staar review i want you to pass the staar test. political machines boss tweed “gilded age” civil...
TRANSCRIPT
STAAR Review
I want you to Pass the STAAR Test
Political
MachinesBoss Tweed “Gilded
Age”Civil Service Reform
• Western expansion
• Homestead Act• Klondike Gold
rush• Railroads (TCRR)
ImmigrationPush/Pull Factors
Urbanization(living conditions)
Quotas
Assimilation
Indian Wars
Dawes ActAmerican Indian Citizenship Act
Free Enterprise
Industrialization
Labor Unions
Andrew Carnegie/ John D. Rockefeller
Entrepreneurship
Populism
Cattle Boom
Shipping Cost
• Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
• Nativism• Americanization
American Imperialism
Pros• Military protection &
increased naval strength– Alfred Thayer Mahan- argued
need for powerful navy• Economic support
– Increased need for raw materials & markets to sell manufactured goods
• Open Door Policy• Dollar Diplomacy• Example: Panama Canal
cons• Need for
dominance/superiority– Sanford B. Dole (Hawaii)
• Missionaries• Social Darwinism
Spanish American War
(SPAM)
Who When Where
Why How Significance
Pulitzer & Hurst
War – USA vs. Spain
1898-USS Maine is sent to Cuba to protect US economic interests-explosion of Main is seen as a direct attack on US
Cuba-Havana-San Juan Hill Philippines-Manila Bay(Colonies of Spain)
USS Maine sinking-US blames Spanish for mysterious explosionDeLome Letter-called President McKinley “weak” outraged Americans
Land- US Volunteer force led by TR & “Rough Riders”Sea- US defeats Spanish navy in a few hoursMedia- uses of yellow journalism
US won Puerto Rico, Guam, & bought Philippines for $20 million
Result – US is recognized as a world power
Progressive Era ReformsProblem Muckraker Reform National, State,
or Local
Economic1.Monopolies & trusts2.Tariffs3.Banks4.Lost Revenue
Ida TarbellTheodore Roosevelt “Trust Buster” Woodrow WilsonPanic of 1907
1. Interstate commerce act, Clayton anti-trust Act, Fed Trade Commission Act
2. Underwood Tariff
3. Federal Reserve4. 16th
Amendment- graduated income tax
NATIONAL
Social1.Lynching2.Equality for AA3.Suffrage4.Working conditions5.Living conditions6.Consumer protections
1. Ida Tarbell2. Book T.
Washington WEB DuBois
3. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B Anthony
4. Triangle Shirt waist Factory
5. Jacob Riis- Jan Addams
6. Upton Sinclair
2. NAACP3. 19th amendment –women’s suffrage4. Safety legislation5. Tenement House Commission – Hull house6. Meat Inspection Act – Pure Food & Drug Act
1. NATIONAL2. NATIONAL3. NATIONAL4. LOCAL/STATE5. LOCAL/STATE6. NATIONAL
Progressive Era Reforms
Problem Muckraker Reform National, State, or Local
Political1.Government corruption-political machines/bosses-spoils system
Lincoln SteffensRobert Lafollette
City-manager/ commission initiative –voters introduce billReferendum- refer bill to voteRecall- removal from officeDirect primarySecret ballot17th amendment- direct election of senatorsPendleton Act/Civil Service Commission
Local
State
National
environmentAbuse of natural resources
Teddy RooseveltWoodrow Wilson
National Park Service Act (1916) Created national park system
National
Who Technological Innovations Effects of Technological Innovations
Causes How Significance
World War I1914-1918
Central Powers vs. Allied Powers
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) led by Gen. Pershing
Alvin York – medal of Honor winner
Machine Gun Tanks & Airplanes Poison Gas Submarines (U-
Boats)
Western Front Trench Warfare Battle of Argonne
Forest turning point of the war
Stalemate Massive death toll
MAIN
ilitarismlliance system
mperialismationalismAssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Sinking of the Lusitania(Unrestricted submarine warfare)
Zimmerman Telegram
Treaty of Versailles Germany had to pay reparations and accept war guilt clause
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points- created League of Nations (peace keeping organization)
The Roaring Twenties(The Great American Mullet)
“Business in the front”• Political
– Harding & Teapot Dome Scandal– “Return to Normalcy”
• Social– Race Relations
• Eugenics• Marcus Garvey• KKK• Great Migration• Nativism/Red Scare• Immigration Quota/Citizenship
Act 1924• Economic
– Economic boom• Mass production/assembly line• Henry Ford• Laissez-faire• Buying on Credit
“Party in the Back”• Social
– Adventure• Charles Lindbergh• Glenn Curtiss
– Changing role of women• Flappers
– Cultural values• Prohibition• Organized crime• Scopes “monkey” trial
– Clarence Darrow (Evolution) William Jennings Bryan (Creation)
– Art & Literature• Harlem Renaissance• Ten Pan Alley
Great Depression to New Deal
America’s Road to Recovery*Overproduction *Speculation & buying on the margin (stock market)*Buying on credit *Shaky banking practices
October 29, 1929 “Black Tuesday” Stock market CrashPeople who invested in market couldn’t repay loans -> bank failures ->”run on the
bank” Demand for goods decreased ->factories close ->unemployment
• Laissez-faire attitude & “rugged individualism *believed gov’t shouldn’t intervene in eco aid
• Reconstruction finance corp -> small loans would “trickle down” avg American (failure)• Hoovervilles (shack and shanty towns) sprung up around towns/citiesIn the great plains region *series of droughts +1million must move west
+overuse of water resources + depleting nutrients from top soil = dried up crops + topsoil = dust
*Hoover passes act to send Mexican-American immigrants back to Mexico*Forcibly he moved (even if already US Citizen) * reason: need for any employment
1932 *Promises a NEW DEAL for Americans * Brian Trust & fireside chats *Eleanor Roosevelt (Wife)-political activist
*new view on gov’t responsibility to its citizens Relief- short term measures – “quick aid” Recovery – eco stimulus – create demand & productionReform-change gov’t system- “complete overhaul”
• Some thought 3R’s went too far –conservatives felt FDR had too much control• Some thought 3R’s didn’t go far enough- Huey P Long’s “Share our Wealth”
*Some New Deal programs were deemed unconstitutional*FDR fears more rejection by Supreme Court & attempts to pass law to appoint new SC Justices (fails)
FDR’S New DealRelief
(Short-term)Is like:
Recovery(Stimulus)
Is like:
Reform (Systematic)
Is like:Band-Aid Cast New Limb
Bank Holiday- closed all banks until they were financially stableEmergency mortgage LoansWork ReliefCivilian Conservation Corps (CCC)Public Works Admin (PWA)Works Progress Admin (WPA)
National Recovery Admin (NRA)- set price & production controls & minimum wageAgricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) – paid farmers to plant less; gov’t bought farm surplus (in effort to control prices)
Social Security Admin (SSA)- provides unemployment insurance retirement pensions- workers pay in contributionsSecurities & Exchange Commission (SEC)- watches stock market activity & prevents fraudFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- Insures bank deposits up to $250,000
*All of these programs are still in effect today
Decreased spending/demand
Decreased hours/wages
Unemployment
Increased demand/spending
Increased employment
Increased wages/hours
August 1945 Atomic Bombs dropped
1942Battle of Midway
Dec. 7, 1941
Attack on Pearl
Harbor
June 6, 1944 D-Day
Invasion
Hideki TojoFlying TigersBataan Death MarchIsland HoppingNavajo Code TalkersChester NimitzDouglas McArthurGeorge Marshall
Isolationism WarAppeasementCash & CarryLend-LeasePearl Harbor9066 + Interment campsWar information/ propagandaWar bonds +rationing+ victory gardens = patriotismVolunteer/enlist/mobilizationVernon J. Baker
Adolf Hitler dictatorBenito Mussolini aggressionJoseph StalinGeorge PattonDwight EisenhowerOmar BradleyD-Day InvasionsLiberation of CampsTuskegee AirmenHolocaust
USA/Europe
Truman, MarshallChurchill, ThatcherRegan United
Nations
Soviet Union/USSR
StalinKhrushchevGorbachevYelstin
Free Market Economy Capitalism
•Economic freedoms•Private ownership of business & property•Supply & demand determine prices•Multi-party system•Freedom of the press, expression & religion
Command Economy
• no economic freedoms• state-owned industries
(education, transportation, etc)
• gov’t controlled radio, TV, news
• State ownership of business production
• Communist party control (one party/leader)
Truman DoctrineMarshall PlanContainmentDomino TheoryNATO/ Collective Security
Warsaw PactSatellite NationIron CurtainBerlin Wall
Iron Curtain
Space RaceMoon-landingArms race
HUACRed ScareJoseph McCarthyRosenberg TrialsVerona PapersPresidentsTruman – start CW KoreaEisenhower- Korea-VietnamKennedy- Cuban MC, VietnamNixon-Vietnam, China, USSRFord (X)Carter (X)Reagan- USSRBush – Fall of Wall end of CW
Berlin AirliftGermany/BerlinBerlin WallDissolution of SU
Soviet UnionDétenteStar Wars
Space RaceSputnikArms Race
Mao Zedong
KoreaKorean War
Vietnam WarDomino TheoryGulf of Tonkin ResolutionEscalationTet Offensive VietnamizationFall of SaigonWar Powers Resolution
Fidel CastroBay of Pigs InvasionCuban Missile Crisis
Baby Boom
Interstate Highway Act
Housing Boom
Fear of Communism
GI Bill
Increased $ in math & science education
Polio Vaccine
Blue white collar jobs
Tin
y
LittleBoxes
American Dream
Levittown - Suburbs
ProsperityFree TimeIncreased
Consumption &Spending
Pop CultureRock & Roll
Beat GenerationBeatniks
Civil Rights Acts19571964Voting Rights Act196324th Amendment
George Wallace O
rval Faubus
S. Democrats
Lester Maddox
13- Free14- Citizens15-VotePlessey v FergusonBrown v Board of EdThurgood Marshall
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks
Little Rock 9
Sit-ins
Freedom Rides
MLK jrNon-violentLetter from Birmingham Jail
Selma March
March on Washington “I have a dream”
Affirmative Action
Non-violentCivil disobediencePassive resistanceSNCC/SCLCIntegrationMontgomery Bus BoycottMarch on WashingtonSelma MarchEqual Rights*1968 assassinated
Non-violent (transitional)MuslimSegregationNation of IslamMecca Pilgrimage
*1965 assassinated
MilitantCommunity- based political organizationSegregationBlack power
Stokely CarmichaelHuey NewtonBobby Seale
Feminist movement
Betty Friedan
Title IX
Roe v Wade
NOW
Equal Pay Act
Cesar Chaves
Dolores Huerta
Hector P. Garcia
Chicano Mural Movement
AIM –American Indian Movement
Red Power
-Civil Rights Acts
-Voting Rights Acts
-Medicare/Medicaid
-War on Poverty
-Job Corps
Doves
Hawks
-26th Amendment/ Draft
-Role of media
-Credibility gap
-Silent majority
“ask not what your country can do for
you but what you can do for your
country”-Peace Corps-Space Race-moon landing-$ math & Science education
-Rebellion
-Rock n’ Roll
-Divergent Thinking
Break from traditional
lifestyle
-hippies
-commune living
-recreational drugs
JFK LBJ Hippy
Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
Nixon
Ford
Ford
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Regonomics
Peace Through Strength -Star WarsIran-Contra Affair
War on Terror
Sandra Day O’Connor
Sun Belt
End of the Cold War (1991)
Persian Gulf War
Rust Belt
Use the Jarrett Book page 341 to summarize these
NAFT
GATT
2008 Financial Crisis-Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
2009 American Recovery & Reinvestment Act
Balkan Crisis
Third Parties & Ross Perot
2000 Election -Al Gore2001 Terrorist AttackPatriot Act -TSA -Homeland SecurityWar on Terror -al-Qaeda-Iraq-Bin Laden
2008 Election
Sona Soto Mayor
Contract w/America & Newt Gingrich
Scandal & Impeachment
NCLB
Illegal Immigration
Hurricane Katrina
Hillary Clinton
Oprah Winfrey
Communication, Tech,& Science
-Satellite
-Cell Phone
-PC
-Robotics
-GPS
-Genetic engineering
-IT
Computer movement
JIT
Time-Study Analysis
E-Commerce
Out-Sourcing
Global Marketplace
Free Enterprise/ capitalism (free market economy)Business cycle
Small business v Big business
Bill Gates/ PC
Sam Walton/ Wal-Mart
Estee Lauder
Robert Johnson
Lionel Sosa
Gilded AgeBoss Tweed
IndustrializationChild Labor
UrbanizationHow the other ½ lives
ImmigrationNativism West. expansion
Manifest Destiny
AssimilationAmericanization SPAM
1898USS Maine
Am. ImperialismPanama Canal & TR
Progressive EraTR MuckrakerMeat inspection
WWI1914-1918
Roaring 20’sFlappers
G. DepressionS M Crash 1929
G. DepressionMigrant mother
New DealSocial Security Administration
WWII1939-1945
Cold WarRed Scare
Baby boomHousing Boom
Civil RightsRosa Parks
Space RaceSputnik 1957
Space RaceMoon landing
Civil Rights1968 MLK assassination
Civil RightsCaesar ChavezChicano mvmt
1960sAnti- War movement
1970sWatergate crisis
1980sEra of Conservatism
1991- Fall of Communism
2001Terrorist Attacks
2008 Obama 1st black President
Benjamin Rush- Father of American Medicine
John Jay- wrote some of the Federalist Papers
John Peter Muhlenberg- Minister who recruited soldiers Jonathan Trumbull Sr- only colonial governor to side with colonists
George Washington- commander of Continental Army
John Hancock- signer of DOI
John Witherspoon- President of Princeton University
Charles Carroll- helped financed the Revolution
John Locke- Unalienable rights
Thomas Jefferson- writer of the DOI
ReligionAssemblyPressPetitionSpeech
Right to bear arms
No quartering of troops
No unreasonable search & seizure*just cause*warrant -no self incrimination-no double jeopardy-grad jury (must show cause for fed. Trial)-just compensation (for gov’t to take property-trail by jury-right to a lawyer-right to confront your accusers -speedy trial
Criminal cases
-trial by jury Civil cases
-no cruel & unusual punishment-no excessive bailRights of the people are no limited to those in the Constitution All powers not specified in the Constitution are given to the states
Creates a balance of power among 3 branches
L
E
J
Approve judges
Appoints judges
Declares executive actions unconstitutional
Overrides veto
Veto legislation
Declares legislation unconstitutional
Division of power based on location
Federal State Local
Divides Gov’t powers into 3 branches1.Legislavtive (H.R/Sen) -law making body2. Executive (President) -executes the law3. Judicial (S. Court) -judges the law
The gov’t only has the powers granted in the Constitution (9th & 10th amendments)
A democratic gov’t chose by the people
People hold supreme power
Representative form of gov’t
Ex. Elect reps.
Rights of the people found in the Bill of Rights
-all have the same right to participate in
government
-a society of equals-ability to own land allowed people to be viewed as equals
-freedom-protections against a tyrannical gov’t-rule of law(gov’t is not above the law)
-free to choose-private association
-no gov’t control
-no government control or influence on the economy
“hands-off”
Alexis de TocquevilleDiscusses how democracy in America is a unique case and unlike democracy in Europe