ss2 - the first empires

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THE FIRST EMPIRES

An Introduction to Conquering theWorld

THE COURSE OF EMPIRES by Thomas Cole (1833-36)

The Savage State


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The Arcadian or Pastoral State


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The Consummation of Empire


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The Destruction of Empire


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Desolation


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There is the moral of all human tales;'Tis but the same rehearsal of the past.

First freedom and then Glory - when thatfails,Wealth, vice, corruption - barbarism at last.And History, with all her volumes vast,

Hath but one page.

Canto IV, Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, Byronas quoted by Thomas Cole


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4/15/12 The Akkadian Empire, the first empire in

history


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4/15/12 The Persian Achaemenid Empire, the earliest large

empire in history


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4/15/12 The Umayyad Dynasty, after the death of Muhammad


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What is an empire?

A geographically extensive group of statesand ethnicities governed by a central

authority.

There are two types TERRITORIAL EMPIRES HEGEMONIC EMPIRES

Created through directconquest, war, and control

with force.

Created through indirectconquest, coercion, and

control with power.

There is direct political control inthe area, greater tribute iscollected, but the armies are tied

down.

There is indirect political control,less tribute is collected, but armiesare more expansive.


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The Asabiya of Empires

Following Ibn Khalduns theory, we caninfer that the asabiya of an empire is

incredibly low.

And yet, they made upfor it.

It is during the ageof empires when we

see advancementsand progress in

almost every humanendeavour.


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PRESENT DAYTell Abu Shahrain, Iraq


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c5400 BCEEridu

Eridu (Sumerian: Eridu; transliteration: Eriduki; from theSumerian for "mighty place") is an ancient city in what is noTell Abu Shahrain, in Iraq. Eridu was considered the earliest

in southern Mesopotamia, and has been argued to be the olcity in the world


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Mesopotamian civilization (3200to 539BCE) is founded between the

Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It is asuccession of nations that built onthe achievements of the one before.


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SUMERIANS (3200 2000 BCE)


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THE STANDARD OF UR: Sumer in war and peace


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AKKADIANS (2300 2200 BCE)


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AMORITES (2000 1600 BCE)

If anyone brings an accusation of any crime before theelders, and does not prove what he has charged, heshall, if a capital offense is charged, be put to death.

If a man strikes a pregnant woman, thereby causing herto miscarry and die, the assailant's daughter shall be putto death.

If a man knocks the teeth out of another man, his own

teeth will be knocked out.

If anyone strikes the body of a man higher in rank thanhe, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public.


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ASSYRIANS (1300 612 BCE)


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CHALDEANS (612 - 539 BCE)


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CHALDEANS (612 - 539 BCE)


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People Highlights

Sumerians3200 2000 BCE

Had the earliest cities Invented: the wheel, writing (cuneiform), lunarcalendar, the ziggurat as the city center Introduced irrigation

Amorites2000 1600 BCE

Also called Old Babylon A Semitic people that conquered Akkad Hammurabi (ruled 1792-1750BCE) Known for: The Epic of Gilgamesh,mathematics, division of time: duodecimalsystem

Assyrians1300 612 BCE

Splendid city of Nineveh Superb and unmatched warriors of the time

Chaldeans612 539 BCE

Also called New Babylon Advances in architecture and astronomy

SUMMARY OF MESOPOTAMIA


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PERSEPOLIS

THE PERSIANS


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Persia is modern-dayIran.

Its earliest inhabitants are the Elamites (2800 550BCE) who would often feud with the Babyloniansand Assyrians.

More influential, however, have been the Aryans

who came into Iran around 1100BCE. Of these

THE PERSIAN EMPIRE


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4/15/12 Achaemenid Empire (550 to 330 BCE) founded byC rus the Great

THE PERSIAN EMPIRE


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Contributions to World History

1. Zoroastrianism Often considered the earliestmonotheistic religion, it speaks of a conflictbetween asha (truth, order) and druj (the lie,

chaos).

1. Universalism Incredibly tolerant of othercultures (at least by standards of their time),followed a One World Policy, and called their king

the Shahanshah or King of Kings.

1. Effective Imperial Administration Theydivided their lands into satrapies (governed by a

satrap), a monarchy with a noble class,professional armies, taxation systems, and even

THE PERSIAN EMPIRE


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4/15/12 Achaemenid Empire (550 to 330 BCE) founded byC rus the Great

THE PERSIAN EMPIRE

ngs o


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ngs oRemember

Fertile Crescent is

a curved shapedregion inSouthwest Asia.

Such an arc of landprovides some ofthe best farm land

Mesopotamiameans landbetween two rivers(Tigris and

Euphrates) located


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Sumerians createCity-States

A city state functioned much as anindependent country as today. Urbecaome the center of all Sumerian

cities Cultural Diffusion is the process of

new idea or a product spreading from

one culture to another Sumerian invented the wheel, the

sail and the plow; they were the first

to use bronze; and they developed


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Sexigisimalsystem the

numbersystem inbase 60 andthe 360

degrees ofthe circle

Ziggurat is

a pyramidshapeddesign

structure

kk di h i i


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Akkadian the First EmpireBuilder

Akkad a city state north of Sumer.Unlike the Sumerian, they areSemitic people

Sargon I the ruler of the first empire


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Babylonian Empire

Babylonians were the nomadicwarrior known as the Amorites,another Semitic group. Theyoverwhelm the Sumerian andestablished their capital at Babylon.

Babylonian Empire reached its peakduring the reign of Hammurabi wherehis most enduring legacy is the codeof laws he put together


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A i D i t


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Assyria DominatesMesopotamia

Assyrian developed a militarymachine, conquered an empire andestablished imperial administration


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ss2 - the first empires

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