasinghe (Pera Warriors)

There was another final match under University Category be-tween ‘University of Peradeniya’ and ‘University of Ruhuna’, whichwas won by ‘University of Peradeniya’. ‘University of Ruhuna’chose to bat first and successfully scored 77 runs in 7 overs.However the second bat team ‘University of Peradeniya’ playedsuperbly and won the match in 5.2 overs.

Finally the IESL Cricket Fiesta successfullycame up to the awarding ceremony. Eng JMeegoda (President-IESL), Eng Ranjith Silva(Hon.Treasurer-IESL) & Eng. Dayan Herath(Chairman-YMS) graced the prize giving cer-emony.

Despite the wins & losses, all the memberswere happy and congratulated the YoungMembers’ Section for organizing such a won-derful event. Further it was suggested by Eng.Jayavilal Meegoda that this initiative shouldbe continued every year. Few glimpses of theevent are attached with this report.

Sri LankaEngineering News

Sri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 20174 IESL NEWS

The much awaited Engineering council bill waspassed in the parlia-

ment on 23rd February, 2017.This was as a result of at leastthree decades of hard work ofour members of IESL and thepast and current leadership ofthe Institution with the bless-ings of political representationswho believed that countryshould have registered profes-sional practitioners in the fieldof Engineering and Technology.

The IESL had been conferring the Chartered Engineer sta-tus to the engineering practitioners with suitable academicqualifications and experience after a rigorous performancereview. With the Engineering Council Act , the CharteredEngineer conferred by IESL in Sri Lanka has been kept atthe top of professional hierarchy. The other categories in-cluding Associate Engineers, Affiliate Engineers, Incorpo-rated Engineers, Engineering technicians ..etc have beenidentified with relevant qualifications and each such prac-titioner has to be registered with the new EngineeringCouncil(EC).

The country will benefit by being able to utilize correctresource to specific work. Often professional accountabil-ity in engineering works had been taken for granted inpast. Through this new framework such bad practitionerswill face serious consequences including cancellation oftheir licenses and even may face litigation. Professionalregistration therefore ensures the current and future safe-guarding of our society.

For practicing individuals this act brings numerous ben-efits once registered. Improved carrier prospects and em-ployability, proof of the expertise, higher earning potential,national and international recognition, enhanced self-es-teem and social status are few of them.

In next few months we expect to see this council cominginto operation. IESL representing majority members in thiscouncil shall play the leading role.

Eng. Indika Walpitage,(Indika.walpitage@gmail.com)

Comparison between BS8110& Euro code - 2 (EC2) twoSunday weekend classes.

For registration please findcontact details given below.email -vkbengineering@gmail.comContact office - 0114934266Mobile - 0777666149Venue - ColomboTime - Morning sessionFee - Rs. 30,000/=

Date of commencement –May 1st week to May 3rd

week (Sundays only)

IESL Commemorates 113th BirthAnniversary of Eng.(Prof.) R H Paul

The 113th birth anniversary of Eng.(Prof.) Robert Haisington Paul,

(popularly known as R. H.Paul) was commemorated byIESL with a memorial lectureheld at the WimalasurendraAuditorium of the institution onTuesday, 9th February, 2017from 1715 hours.

This year’s lecture was on thetheme ‘Enabling Power Sys-tems of the Future’ and wasdelivered by Eng. (Prof.)Kithsiri M. Liyanage - Profes-sor, Department of Electricaland Electronic Engineering,Faculty of Engineering, Uni-versity of Peradeniya and cur-rently at SLIIT as a VisitingProfessor.

Welcoming the full-house au-dience Eng. JayavilalMeegoda, President of IESLstated that considered as fa-ther of Electrical Engineering

Education in Sri Lanka, LateProfessor R. H. Paul, in1933, when he joined CeylonTechnical College, Colombo,the only institution offeringcourses in engineering in thecountry at that time, as aLecturer, worked tirelessly todevelop higher level electri-cal engineering courses andestablish laboratory facilitiesat the Ceylon Technical Col-lege. His hard work paid-offwhen the University of Lon-don recognized the CeylonTechnical College, in 1942,as an institution to preparestudents for its prestigiousB.Sc. (Engineering) externaldegree programs.

When the University ofCeylon established its Fac-ulty of Engineering, Prof.R.H. Paul was one of itsfounder members and wasthe natural choice for its firstProfessor of Electrical Engi-

neering, the position he helduntil his retirement in 1968.Prof. Paul once again dis-played his professionalism asan academic, in developingthe courses of study in Elec-trical Engineering, planningand establishing the labora-tory facilities for the programsand training the technical stafffor the faculty, both at its tem-porary facilities in Colombo aswell as when it was shifted tothe permanent facilities inPeradeniya, later.

The legacy of the spaciousand well planned electrical en-gineering laboratory complexof the Peradeniya Engineer-ing faculty stands as the tes-timony for his professionalismand futuristic planning, in de-veloping the concept for thesame.

The lighting of the traditionaloil lamp and garlanding of theportrait of the late Professorby the President of the IESL,Eng. Jayavilal Meegoda, pre-ceded the delivery of the Me-morial Lecture.

The memorial lecture hadbeen organized by the Elec-trical and Electronic Engineer-ing Sectional Committee ofthe IESL. Family members ofthe late Professor, CouncilMembers, Past Presidentsand other members of the in-stitution attended in largenumbers the commemora-tion.

Sri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 20175IESL NEWS

YOUNG MEMBERS' SECTIONTHE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, SRI LANKA

IESL Day 2017 at University of JaffnaOrganized by : Young Members’ Section & Jaffna Student ChapterDate : 11th February 2017Venue : Administration Building, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jaffna

The IESL Day event forthe year of 2017, whichis the very first event of

its kind for the session wasorganized and successfullyconducted on the 11th of Feb-ruary, 2017 from 8am to 4pmat the Faculty of Engineering,University of Jaffna. The IESLpresident Eng. JayalalMeegoda graced the eventwith his presence as ChiefGuest. The IESL VadakinChapter Chairman Eng.Barathithasan, the YMS Chair-man Eng.Dayan Herath,Engineeers R.Rajkumar,N.Nantharupan and AloyciusSanthiapillai took part in thetechnical session as guestsand resource personals. TheDean of the faculty, Heads ofDepartments and studentsfrom all 4 departments partici-pated in the event.

As the main objective of theIESL day was to connect aca-demics and undergraduateswith the Engineering industryand its senior Engineering pro-fessionals, it comprised ofseveral technical talks by se-nior Engineers. A ResearchProject Poster Presentationby the final year students ofthe faculty was also con-ducted. Valuable feedback onimplementation of the re-search projects, ways to im-prove the applications side ofthe projects and ideas on howto provide industrially appli-cable solutions in Sri Lankancontext were gathered duringthe Poster Presentation Ses-sion.

A membership drive sessionwas also conducted in theevening during which all thefresh students to the facultyapplied for their Student Mem-bership from The Institution ofEngineers, Sri Lanka.

The Following TechnicalTalks were delivered duringthe day and served as ex-cellent mediums of knowl-edge transfer between Se-nior Engineers and the En-gineering Undergrads:

1. Short Address on behalfof Vadakkin chapter byEng .T.Ba ra th i t hasan(Chairman, IESL Vadakkinchapter )2. Presentation on Desali-nation and Reverse Osmo-sis by Eng. R. Rajkumar3. Technical session byEng.N.Nantharupan ( Trea-surer, IESL Vadakkin chap-ter )4. Talk on Road Safety byEng.Aloycius Santhiapillai5.Talk about the YoungMembers’ Section by Eng.Dayan Herath (Chairman,YMS)

6. Talk on Engineers role inthe Society & Industry byEng. J Meegoda (President,IESL)The organizers would like tothank Eng. JayavilalMeegoda (Prsident-IESL),Eng.Barathidasan (Chair-man-Vadakkin Chapter) &Eng. Dayan Herath (Chair-man-YMS) for the supportrendered for the sucessfulevent. Further, we want totake this opportunity tothank the University admin-istration for their support andextend our sincere gratitudeto the dean Dr.A.Atputharajah for his guid-ance. The hardwork andcommitment of the IESL Stu-dents’ Chapter and the stu-dent chapter chairman Mr.S. Nidershan and his teamis not to be forgotten at thismoment.

Organizing Committee1.K.R.S.Lankapriya2.W.A.Prasad Kumara3.W.A.D.D.K.Wikramaraachchi4.R.Rajan5.R.M.K.G.S.J.J.Rathnayaka6.B.D.G.H.Bopitiya7.S.Nidershan8.Priyantha Vijayathunga9.R.Neethan10.Muditha Kumarasiri11.Sajith Ranathunga12.D.G.T.L.Karunathilaka

Organizing CommitteeEng. Dayan HerathEng. Indika PereraEng. Jagath LalWickramasekeraEng. Dinesh DissanayakaEng. Thilina RajapaksheEng. Dilina de SilvaEng. Gihan ChamaraEng. Sanchala CooreraEng. Sasitha JayanethEng. NadeeshaHemachandraEng. Sachinthala FernandoEng. KayaththiryVinyagamoorthyEng. Dammika DarmadasaEng. Amith DissanayakeEng. Tharaka AbeysekeraEng. Sachini WijethilakeEng. Harendra Subasinghe

Sri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 20176 IESL NEWS

IESL – Ruhunu Chapter - Executive Committee Electedfor year 2016/2017

Position Elected MemberChairman Eng. Sunil JayawardenaSecretary Eng. (Dr.) (Ms.) T N

WickramaarachchiVice Chairman Eng. D M J Roshan KumaraAsst. Secretary Eng. Chamil JanakaTreasurer Eng. M A R JayadewaEditor Eng. K A Vijith Nandana

Committee MembersEng. (Dr) Sudhira De SilvaEng. J.A. Sandaruwan DharmapalaEng. V.G.D. IndeewaraEng. I.D. WijesiriEng. B.N. Chamara

Co-opted MembersRoad Development Authority Eng. Chandana KumaraSri Lanka Ports Authority Eng. B B G S L De SilvaIrrigation Department Eng. H R W J Prematunga

IESL DAY@ Japura Faculty of Engineering

Organized by : Young Members’ Section & Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri JayewardenepuraDate : 25th March 2017Venue : Auditorium, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri Jayewardenepura

The first ever IESL day ofthe Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri

Jayewardenepura was heldsuccessfully on the 25th March2017 at the Faculty premises.

The IESL president Eng.Jayavilal Meegoda graced theoccasion as the Chief Guestof the event. Eng. DhananjayaPonnamperuma, Director -Corporate Strategy and Inno-vation, Etisalat (Pvt) Ltd. waspresent as the guest speakerto the event. Eng. DayanHerath, Chairman (IESLYMS), Eng. M.D.S.Wijebandara, representative ofthe IESL for the faculty con-sultative committee and a rep-resentative from the IESL Stu-dents’ Chapter of the Univer-sity of Moratuwa were alsoamong the invitees.

The Faculty was representedby the Dean of the Faculty,Heads of Departments, mem-bers of the academic staff andthe first batch of its students.In line with the IESL’s motiveto connect Engineering under-graduates with EngineeringProfessionals, the IESL day

was mainly focused on giv-ing the students an idea ofthe role of an Engineer andhow to stand out amongstothers in the industry. Forthe very first time, the IESLsponsored to provide t-shits for all the studentswho took part in the event.

The students were able toidentify ways and means ofinteracting with the IESLalong with the importanceof doing so. The speecheswere followed by a presen-tation on “Being the FirstBatch of the Faculty of En-gineering” that was deliv-ered by the students.

A membership drive ses-sion was also conducted inthe evening where all stu-dents of the Faculty weregiven the IESL studentmembership.

The Faculty would spe-cially like to thank Eng.Jayavilal Meegoda (Presi-dent - IESL), Eng.D h a n a n j a y aPonnamperuma, Eng.Dayan Herath (Chairman -

IESL YMS) and Eng. M.D.SWijebandara for gracing the occasionwith their presence. It was alsoagreed to establish an IESL StudentChapter in the Faculty.

The event was coordinated by Eng.Dayan Herath (from the IESL) and Dr.Chamitha de Alwis (from the Faculty)while the event was organized by thestudents of the Faculty along with theIESL YMS.

YOUNG MEMBERS' SECTIONTHE INSTITUTION OFENGINEERS, SRI LANKA

Sri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 20177IESL NEWS

Figure 1 : Puhulpola Inlet (Left) and Dyraaba Outlet (Right) Portals ; (Photos byEng. H W Isuru Indunil)

Figure 02 : General Project Layout – UOMDP ;(From Farab Company UOMDP monthly progress report No. 60)

THE UMA OYA MULTI PUPOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT;BREAKTHROUGH IN THE LINK TUNNEL

by Eng. H.W Isuru Indunil

The Uma OyaP r o j e c t ( U O M D P )passed a milestone

event with the breakthrough ofthe Link Tunnel on January13,2017.

The UOMDP includes two res-ervoirs, namely the Dyraabaand Puhulpola reservoirs.These two reservoirs are con-nected by a 3.871 km longLink Tunnel, essentially di-verting water from thePuhulpola reservoir to theDyraaba Reservoir. Waterfrom the Dyraaba reservoir isthen diverted through theHeadrace Tunnel of 15.6 kmlength and finally through avertical shaft, of 600 m height,to the underground Power-house at Karandagolla nearWellawaya, adding 120 MWof electricity to the nationalgrid. The water then dis-charges from the tailrace tun-nel of the Powerhouse directlyto the Alikota Ara for irri-gated agriculture in the lowerUva area.

The construction works in theUOMDP is carried out by theContractor, Farab Co., of Te-heran, Iran under an EPCtype Contract Agreement. TheEmployer, the Ministry ofMahaweli Development andEnvironment has engaged theGeological Survey and MinesBureau (GSMB) and the Cen-tral Engineering ConsultancyBureau (CECB) to monitor theContractor’s performance andcompliance with require-ments in the Scope of Worksand adherence to establishedstandards and specificationsin this type of construction.The Contractor has employedMahabGhodds of Iran in jointventure with Poyry of Switzer-land for the overall design andconstruction supervision ofthe project. Amberg Engineer-ing of Switzerland has beenappointed as specialist con-sultant responsible for the tun-neling work. There are manysubcontractors responsiblefor the specific areas of con-struction of the project creat-ing a complex and integratedteam approach. The Link Tun-nel is being excavated by tra-ditional drill and blast by theExcavation Team.

The Link Tunnel of 3.781 kmlength is of horse shoe shapewith excavated dimensions of4.7 m width, 4.95 m heightand having a face of 20.15 m2

in cross section. The invertlevel of the intake at thePuhulpola reservoir portal isat 980.5 MSL with the invertlevel at the outlet at theDyraaba portal of 976.9 MSLwith a slope of 0.013%. Thetunnel is designed for freeflow.

The Link Tunnel excavationactivities were planned tobe completed within a pe-riod of 13months. Excava-tion activities started inSeptember 2014 unfortu-nately work was sus-pended in February 2015for political, social and fi-nancial reasons. With therecommencement in No-vember 2015 the Link Tun-nel excavation was com-pleted by Jan 2017 takingan effective constructionperiod of 14 months.

Excavation of the Link Tun-nel progressed from bothportals and the excavatedrock volume is 78,000 m3.Ingeneral a substantial vol-ume of the excavated rockwas used in concrete pro-duction for the roller com-pacted concrete and con-ventional concrete for otherparts of the project in par-ticular roller compactedconcrete (RCC) for themain dams in Dyraaba andPuhulpola.

There are a number ofyoung local graduates(Mining Engineers andGeologists)working for theContractor and Consult-ants. These young menand women work under thedirect supervision of expe-rienced local and foreignexpatriate professionals.The experience from theLink Tunnel constructionsurely has contributedmuch to the developmentof these young localgraduates in tunneling andgeotechnical engineering.The construction team alsoincluded surveyors who ex-ecuted the important as-pect of setting out andmonitoring the tunnel traceresulting in precision of theholing through of both endsof the tunnel. The successof the Link Tunnel construc-tion is undoubtedly due tothe combined efforts of bothlocal and expatriate MiningEngineers, Geologists andSurveyors.

In tunneling works, a sig-nificant feature that nega-tively impacts the progressof the work is water ingressin the tunnel excavation. Inthe case of the Link Tun-nel excavation, only minorwater ingresses were en-countered. However, withtimely action theseingresses and related is-sues were quickly re-solved. Water ingress waslimited to manageablequantities and this did nothave a major impact on

construction progress or the lo-cal environment.

The excavation of the tunnelwas by the conventional drill-ing and blasting method with amaximum of 3.0 m as the al-lowable drilling length percycle. Typically the groundconditions were excellent re-quiring only temporary and pri-mary supports such as rockbolts, shotcrete with wiremesh, but some lattice girders

were also required in onesmall fault zone.

With the rock excavationcomplete, the remainingactivities for the Link Tun-nel are completion of thefinal shotcrete line and in-vert concrete. And con-struction of the portalstructures at both ends,control gates and trashtrack at the PuhulpolaPortal and a cascade sys-tem at the Dyraaba portal.

Special Acknowledgement toEng. S.N De Silva – PD ofUOMDP, Eng. UpulGoonasekara, Chief Resi-dent Engineer – Head Worksof UOMDP, Eng. LalNilaweera-CECB and Eng.David Lees-Amberg Engi-neering and Mr. BimalSiriwardana-GSMB.

Figure 03 : Just Completion of the Breakthrough ; Photos by : Mr. BimalSiriwardana – GSMB TS

Sri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 20178 IESL NEWS

REGIONAL COOPERATION FOR ICT SECTOR INFRASTRUCTUREDEVELOPMENT & SERVICE PLANby: President - Elect, Eng. (Prof.) Mrs. N Ratnayake

COUNTRY PAPER –SRI LANKA

This is the text of theCountry paper from SriLanka presented by

IESL President Elect, Eng.Professor (Mrs.) NiranjanieRatnayake at the FEISCASeminar on “Regional Coop-eration for ICT Sector Infra-structure Development & Ser-vice Plan” held in Chittagong,Bangladesh on 28th January2017 along with the 57th AnnualSessions of the Institution ofEngineers, Bangladesh.

THE DIGITAL REVOLUTIONRapid developments in digitaltechnology have greatly con-tributed in enhancing the hu-man living standardsworldwide.ICT is a Meta infra-structure, which can be usedto great advantage in achiev-ing economic growth, andmore importantly, for ‘sustain-able development’.

According to the Global Infor-mation Technology Report2016, published by the WorldEconomic Forum (July 2016),“Encouraging businesses toembrace the power of the digi-tal technology should be animperative of governments.” Itfurther states that “The role oftechnology, Broad Band in par-ticular, is critical to drive growthand enable collaborative inno-vations in many areas fromproduction to processes”

ICT Applications are boundless– human innovativeness andingenuity seems to be thelimit. ICT has penetrated allfacets of human life, makingthe processes more efficientthan the conventional systemscould ever achieve. Some ex-amples are:

• Connecting weatherforecasts to agricul-tural production, Cli-mate change adapta-tion planning

• Disaster predictionsand management

• Intelligent transportsystems, smart grids,integrated water man-agement systems,smart buildings

• E-Banking, m-Bank-ing and other financialservices

• Numerous applica-tions in the health sec-tor

• Applications in edu-cation for the ruralpopulations, openand distance learning

• Security and surveil-lance

• Creating new busi-nesses, industriesand employment,BPM

However, in order to benefitfrom the opportunities offeredby Digital Technology, thebasic physical and social in-frastructure has to be avail-able and affordable. These in-clude Hardware, such ascomputers and mobile(Smart) phones; Networkconnectivity, both fixed andmobile Broadband; Condu-cive political and regulatoryenvironment; Data and IPprotection laws, and perhapsabove all, Literacy and skillsamong the population.

Fixed Broadband subscrip-tions are low in the develop-ing countries because of thehigh investment needed. Thisis illustrated in Figures 1 and2 where the Fixed Broad-band subscriptions per 100inhabitants in the Asia Pacificregion is shown.

In contrast, in mobile Broad-band uptake, emergingeconomies surpass ad-vanced economies. (See Fig3) Some of the reasons forthis situation are that mobileBroadband enables internetaccess wherever and when-ever required, without havingto pay any connecting feesto fixed networks and it doesnot require physical infra-structure to reach eachhouse as no landline isneeded.

Also, no setup fees are in-volved in mobile broadbandusage.

However, unfortunately, inmost countries, particularlyin Asia, mobile broadband isused extensively for enter-tainment, but less so for pro-ductivity and developmentpurposes. Figure 3 shows thesmartphone activities in se-lected ESCAP countries in2015.

Figure 1: Fixed Broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants in the Asia Pacific(ESCAP) region

ICT FOR SOCIO-ECO-NOMIC DEVELOPMENTThere is much potential forusing Mobile applicationsfor socioeconomic develop-ment.

Information sharing in manylivelihood activities such asagriculture, fishery, animalhusbandry, includingweather forecasting, pestcontrol measures, farmingwater requirements and con-trols, market informationetc. can benefit the smalland medium scale farmersby increasing the productiv-ity and making their invest-ments more profitable andreliable, and trickling downthe economic benefits totheir employees by havingjob security and increasedwages.

ICT applications in educa-tion is a grosslyunderutilized resource inthe developing countries.

Education from primaryschool to university and voca-tional levels can be im-mensely benefited by ICT ap-plications.

Mobile-enabled financial appli-cations can potentially stimu-late economic activities in thedeveloping countries, where alarge part of the population re-main unbanked and the finan-cial infrastructure is deficientor, in many cases, non-exis-tent.

Penetration of other areas forICT applications that are be-coming quite common in thedeveloped countries such assmart buildings, smart cities,monitoring and operation ofmany infrastructure facilitieslike water supplies, powersupplies, wastewater collec-tion and treatment systems,drainage, meter reading,healthcare follow-up etc. into

Figure 2: Total worldwide active mobile broadband sub-scriptions 2007-2015 Contd. on page 9....

Sri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 20179IESL NEWS

Contd. on page 10....

Contd. from page 8....

Figure 3: Smartphone activities in selected ESCAP countries in 2015

Figure 5: Household computer ownership(percentage) dis-tribution in the Provinces– 2015(Source: Department of Census and Statistics, 2015)

the developing countries isalso very slow.It is important to raise aware-ness of the availability of theseproductivity and educationalservices to help the service pro-viders and users reap the ben-efits available through mobileinternet services

SRI LANKA’S TELECOM/ITLANDSCAPE

No. 1 ranking in South Asia onthe Human Development Index.

Figure 4 shows the key eco-nomic indicators for Sri Lankaand the economic growth trendin terms of GDP per capita overthe last 35 years, which showsthat the GDP has been grow-ing steadily despite the con-flict situation that prevailed in

(Source: Department of Census and Statistics, Annual Bulletin, Computer LiteracyStatistics – 2015)

Table 1b: Household Computer Ownership across the social sectorsUrban Sector Rural Sector Estate Sector41.5% 22% 4.5%(Source: Department of Census and Statistics, 2015)

No. 1 ranking in South Asia on the HumanDevelopment Index.

Table 1a: Household Computer Ownership from 2004 to 2015

the country over 3 decades.Sri Lanka is also ranking No1 in South Asia on the HumanDevelopment Index.Household Computer Own-ershipAs for the household computerownership, there has been asteady increase over the lastdecade, as seen in Table 1.

Figure 4: Key economic indicators for Sri LankaThe highest percentage is inthe urban sector while thelowest is in the estate sec-tor. District wise distributionof computer ownership isgiven in Fig 1, which showsthat the highest percentageis in the western Province,while the lowest is in theUva Province.

According to Department ofCensus and Statistics(2015),the overall Computer Literacyreported in 2015 for Sri Lankais 27.1 percent, and showedan increase of 11 percentagepoints from 2006/07 to 2015.

Computer literacy among theemployed population who areaware of computer in SriLanka is around 52 % in 2015and those in positions suchas Senior officials and Man-agers (70.8%), Professionals(83.9%), Technical and Asso-ciate professionals (82.9%)and Clerks and Clerical sup-port workers (88.7%) havehigher computer literacy. Also,even among the individuals en-gaged in elementary occupa-tions, 22 percent are computerliterate.

Among the unemployed, aged(20-24) group shows highestcomputer literate percentage(80.7%). Annual survey resultsreveal that among unem-ployed many have at leastsome ICT skills. Even amongthe group aged 40-69 everyone out of two are computerliterate (54.5%) in 2015.

REGIONAL COOPERATION .....

Percentage Computer owned Households in Sri Lanka

Desktop 2004 3.82006/7 8.22009 10.62014 15.72015 14.9

Desktop or Laptop 2009 11.42014 22.22015 24.4

Internet and E-mail UseInternet and email usageamong the age groups20 – 24and 24 – 29 are highest, asshown in Figure 6. The per-centage among the youngerage group 15-19 is expectedto increase rapidly with the in-troduction of more computersto schools through the Edu-cation Department.

Networked Readiness In-dex

The World Economic Forumintroduced an index called“Networked Readiness Index”(NRI), which assesses coun-

Computer LiteracyA person (aged 5- 69) is con-sidered as a computer liter-ate person if he/she coulduse computer on his/herown. For example, even if a5 years old child can play acomputer game then he/she

is considered as a computerliterate person. ComputerLiterate population ex-pressed as a percentage tothe total population, (aged5 – 69 years) within the re-spective domain is definedas the Computer Literacyrate of the population.

10Sri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 2017

IESL NEWS

sures to implement theGovernment’s Policy andAction Plan in relation toICT. In terms of Section 6of the ICT Act, ICTA is re-quired to assist the Cabinetof Ministers in the formula-tion of the National Policyon ICT and provide all infor-mation necessary for its for-mulation.

It was originally set up as a‘Project’ with a life span of8 years, but the Act wasamended to make it a per-manent government body in2008.ICTA has 50 currentprojects, which include the

Figure 6: Percentage distribution of Internet and E-mailusing household population (aged 5 – 69 years) by agegroup – 2015

According to the NRI pillars, itcan be seen that Sri Lankascores quite high onaffordability, skills and govern-ment usage, while individualusage, infrastructure and digi-tal content and economic im-pacts need improvement.

Telecommunication SectorPerformance in Sri Lanka

According to the Annual Reportof the Central Bank of SriLanka, the number of mobiletelephone connections in-creased by 10.2 per cent, whilefixed wireline telephone connec-tions recorded a growth of 0.5per cent in 2015. By end 2015,fixed telephone penetration(connections per 100 persons)and mobile telephone penetra-tion stood at 12.4 and 116.3, re-spectively.

With regard to internet services,total internet connections grewby 20.5 per cent during 2015,raising internet penetration to19.3. This was largely sup-ported by the rapid growth of22.2 per cent in mobile internetconnections, while fixed internetconnections grew by 12.6 percent.

These statistics are shown inFig 9, extracted from the AnnualReport, Central Bank of SriLanka 2015, Chapter 3.

Sri Lanka’s Telecommunica-tion Landscape

Voice is delivered via Copperlines, CDMA and Mobile net-work 2G, 3G in Sri Lanka, whileBroadband is delivered via LTE(TDD, FDD), HSPA, Wimax,ADSL and FTTH. The internetcharges in Sri Lanka are set atamong the lowest in the world.ITU has ranked Sri Lankaamong the Top 5 in this aspect.There is heavy competitionamong the internet service pro-

viders, especially Mobileinternet service providers.

Sri Lanka is positioned high-est in relation to neighboringcountries with respect tointernet usage among thepopulation, as shown in Fig 10.

Sri Lanka had a global rank of116 out of 166 countries and aregional rank of 19 out of 29countries in the ICT Develop-ment Index (IDI), in 2013. SriLanka ranks at 74 out of 193countries in the UN E-Govern-ment Development Index.

Institutional Support Struc-ture for Digital TechnologyDevelopment

One of the main drivers for ICTdevelopment in Sri Lanka is theinstitutional framework that sup-ports all arenas of ICT.Manygovernment and non-govern-ment institutions form this sup-port system.

SLASSCOM – Sri Lanka As-sociation of Software andService Companies is the IT-BPM Industry Chamber in SriLanka. Its objective is”To actas a catalyst of growth of theSri Lankan IT and BPM indus-try by facilitating trade andbusiness, propagation of edu-cation and employment, en-couragement of research andinnovation, and by supportingthe creation of a progressivenational policy framework.”Government Support is pro-vided by the Ministry of Tele-communication and Digital In-frastructure, Sri Lanka, ICTA -Information and Communica-tion Technology Agency, andthe Telecommunications Regu-latory Commission of SriLanka (TRCSL)

Ministry of Telecommunica-tion and Digital Infrastruc-ture, Sri Lanka is the policymaking body of the country re-lated to the subject of telecom-munication, IT and digital tech-nologies. Its stated objectivesare to:• Improve the digital in-frastructure of Sri Lanka for fa-cilitating the enhancement ofdigital ecosystems

• Utilize ICT for im-proving the governance• Enhance the ICTpolicies, legislations andstandards• Improve the use ofICT applications in key sec-tors• Improve citizens’engagement/participationin ICT enabled society• Facilitation of ICTindustry development• Facilitate tradeand business sectorsthrough ICT

ICTA -Information andCommunication Tech-nology Agency of SriLanka

is the apex ICT institutionof the Government. In

terms of the Information andCommunication TechnologyAct No. 27 of 2003, (ICT Act)ICTA has been mandated totake all necessary mea-

Figure 8: Overview of Performance for Sri Lanka

Contd. from page 9....

Figure 7: Networked Readiness Index (NRI) for Sri Lanka, showing the worldranking in each sub-index and pillar.

Contd. on page 11.......

REGIONAL COOPERATION.....

tries’ preparedness to reap thebenefits of emerging technolo-gies and to capitalizeon the op-portunities presented by thedigital revolution and beyond.The NRI is calculated based on4 sub-indices, viz. Environment,Readiness, Usage and Impact,which are further subdivided into10 pillars. Each pillar is calcu-lated based on several indica-tors, to cover all aspects ofreadiness. Fig 7 shows the de-tails of the NRI for Sri Lanka.

The Global Information Technol-ogy Report 2016 has ranked139 countries in the world ac-cording to NRI, and Sri Lankahas been ranked as 63rd, thehighest ranking country in theSouth Asian region. Singaporeranks no.1, with an overall NRIof 6.0 out of 7.

Figure 8 shows the overview ofthe performance of Sri Lanka.

11IESL NEWS IESL NEWSSri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 2017

priority for achieving the in-dividual countries’ nationalgoals of ICT developmentCo-operation must bebased on a collaborativeframework. It is importantthat a regional plan shouldsupport the existing coun-try ICT plans rather thancompete with country spe-cific strategies.Some examples of RegionalCo-operation in ICT Devel-opment being implementedand having some successare:• Asia- Pacific Infor-mation Super Highway Net-work Corridor project sup-ported by UN – ESCAP.• SASEC (SouthAsia Sub-regional Eco-nomic Cooperation) ICT De-velopment Master Plan withtechnical assistance fromADB• Harmonization ofICT Policies, Legislation andRegulatory Procedures(Western Africa, Caribbeancountries) with assistancefrom ITU and the EuropeanUnion.

There is no doubt that re-gional cooperation in ICTdevelopment among theFEISCA countries is impor-tant for us to face the chal-lenges of achieving the Sus-tainable Development Goalswithin the time targets. It isencouraging to note thatFEISCA is planning to takethe opportunity of our com-mon interests in moving for-ward for the social develop-ment in all our regionalcountries through the pow-erful tool available to us inInformation and Communi-cation Technology.Bibliography

• Annual BulletinComputer Literacy Statis-tics – 2015, Department ofCensus and Statistics, SriLanka, ISSN 2012-6565•Annual Report, CentralBank of Sri Lanka 2015,Chapter 3•Asian Development Bank –Final Report, SASEC ICTDevelopment Master Plan

ing up of telecommunica-tion infrastructure to com-petition

There is a need for en-hancing Broadband ca-pacity and to foster localICT industry developmentThere is a grave need forreliable Data on socioeco-nomic, as well as naturalenvironmental spheres forimplementation ofprojects beneficial to so-ciety through ICT tools.Structure and governanceof internet is key to suc-cessful implementation ofprojects, and all our coun-tries need strengtheningthese aspects.We all have a common in-terest in global positioningof the region in the world.

Way Forward for Re-gional Cooperation forICT Sector Infrastruc-ture DevelopmentAccording to the WorldBank Group Flagship Re-port Global EconomicProspects January 2017,“South Asia is one of theleast integrated regions inthe world”. This has beenattributed toinadequaciesin transport and power in-frastructure.Each country has nationalpolicies for development ofICT in order to improvequality of life of the peopleand achieve SustainableDevelopment Goals. It isrecognized that regionalco-operation in ICT is a

Figure 10: Internet usage in Sri Lanka and neighbouring countries.

Internet backbone - connectinggovernment buildings/ loca-tions and providing them withwi-fi facility; Hosting a big dataplatform, mGov applications,eGov applications, governmentwebsites, portals and other re-quired common platforms, ap-plications and services for citi-zens engagement; providingDigital Education and LearningTelecommunications Regu-latory Commission of SriLanka (TRCSL) was estab-lished under the Sri LankaTelecommunication (Amend-ment) Act No. 27 of 1996 asthe national regulatory agencyfor telecommunications in SriLanka to promote sustaineddevelopment in the telecommu-nication industry by shapingthe regulatory process, protect-ing public interest and being re-sponsive to challenges in an in-creasingly competitive market.Functions of TRCSL include:•govern the telecom policy,•regulate the telecom infra-structure development,•manage tarrifs,•issue frequencies,•type approval of equipment,•act as ombudsman for publicproblems w.r.t service providerissues.Key Trends and Develop-mentsAfter the slow development pe-riod over the last 3 decades dueto the conflict situation, themarket has gained momentumas the economic and politicalbackdrop has become moresupportive, and we now expectspending to grow rapidly overthe medium term.

One particular opportunity is inthe financial services sector, al-ready starting to show a steeprise in business, with the na-tional payment network opera-tor LankaClear closing a dealto provide a secure transactionsystem for the largest commonATM network connecting over2,500 ATMs.The local computer hardwaremanufacturing is picking up,and it is expected that the com-ponents as well as tablets,notebooks and desktops pro-duced locally will make thesemore affordable for the localpopulation.Implementation of the 50Projects identified by the ICTAis expected to improve the ICTLandscape in Sri Lanka andpromote sustainable develop-ment in all spheres, to reachthe 17 SDG’s by year 2030.Opportunities for RegionalCooperation for ICT SectorInfrastructure DevelopmentThere are many opportunitiesfor cooperation within the re-gion for ICT sector develop-ment, as all our countries havea common interest in use ofICT for achieving all 17 Sustain-able Development Goals.There is a need for skills de-velopment at all levels – this isvital for penetration of ICT intothe society, especially the ru-ral populations.There is a need for upgradingthe regulatory environment. Itis imperative that independentregulatory authorities are es-tablished to oversee the open-

Contd. from page 10... •Department of Census andStatistics, Sri Lanka; Com-puter Literacy Statistics –2015 (Annual); ISSN 2012-6565; January - December2015

•ICTA Mission to Australia -17 October 2016 (unpub-lished)

•M.F.M FIRDHOUS and P.M.KARUNARATNE; “An ICTEnhanced Life Quality for theElderly in Developing Coun-tries: Analysis Study Appliedto Sri Lanka” Journal ofHealth Informatics in Devel-oping Countries Vol. 5, No 1,2011, pp. 47-59

•M.F.M FIRDHOUS; “RuralEducation as a Service: Le-veraging Cloud Computing forEmpowering Rural Youth” In-ternational Journal of Organi-zational and Collective Intel-ligence (IJOCI), 6(1), 51-65,2016.

•Osman Ghazali, BaharudinOsman, AzizahAhamed,Azizi Abas, AbdulRazakRahamat, MohamedFirdhaus; “Cloud Poweredrural Telecenters- A Model forSustainable Telecentres”;Rural ICT Development(RICTD) International Confer-ence 2013, Malacca, Malay-sia, 23-25 June 2013

•Rohan Samarajiva; “SriLanka: Broadband infrastruc-ture & international connec-tivity” UN ESCAP Consulta-tion, Paro, 1 October 2014

•Silja Baller, Soumitra Dutta,and Bruno Lanvin, editors;The Global Information Tech-nology Report 2016 “Innovat-ing in the Digital Economy”;World Economic Forum,Geneva

•Sri Lanka Information Tech-nology Report; PublishedDate: 01 Apr 2015

•“UNCOVERING THE WID-ENING BROADBAND DI-VIDE” Technical Paper by theInformation and Communica-tions Technology and Disas-ter Risk Reduction Division ofUN ESCAP (Economic andSocial Commission for Asiaand the Pacific)

•UNESCAP; “STATE OF ICTIN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC2016:UNCOVERING THEWIDENING BROADBAND DI-VIDE” “, Technical Paper bythe Information and Commu-nications Technology and Di-saster Risk Reduction Divi-sion

•World Economic Forum,“Global Information Technol-ogy Report 2016”, http://reports.weforum.org/global-information-technology-re-p o r t - 2 0 1 6 / e c o n o m i e s /#economy=LKA

•h t tp : / /www. t r c .gov. l k /index.php

Figure 9: Telephone Penetration and Telecommunication Sector Performance in Sri Lanka

REGIONAL COOPERATION.....

Sri Lanka Engineering News - February / March 201712 IESL NEWS

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