ss unit v notes2

8/13/2019 Ss Unit v Notes2

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CS 2304 G.PRABHAKARAN – AP/CSES.SELVARANI – AP/CSE

UNIT V SYSTEM SOFTWARE TOOLS

● Text editors

✔ Overview of the Editing Proess

✔ User Interf!e

✔ Editor Str"t"re

● Inter!tive de#"gging s$ste%s

✔ &e#"gging f"ntions !nd !'!#i(ities

✔ Re(!tionshi' with other '!rts of the s$ste%

✔ User)Interf!e *riteri!+

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,+ Text Editors-

The interati!e te"t e#it$r ha% &e$'e an i'($rtant a%(et $) a*'$%t an+ $'(,tin- en!ir$n'ent.

N$ *$n-er are e#it$r% th$,-ht $) a% t$$*% )$r (r$-ra''er%. It i% n$ inrea%in-*+ re$-ni%e# that a

te"t e#it$r %h$,*# &e $n%i#ere# the (ri'ar+ inter)ae t$ the $'(,ter )$r a** t+(e% $) n$*e#-e

$rer% a% the+ $'($%e1 $r-ani%e1 %t,#+ an# 'ani(,*ate $'(,ter&a%e# in)$r'ati$n.

An interati!e e#it$r i% a $'(,ter (r$-ra' that a**$% a ,%er t$ reate an# re!i%e a tar-et

#$,'ent. The ter' #$,'ent in*,#e% $&et% %,h a% $'(,ter (r$-ra'%1 te"t1 e,ati$n1

ta&*e% 1

*iner1 *$a#er an# 5(eratin- S+%te'1 #ia-ra'%1 *ine art an# (h$t$-ra(h%6 an+thin- that $ne 'i-ht

)in# $n a (rinte# (a-e7 A te"t e#it$r i% a (r$-ra' in hih the (ri'ar+ e*e'ent% &ein- e#ite# are

harater %trin-% $) the tar-et te"t.

,+, Overview of the Editing 'roess-

The #$,'ente#itin- (r$e%% i% an interati!e ,%er$'(,ter #ia*$-,e #e%i-ne# t$ a$'(*i%h

)$,r ta%%7

89 Se*et the (art $) the tar-et #$,'ent t$ &e !iee# an# 'ani(,*ate#

29 :eter'ine h$ t$ )$r'at thi% !ie $n*ine an# h$ t$ #i%(*a+ it

39 S(ei)+ an# e"e,te $(erati$n% that '$#i)+ the tar-et #$,'ent

49 U(#ate the !ie a((r$(riate*+.

E#itin- (ha%e in!$*!e% h$ the tar-et #$,'ent i% reate# $r a*tere# ith a %et $) $(erati$n% %,h

a% in%ert1 #e*ete1 re(*ae1 '$!e an# $(+. The e#itin- ),nti$n% are $)ten %(eia*i%e# t$ $(erate $n

e*e'ent% 'eanin-),* t$ the t+(e $) e#it$r.

;$r e"a'(*e1 a 'an,%ri(t$riente# e#it$r 'i-ht $(erate $n e*e'ent% %,h a% %in-*e harater%1

$r#%1 *ine%1 %entene% an# (ara-ra(h%.

Tr!ve(ing – Se*eti$n $) the (art $) the #$,'ent t$ &e !iee# an# e#ite#. It in!$*!e% )ir%t

tra!e*in- thr$,-h the #$,'ent t$ *$ate the area $) intere%t %,h a% <ne"t

%reen),*=1=&$tt$'=1an# <)in# (attern= Tra!e*in- %(ei)ie% here the area $) intere%t i%6

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Fi(tering - The %e*eti$n $) hat i% t$ &e !iee# an# 'ani(,*ate# i% $ntr$**e# &+ )i*terin-.

;i*terin- e"trat% the re*e!ant %,&%et $) the tar-et #$,'ent at the ($int $) intere%t1%,h a% ne"t%reen),* $) te"t $r ne"t %tate'ent.

For%!tting - ;$r'attin- then #eter'ine% h$ the re%,*t $) )i*terin- i** &e %een a% a !i%i&*e

re(re%entati$n>the !ie9 $n a #i%(*a+ %reen $r $ther #e!ie.

Editing - In the at,a* e#itin- (ha%e 1the tar-et #$,'ent i% reate# $r a*tere# ith a %et $)

$(erati$n% %,h a% in%ert1#e*ete1re(*ae1'$!e $r $(+.

?an,%ri(t $riente# e#it$r% $(erate $n e*e'ent% %,h a% %in-*e

harater%1$r#%1*ine%1%entene%1an# (ara-ra(h%6 Pr$-ra'$riente# e#it$r% $(erate% $n

e*e'ent% %,h a% i#enti)ier%1e+ $r#% an# %tate'ent%.

,+. User interf!e-

There are 'an+ t+(e% $) e#it$r%1 &,t the+ )a** int$ t$ -enera* ate-$rie%7

Line editors- A (ri'iti!e )$r' $) e#it$r that re,ire% +$, t$ %(ei)+ a %(ei)i *ine $) te"t

&e)$re +$, an 'ae han-e% t$ it.

Sreen oriented editors- A*%$ a**e# ),** %reen e#it$r%1 the%e e#it$r% ena&*e +$, t$ '$#i)+ an

te"t that a((ear% $n the #i%(*a+ %reen &+ '$!in- the ,r%$r t$ the #e%ire# *$ati$n.

The ,%er $) an interati!e e#it$r i% (re%ente# ith a $ne(t,a* '$#e* $) the e#itin- %+%te'. Thi%

'$#e* i% an a&%trat )ia'e$r $n hih the e#it$r an# the $r*# $n hih it $(erate% are &a%e#.

The $ne(t,a* '$#e*1 in e%%ene (r$!i#e% an ea%i*+ ,n#er%t$$# a&%trati$n% $) the tar-et

#$,'e nt an# it% e*e'ent%1 ith a %et $) -,i#e*ine% #e%ri&in- the e))et% $) $(erati$n% $n the%e

e*e'ent%.

Be%i#e% the $ne(t,a* '$#e1 the ,%er inter)ae i% $nerne# ith the in(,t #e!ie%1 the $,t(,t

#e!ie% an# the interati$n *an-,a-e $) the %+%te'.

In'"t &evies 7 The in(,t #e!ie% are ,%e# t$ enter e*e'ent% $) te"t &ein- e#ite# 1t$ enter

$''an#%1an# t$ #e%i-nate e#ita&*e e*e'ent%.

INPUT &EVI*ES !re !tegori/ed !s -

,0Text devies

.01"tton devies

20Lo!tor devies

,0Text or string devies are t+(ia**+ t+(eriter *ie e+&$ar#% $n hih ,%er (re%%e% an#

re*ea%e e+% 1%en#in- ,ni,e $#e )$r eah e+. Virt,a**+ a** $'(,ter e+ &$ar#% are $) the

@ERT t+(e.

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.01"tton or *hoie devies -enerate an interr,(t $r %et a %+%te' )*a-1,%,a**+ a,%in- an

in!$ati$n $) an a%%$iate# a((*iati$n (r$-ra'. A*%$ %(eia* ),nti$n e+% are a*%$ a!ai*a&*e

$n the e+ &$ar#.20Lo!tor devies - The+ are t$#i'en%i$na* ana*$-t$#i-ita* $n!erter% that ($%iti$n a

,r%$r %+'&$* $n the %reen &+ $&%er!in- the ,%er% '$!e'ent $) the #e!ie. The '$%t

$''$n %,h #e!ie% are the %o"se an# the t!#(et+

The &!t! T!#(et i% a )*at 1retan-,*ar1e*etr$'a-netia**+ %en%iti!e (ane*. Either the &a**($int

(en *ie %t+*,% $r a(,1a %'a** #e!ie %i'i*ar t$a '$,%e are '$!e# $!er the %,r)ae. The

ta&*et ret,rn% t$ a %+%te' (r$-ra' the $$r#inate% $) the ($%iti$n $n the #ata ta&*et at hih

the %t+*,% $r (, i% ,rrent*+ *$ate#. The (r$-ra' an then 'a( the%e #atata&*et

$$r#inate% t$ %reen $$r#inate% an# '$!e the ,r%$r t$ the $rre%($n#in- %reen ($%iti$n.

Text devies ith arr$>C,r%$r9 e+% an &e ,%e# t$ %i',*ate *$at$r #e!ie%. Eah $) the%e

e+% %h$% an arr$ that ($int% ,(1#$n1*e)t1$r ri-ht.Pre%%in- an arr$ e+ t+(ia**+ -enerate%

an a((r$(riate harater %e,ene 1the (r$-ra' inter(ret% thi% %e,ene an# '$!e% the

,r%$r in the #ireti$n $) the arr$ $n the e+ (re%%e#.

Voie)in'"t &evies - hih tran%*ate %($en $r#% t$ their te"t,a* e,i!a*ent%1'a+ (r$!e t$

&e the te"t in(,t #e!ie% $) the ),t,re.

O"t'"t devies

The $,t(,t #e!ie% *et the ,%er !ie the e*e'ent% &ein- e#ite# an# the re%,*t $) the

e#itin- $(erati$n%. The )ir%t $,t(,t #e!ie% ere te*et+(eriter% an# $ther harater(rintin-

ter'ina*% that -enerate# $,t(,t $n (a(er. Ne"t CRT>Cath$#e Ra+ T,&e9 tehn$*$-+ hih

,%e% CRT %reen e%%entia**+ t$ %i',*ate the har#$(+ te*et+(eriter. T$#a+% a#!ane# CRT

ter'ina*% ,%e har#are a%%i%tane )$r %,h )eat,re% a% '$!in- the ,r%$r1in%ertin- an#

#e*etin- harater% an# *ine%1an# %r$**in- *ine% an# (a-e%.

Inter!tion L!ng"!ge 7

The interati$n *an-,a-e $) the te"t e#it$r i% -enera**+ $ne $) %e!era* $''$n t+(e%.

,0 The t$'ing oriented or text o%%!nd)oriented %ethod

i% the $*#e%t $) the 'a$r e#itin- inter)ae%. The ,%er $'',niate ith the e#it$r &+ t+(inte"t

%trin-%&$th )$r $''an# na'e% an# an# )$r $(eran#%. The%e %trin-% are %ent t$ the e#it$r an# are

,%,a**+ eh$e# t$ the $,t(,t #e!ie.

T+(e# %(ei)iati$n $)ten re,ire% the ,%er t$ re'e'&er the e"at )$r' $) a** $''an#% 1$r

at *ea%t their a&&re!iati$n%.

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He He*( )ai*it+ ha!e t$ &e ,%e# $r 'an,a*% ha!e t$ &e re)ere#. Ti'e $n%,'in- )$r in

e"(eriene# ,%er%.

.0 F"ntion 3e$ interf!es -Eah $''an# i% a%%$iate# ith 'are# e+ $n the e+ &$ar#

E-7 In%ert e+1Shi)t e+1C$ntr$* e+

20Men" oriented interf!es

A 'en, i% a ',*ti(*e h$ie %et $) te"t %trin-% $r i$n% hih are -ra(hia* %+'&$*% that re(re%ent

$&et% $r $(erati$n%.

The ,%er an (er)$r' ati$n% &+ %e*etin- ite'% )$r the 'en,%.

The e#it$r (r$'(t% the ,%er ith a 'en,.5ne (r$&*e' ith 'en, $riente# %+%te' an ari%e hen there are 'an+ ($%%i&*e ati$n% an#

%e!era* h$ie% are re,ire# t$ $'(*ete an ati$n. The #i%(*a+ area $) the 'en, i% rather

*i'ite#.

,+2 Editor str"t"re-

III CSE UNIT V

E#itin-

$'($nent

Tra!e*in-$'($nent

Viein-$'($nent

C$''an#*an-,a-e(r$e%%$r

E#itin-

&,))er E#itin-)i*ter

Viein-)i*terViein-

&,))er

?ain'e'$r+

;i*e%+%te'

:i%(*a+$'($nent

5,t(,t#e!ie%

in(,t

T+(ia* E#it$r %tr,t,re

P!gingRo"tines

C$ntr$*

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?$%t Te"t e#it$r% ha!e a %tr,t,re %i'i*ar t$ that %h$n a&$!e.

The $''an# Lan-,a-e Pr$e%%$r ae(t% in(,t )r$' the ,%er% in(,t #e!ie%1an# ana*+De% thet$en% an# %+ntati %tr,t,re $) the $''an#%. It ),nti$n% ',h *ie the *e"ia* an# %+ntati

(ha%e% $) a $'(i*er. The $''an# *an-,a-e (r$e%%$r 'a+ in!$e the %e'anti r$,tine%

#iret*+. In a te"t e#it$r1the%e %e'anti r$,tine% (er)$r' ),nti$n% *%,h a% e#itin- an# !iein-.

The %e'anti r$,tine% in!$*!e tra!e**in-1e#itin-1!iein-1an# #i%(*a+ ),nti$n%. E#itin- $(erati$n%

are a*a+% %(ei)ie# &+ the ,%er.

In e#itin- a #$,'ent1the %tart $) the area t$ &e e#ite# i% #eter'ine# &+ the ,rrent e#itin- ($inter

'aintaine# &+ the e#itin- $'($nent 1hih i% the $**eti$n $) '$#,*e% #ea*in- ith e#itin- ta%%.

The ,rrent e#itin- ($inter an &e %et $r re%et e"(*iit*+ &+ the ,%er ,%in- tra!e**in- $''an#%1%,h a% ne"t (ara-ra(h an# ne"t %reen1$r i'(*iit*+ a% a %i#e e))et $) the (re!i$,% e#itin-

$(erati$n %,h a% delete paragraph.

The tra!e*in- $'($nent $) the e#it$r at,a**+ (er)$r'% the %ettin- $) the ,rrent e#itin- an#

!iein- ($inter%1an# th,% #eter'ine% the ($int at hih the !iein- an# /$r e#itin- )i*terin- &e-in%.

hen the ,%er i%%,e% an e#itin- $''an#1the e#itin- $'($nent in!$e% the e#itin- )i*ter. Thi%

$'($nent )i*ter% the #$,'ent t$ -enerate a ne e#itin- &,))er &a%e# $n the ,rrent e#itin-

($nter a% e** a% $n the e#itin- )i*ter (ara'eter%. The%e (ara'eter%1hih are %(ei)ie# &+ &$th &+

the ,%er an# the %+%te'1(r$!i#e in)$r'ati$n %,h a% the ran-e $) the te"t that an &e a))ete# &+

an $(erati$n. ;i*terin- 'a+ $n%i%t $) the %e*eti$n $) $nti-,$,% harater% &e-innin- at the

,rrent ($int.

Si'i*ar*+1in !iein- a #$,'ent 1the %tart $) the area t$ &e !iee# i% #eter'ine# &+ the

,rrent !iein- ($inter. Thi% ($inter i% 'aintaine# &+ the !iein- $'($nent $) the e#it$r1hih i%

a $**eti$n $) '$#,*e% re%($n%i&*e )$r #eter'inin- the ne"t !ie.

The ,rrent !iein- ($inter an &e %et $r re%ete"(*iit*+ &+ the ,%er $r i'(*iit*+ &+ the %+%te'a% a

re%,*t $) (re!i$,% e#itin- $(erati$n.

hen the #i%(*a+ nee#% t$ &e ,(#ate#1the !iein- $'($nent in!$e% the viewing filter . Thi%

$'($net )i*ter% the #$,'ent t$ -enerate a ne !iein- &,))er &a%e# $n the ,rrent !iein-

($inter a% e** a% $n the !iein- )i*ter (ara'eter%.

In Line editors1the !iein- &,))er 'a+ $ntain the ,rrent *ine6 in screen editors1thi% &,))er 'a+

$ntain retan-,*ar ,t $,t $) the ,arter(*ane $) te"t. Thi% !iein- &,))er i% then (a%%e# t$ the

#i%(*a+ $'($nent $) the e#it$r1hih (r$#,e% a #i%(*a+ &+ 'a((in- the &,))er t$ a retan-,*ar

%,&%et $) the %reen1,%,a**+ a**e# a window.

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The e#itin- an# !iein- &,))er%1hi*e in#e(en#ent1an &e re*ate# in 'an+ a+%. Ina %i'(*e%t a%e

1the+ are i#entia*7the ,%er e#it% the 'ateria* #iret*+ $n the %reen.5n the $ther han# 1the e#itin-

an# !iein- &,))er% 'a+ &e $'(*ete*+ #i%$int.

The e#itin- an# !iein- &,))er% an a*%$ (artia**+ $!er*a(1 $r $ne 'a+ &e $'(*ete*+ $ntai**e# in

the $ther.

in#$% t+(ia**+ $!er either the entire %reen $r a retan-,*ar ($rti$n $) it. ?a((in- !iein-

&,))er% t$ in#$% that $!er $n*+ (art $) the %reen i% e%(eia**+ ,%e),* )$r e#it$r% $n '$#ern

-ra(hi%&a%e# $r%tati$n%. S,h %+%te'% an %,(($rt ',*ti(*e in#$%1 %i',*tane$,%*+

%h$in- #i))erent ($ti$i*% $) the %a'e )i*e $r ($rti$n% $) #i))erent )i*e%. Thi% a((r$ah a**$% the

,%er t$ (er)$r' inter)i*e e#itin- $(erati$n% ',h '$re e))eti!e*+ than ith a %+%te' ha!in- $n84

a %in-*e in#$.

The 'a((in- $) the !iein- &,))er t$ a in#$ i% a$'(*i%he# &+ h!$ $'($nent% $) the %+%te'.

;ir%t1 the !iein- $'($nent )$r',*ate% an i#ea* !ie1 $)ten e"(re%%e# in a #e!iein#e(en#ent

inter'e#iate re(re%entati$n. Thi% !ie 'a+ &e a !er+ %i'(*e $ne $n%i%tin- $) a in#$% $rth $)

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te"t arran-e# %$ that *ine% are n$t &r$en in the 'i##*e $) $r#%. At the $ther e"tre'e1 t*ie

i#ea*iDe# !ie 'a+ &e a )a%i'i*e $) a (a-e $) ),**+ )$r'atte# an# t+(e%et te"t ith e,ati$n%1

ta&*e%1 an# )i-,re%. Se$n#1 the #i%(*a+ '$#,*e tae% thi% i#ea*iDe# !ie )r$' the !iein-$'($nent an# 'a(% it t$ a (h+%ia* $,t(,t #e!ie in the '$%t e))iient 'anner ($%%i&*e.

.+ Inter!tive de#"gging s$ste%s-

A de#"gger i% a $'(,ter (r$-ra' that i% ,%e# t$ te%t an# #e&,- $ther (r$-ra'%.

hen the (r$-ra' ra%he%1 the #e&,--er %h$% the ($%iti$n in the $ri-ina* $#e i) it i% a

so"re)(eve( de#"gger $r s$%#o(i de#"gger1 $''$n*+ %een in inte-rate# #e!e*$('ent

en!ir$n'ent%>I:E%9• T+(ia**+1 #e&,--er% a*%$ $))er '$re %$(hi%tiate# ),nti$n% %,h a% r,nnin- a (r$-ra' in

the )$**$ in- 'anner

• %te( &+ %te( >sing(e)ste''ing9

• %t$((in- >#re!3ing9 >(a,%in- the (r$-ra' t$ e"a'ine the ,rrent %tate9 at %$'e in# $)

e!ent &+ 'ean% $) &rea($int1 an# train- the !a*,e% $) %$'e !aria&*e%.

• S$'e #e&,--er% ha!e the a&i*it+ t$ '$#i)+ the %tate $) the (r$-ra' hi*e it i% r,nnin-1

rather than 'ere*+ t$ $&%er!e it.

An interati!e #e&,--in- %+%te' (r$!i#e% (r$-ra''er% ith )ai*itie% that ai# in the te%tin- an#

#e&,--in- $) (r$-ra'%.

.4, &e#"gging f"ntions !nd !'!#i(ities-

5ne i'($rtant re,ire'ent $) an+ I:S i% the $&%er!ati$n an# $ntr$* $) the )*$ $) (r$-ra'

e"e,ti$n Settin- &rea ($int% – e"e,ti$n i% %,%(en#e#1 ,%e #e&,--in- $''an#% t$ ana*+De the

(r$-re%% $) the (r$-ra'1 rF%,'F e"e,ti$n $) the (r$-ra' Settin- %$'e $n#iti$na* e"(re%%i$n%1

e!a*,ate# #,rin- the #e&,--in- %e%%i$n1 (r$-ra' e"e,ti$n i% %,%(en#e#1 hen $n#iti$n% are

'et1 ana*+%i% i% 'a#e1 *ater e"e,ti$n i% re%,'e#.

A :e&,--in- %+%te' %h$,*# a*%$ (r$!i#e ),nti$n% %,h a% tr!ing an# tr!e#!3.

Tr!ing an &e ,%e# t$ tra the )*$ $) e"e,ti$n *$-i an# #ata '$#i)iati$n%. The $ntr$*

)*$ an &e trae# at #i))erent *e!e*% $) #etai* – (r$e#,re1 &ranh1 in#i!i#,a* in%tr,ti$n1 an# %$

$n

Tr!e#!3 an %h$ the (ath &+ hih the ,rrent %tate'ent in the (r$-ra' a% reahe#

It an a*%$ %h$ hih %tate'ent% ha!e '$#i)ie# a -i!en !aria&*e $r (ara'eter. The

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%tate'ent% are #i%(*a+e# rather than a% he"a#ei'a* #i%(*ae'ent%.

T$ (r$!i#e the%e ),nti$n%1 a #e&,--er %h$,*# $n%i#er the *an-,a-e in hih the (r$-ra'

&ein- #e&,--e# i% ritten1A %in-*e #e&,--er – 'an+ (r$-ra''in- *an-,a-e% – *an-,a-e in#e(en#ent.

The #e&,--er a %(ei)i (r$-ra''in- *an-,a-e – *an-,a-e #e(en#ent.

The #e&,--er ',%t &e %en%iti!e t$ the %(ei)i *an-,a-e &ein- #e&,--e#.

The $nte"t &ein- ,%e# ha% 'an+ #i))erent e))et% $n the #e&,--in- interati$n

The %tate'ent% are #i))erent #e(en#in- $n the *an-,a-e

C$&$* ?5VE . T5 J

;$rtran J .C J .

E"a'(*e% $) a%%i-n'ent %tate'ent%

It i% a*%$ i'($rtant that a #e&,--in- %+%te' &e a&*e t$ #ea* ith $(ti'iDe# $#e

?an+ $(ti'iDati$n% *ie

in!ariant e"(re%%i$n% an &e re'$!e# )r$' *$$(%

%e(arate *$$(% an &e $'&ine# int$ a %in-*e *$$(

re#,n#ant e"(re%%i$n 'a+ &e e*i'inate#

e*i'inati$n $) ,nnee%%ar+ &ranh in%tr,ti$n%

Lea#% t$ rearran-e'ent $) %e-'ent% $) $#e in the (r$-ra'

A** the%e $(ti'iDati$n% reate (r$&*e'% )$r the #e&,--er1 an# %h$,*# &e han#*e# are),**+.

.+. Re(!tionshi' with other '!rts of the s$ste%-

An interati!e #e&,--er ',%t &e re*ate# t$ $ther (art% $) the %+%te' in 'an+ #i))erent a+%. The

%in-*e '$%t i'($rtant re,ire'ent )$r an+ interati!e #e&,--er i% that it a*a+% &e a!ai*a&*e. hen

an err$r i% #i%$!ere#1 i''e#iate #e&,--in- ',%t &e ($%%i&*e &ea,%e it 'a+ &e #i))erent $r

i'($%%i&*e t$ re(r$#,e the (r$-ra' )ai*,re in %$'e $ther en!ir$n'ent $r at %$'e $ther ti'e. The

#e&,--er ',%t $''+niate an# $$(erate ith $ther $(eratin- %+%te' $'($nent% %,h a%

interati!e %,&%+%te'%. :e&,--in- i% e!en '$re i'($rtant at (r$#,ti$n ti'e than it i% at

a((*iati$n#e!e*$('ent ti'e. The #e&,--er ',%t a*%$ e"i%t in a a+ that i % $n%i%tent ith the 1

%e,rit+ an# inte-rit+ $'($nent% $) the %+%te'. U%e $) the #e&,--er ',%t &e %,&et t$ the

n$r'a* a,th$riDati$n 'ehani%'% an# ',%t *ea!e the ,%,a* a,#it trai*%. The #e&,--er ',%t

$$r#inate it% ati!itie% ith th$%e $) e"i%tin- an# )at,re *an-,a-e $'(i*er% an# inter(reter%.

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.+2 User)Interf!e *riteri!-

The interati!e #e&,--in- %+%te' %h$,*# &e %i'(*e in it% $r-ani%ati$n an# )a'i*iar in it% *an-,a-e.

The )ai*itie% $) the #e&,--in- %+%te' %h$,*# &e $r-ani%e# int$ a )e &a%i ate-$rie% $) ),nti$n1

hih %h&,*# *$%e*+ ne-*et $''$n ,%er ta%%. Thi% %i'(*e $r-ani%ati$n $ntri&,te% -reat*+ t$

ea%e $) trainin- an# ea%e $) ,%e.

The ,%er interati$n %h$,*# tae a#!anta-e $) ),**%reen ter'ina* #e!ie% hen the+ are a!ai*a&*e.

The (ri'ar+ a#!anta-e i% that a -reat #ea* $) in)$r'ati$n an &e #i%(*a+e# an# han-e# ea%i*+ an#

,i*+.

A #e&,--in- %+%te' %h$,*# a*%$ %,(($rt interati!e ,%er% hen a %reen ter'ina* #e!ie i% n$t

(re%ent. E!er+ ati$n a ,%er an tae at a ),**%reen ter'ina* %h$,*# ha!e an e,i!a*ent ati$n in

a *inear #e&,--in- *an-,a-e.

The $''an# *an-,a-e %h$,*# ha!e a *ear1 *$-ia*1 %i'(*e %+nta". C$''an#% %h$,*# &e %i'(*e

rather than $'($,n#.

There %h$,*# &e a $n%i%tent ,%e $) (ara'eter na'e% ar$%% the %et $) $''an#%. Para'eter%

%h$,*# &e a,t$'atia**+ hee# )$r err$r% in %,h attri&,te% a% t+(e an# ran-e $) !a*,e%.

C$''an# )$r'at% %h$,*# &e a% )*e"i&*e a% ($%%i&*e. The $''an# *an-,a-e %h$,*# 'ini'i%e the

,%e $) %,h (,nt,ati$n a% (arenthe%e%1 %*a%he%1 ,$tati$n 'ar% an# $ther %(eia* harater%.

An+ -$$# interati!e%+%te' %h$,*# ha!e an $n*ine HELP )ai*it+. HELP %h$,*# &e ae%%i&*e

)r$' an+ %tate $) the #e&,--in- %e%%i$n.

III CSE UNIT V

































ss unit v notes2

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