st helena: a living laboratory for green energy€¦ · st helena: a living laboratory for green...
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St Helena: A Living Laboratory
for Green Energy
Dr Jason M. Yon & Dr Sam J. Williamson
Electrical Energy Management GroupUniversity of Bristol
5th February 2018
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Not our typical research presentation
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More an overview of our research ideas and
the broader renewable energy research space;
Our view on the role of islands
in the changing energy sector;
Our thoughts on the leading role that Africa,
Brazil and other developing economies will play
in the development of new grid technologies;
Our thoughts on the future of energy.
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St Helena: A Living Laboratory for Green EnergyJ. Yon & S. Williamson | 05/02/2018 3
Jason Yon
MEng Avionic systems
PhD Aerospace generators
Research Electrical powertrains
Teaching Design and Manufacture
Other
Grew up on St Helena.
Likes fishing, diving and
hiking
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BEng
Aero-mechanical
systems
PhD
Microgrids and pico-
hydro power
Research
Renewable energy,
microgrids
Teaching
Electrical systems,
control
Other Likes cats
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Sam Williamson
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Electrical Energy Management Group
Focus:
Underpinning engineering science
for Electric Machines and
Power Electronics
Electromechanical Systems
Engineering
Application areas:
Energy Harvesting, Aerospace
Systems, Automotive Traction
Drives and Renewable Energy
Scale:
< 1 mW to almost 1 MW
www.bristol.ac.uk/engineering/research/em
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Academic Partners
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• Population of SSA: ~ 1.05 billion [1]
• Average electrification rate: 31% [2]
• Electrification essential to
economic growth
• A western/European style grid
is unlikely to be viable
• Real motivation to implement
new grid topologies
What has Africa got to do with it?
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Necessity is the mother of invention
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“St Helena: A Living Laboratory
for Green Energy”
What’s this all about?
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Energy: What is it and do we need it?
• We don’t need energy; instead we need the services
that energy provides
• Key energy services [3]:
• Lighting
• Cooking and water heating
• Cooling
• Space heating
• Information and Communication
• Earning a living
• We must remember: Energy is not just electricity!
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Overview of energy research space
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Technology Policy
Economics
Social
Environment ENERGY
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Why is St Helena interesting?
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It’s an island
It’s the right time
It’s the right scale
It has ambition
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Other islands in the literature [4]
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Caribbean
New Zealand
Cyprus
Eigg
Mauritius
Samsø
Jeju Pacific Islands
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Energy: How is it used on St Helena?
• Sankey diagram showing how some energy is used in
St Helena based on available data [5-8]
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How should we source energy?
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• Electricity: Diesel, solar PV, wind
• Transportation: Diesel, petrol, jet fuel
• Heating: Wood, gas, solar thermal
• Local renewables generation can
reduce cost per unit and emissions
• Must be robust with low maintenance
overheads matched to available local
skills/repair facilities
IMPORTING FOSSIL FUELS IS EXPENSIVE!
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Where should we locate renewables?
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Windy places?
All together?
Sunny places?
Spread out?
Near infrastructure?
Out of sight?
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How should we store energy?
• Energy is not just electricity
• Storage is not just batteries
• Need to consider
• Round trip efficiency
[energy out / energy in]
• Cost per kW, cost per kWh (per ‘unit’)
• Storage can support energy systems to
balance supply and demand
• Could we store/use excess renewable
generation in hot water, charge electric
vehicles, cool masses?
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How do we tackle energy poverty?
>10% of household income spent
on energy (UK definition [9])
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What are the future challenges?
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What other technology
could we potentially
use in the future to
make St Helena even
more energy independent?
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What will transport look like in the future?
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Electric ships [10]
Electric cars
Electric aircraft!
Hydrogen fuel cells?
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+ Short range required
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Electric vehicles on St Helena?
Probably only viable with renewable energy
+ Charging off-street available for many
+ Able to support supply/demand balance
- Electricity @ 30p/46p per unit
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Microgrids: What are they?
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Intelligent grid operation?
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• Support integration of small
scale domestic renewables into
grid using microgrid concepts
• Develop mechanisms for
intelligent metering
• Analyse possibilities of demand
management
• Load aggregation, grid
support, load shedding
• Storage control
• Time of use tariffs
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So, what is our plan?
What we have – study
What we need – requirements capture
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Create and calibrate computer models of the
electrical grid and wider energy ‘system’
Try to be a useful academic partner for St
Helena in the renewable energy space
Use simulations and laboratory experiments
to assess new technologies and practices
Understand:
Analyse:
Research:
Support:
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Our hopes for St Helena
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We hope you meet your renewable energy targets;
We hope that the island continues to have bold ambition as
energy system technology evolves:
We hope that this reduces the cost of energy;
You’re small enough to make big changes!
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Thank you for listening Any questions?
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References
1. http://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/sub-saharan-africa-population/
2. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ibrahim-assane-mayaki/the-electrification-of-af_b_13951144.html
3. https://policy.practicalaction.org/policy-themes/energy/poor-peoples-energy-outlook/poor-
peoples-energy-outlook-2010
4. Yonghong Kuang et al., A review of renewable energy utilization in islands, Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.014.
5. http://www.connect.co.sh/uploads/2/9/0/2/29020443/connect_signed_accounts_2016-
17_final.pdf
6. http://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/St-Helena-Government-Energy-
Strategy-DRAFT.pdf
7. http://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/RFP-Renewable-Energy-FINAL-
070617-1.pdf
8. http://sainthelenaisland.info/census2016summary.pdf
9. https://www.energy-uk.org.uk/policy/fuel-poverty.html
10. https://theloadstar.co.uk/port-liner-launches-first-emission-free-barges-europes-waterways/
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