stage 2 chemistry | investigations folio: practical...carbonic acid is a weak acid and therefore its...

Stage 2 Chemistry | Investigations Folio: Practical

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Name: _____________________________ SACE Number: ________________________

Assessment Conditions

You will be working collaboratively in pairs during this practical.

You will have one double lesson (90 minutes) to complete the preliminary investigation.

Use this time to explore different variables and quantities using the equipment and

information that has been provided.

You are required to design an investigation to examine the effect of one variable that you

have identified in the preliminary investigation. You will have homework time plus one

single lesson (45 minutes) to develop your procedure. A procedure and list of materials

MUST be submitted by the end of the single lesson to assess suitability and ensure

requested equipment is available.

You will have one double lesson (90 minutes) to undertake your design investigation.

During the practical, you will be required to use the spaces provided in this booklet to

record evidence of your observations and understanding of the procedure and results. The

booklet is to be submitted at the end of the double lesson so a photocopy can be taken.

Each student is required to submit an individual practical report that will be due one

week from the completion of the design investigation. The report should be a maximum

of 1500 words and include the following sections:

o Introduction (including relevant chemistry concepts, hypothesis, variables)

o Materials list*

o Procedure*

o Safety and ethical considerations*

o Results*

o Analysis and discussion of results (including trend identification and links to

concepts)

o Evaluation of procedures and data (including errors)

o Conclusion with justification

*The asterisked sections are excluded from the word count.

The report must elaborate on the evidence collected in this booklet only. No new evidence

may be added. This booklet MUST be submitted with the final report.

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

Background Information

Carbonated drinks are produced through a process called carbonation, where carbon dioxide (CO2)

is forced to dissolve into water (H2O).

Once carbon dioxide becomes dissolved, it reacts with water molecules to produce carbonic acid

(H2CO3) as shown in the equilibrium equation below:

CO2(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ H2CO3(aq)

Carbonic acid is a weak acid and therefore its formation during the carbonation process increases

the acidity of the water. It is this acidity that gives carbonated drinks the ‘bite’ and ‘tang’ that some

people find appealing.

The acidity of a carbonated drink can be used indirectly to determine the concentration of carbon

dioxide in a solution using a titration. As sodium hydroxide (a base) is added to the solution, the

carbon dioxide molecules present in the solution are consumed according to the following equation:

CO2(aq) + NaOH(aq) ⇌ NaHCO3(aq)

When all of the carbon dioxide has been consumed, the solution will no longer be acidic. The point

at which this occurs is called the endpoint and is identified by a colour change through the use of

an appropriate indicator.

From the equation, it can be seen that the number of moles of carbon dioxide present in the

solution is in a 1:1 ratio with the number of moles of sodium hydroxide titrated. Therefore, the

concentration of carbon dioxide in the solution can be determined.

Use the preliminary investigation to investigate the solubility of carbon dioxide. The following

materials are available to be used:

- Sprite, Diet Sprite and Sparkling Water

- Indicators: phenolphthalein, bromothymol blue, universal indicator

- Electronic pH probe

- Hot plate

- Ice

- Stopwatch

- Thermometer

- Burette

- Conical flasks (various sizes)

- Beakers (various sizes)

- Pipettes (various sizes)

- Measuring cylinders (various sizes)

- Retort stand

- 1.0M sodium hydroxide

- Deionised water

Safety Notes

Sodium hydroxide is corrosive. A lab coat and safety glasses must be worn at all times. Long hair

must be tied back. Covered shoes must be worn.

State which solution will go in the burette and which solution will go in the flask. [KA1]

Outline the basic procedures that are used throughout the preliminary investigation. Be sure to

include any observations made and any relevant results or calculations. [IAE1]

DESIGN INVESTIGATION

Design an investigation to examine the effect of one variable that you have identified from

your preliminary investigation.

State purpose of the investigation based on the exploration of variables in the preliminary

investigation. [IAE1]

State a testable hypothesis for the investigation. [IAE1]

Identify the independent and dependent variables in this investigation and describe how each will

be measured or altered. [IAE1]

Identify at least two control variables in this investigation and describe why they need to be kept

constant and how they will be kept constant. [IAE1]

Conducting the investigation.

List the materials that are required for this investigation. [IAE1]

Outline any safety or ethical issues which need to be considered in this investigation and how they

will be managed. [IAE1]

Describe a procedure for the investigation. [IAE1]

Draw a diagram of the set-up for the investigation. [KA4]

Skills checklist. [KA1]

Teacher’s signature: ___________________________________ Lim

ited

evid

ence

Som

e

evid

ence

Satisfa

cto

ry

evid

ence

Good

evid

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Excelle

nt

evid

ence

Skill Comment E D C B A

Contribution to procedure design

Selection and use of appropriate equipment

Accurate reading of volumes

Accurate determination of the endpoint

Safety and organisation of the workspace

Time management

Results.

Construct an appropriate table/s for the collection of results from the investigation. [IAE2]

Conduct any calculations that are required from the results. Be sure to show all working. [IAE2]

Construct an appropriate graph/s indicating the impact of the variable on the investigation. [IAE2]

Analysis and Discussion – Use these questions to prompt your analysis and discussion. A

full analysis and discussion section will require further thought.

Describe the trends (if any) that are observable from the results. [IAE3]

Describe what the results suggest about the equilibrium of CO2. [IAE3]

Explain why it is necessary to achieve concordant titre values. [KA1]

State any random errors that were encountered in the investigation, their impact on the results and

how they could be minimized if the investigation was repeated. [IAE4]

State any systematic errors that were encountered in the investigation, their impact on the results

and how they could be minimized if the investigation was repeated. [IAE4]

Evaluate the procedure and describe any improvements that could be made. [IAE4]

Evaluate the effectiveness of your group work and describe any improvements that could be made.

[IAE4]

Conclusion

From your findings, explain whether the results support or reject the hypothesis. [IAE3]

MARKS GRID

Investigation, Analysis

and Evaluation Knowledge And

Application

IAE1 IAE2 IAE3 IAE4 KA1 KA2 KA3 KA4

Preliminary Investigation

Show understanding of correct titration technique

X

Describe the procedure/s followed and record observations in a logical and coherent manner

X

Design Investigation

State a suitable purpose for the investigation based on the findings from the preliminary investigation

X

State a testable hypothesis for the investigation

X

Identify the independent, dependent and control variables in the investigation

X

Conducting the Investigation

Identify the necessary materials that are required for the investigation

X

Identify any safety or ethical concerns and strategies in which they can be managed

X

Design a procedure to investigate the stated hypothesis

X

Draw an accurate diagram of the apparatus used in the investigation

X

Demonstrate competency in laboratory skills

X

Results

Present data in appropriate tabular form, including title, column headings, values and units

X

Demonstrate appropriate calculations (if any) that assist with result analysis

X

Plot an appropriate graph/s, including figure legend, labeled axes with units and appropriate scale

X

Analysis and Discussion

Describe the trends (if any) that can be identified from the results

X

Identify and explain how the results relate to the equilibrium of CO2

X

Explain the need to achieve concordant titre values for the investigation

X

Evaluate the procedure for the investigation and suggest any improvements, including identifying any random and systematic errors and their effect on the data

X

Evaluate the effectiveness of group work during the investigation and suggest improvements

X

Conclusion

Write a conclusion that is based on the results of the investigation and refers to the hypothesis

X

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR STAGE 2 CHEMISTRY

- Investigation, Analysis, and Evaluation Knowledge and Application

A Designs a logical, coherent, and detailed chemistry investigation.

Obtains records, and represents data, using appropriate conventions and formats accurately and highly effectively.

Systematically analyses and interprets data and evidence to formulate logical conclusions with detailed justification.

Critically and logically evaluates procedures and discusses their effect on data.

Demonstrates deep and broad knowledge and understanding of a range of chemical concepts.

Develops and applies chemical concepts highly effectively in new and familiar contexts.

Critically explores and understands in depth the interaction between science and society.

Communicates knowledge and understanding of chemistry coherently, with highly effective use of appropriate terms, conventions, and representations.

B Designs a well-considered and clear chemistry investigation.

Obtains, records, and represents data, using appropriate conventions and formats mostly accurately and effectively.

Logically analyses and interprets data and evidence to formulate suitable conclusions with reasonable justification.

Logically evaluates procedures and their effect on data.

Demonstrates some depth and breadth of knowledge and understanding of a range of chemical concepts.

Develops and applies chemical concepts mostly effectively in new and familiar contexts.

Logically explores and understands in some depth the interaction between science and society.

Communicates knowledge and understanding of chemistry mostly coherently, with effective use of appropriate terms, conventions, and representations.

C Designs a considered and generally clear chemistry investigation.

Obtains, records, and represents data, using generally appropriate conventions and formats with some errors but generally accurately and effectively.

Undertakes some analysis and interpretation of data and evidence to formulate generally appropriate conclusions with some justification.

Evaluates procedures and some of their effect on data.

Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of a general range of chemical concepts.

Develops and applies chemical concepts generally effectively in new or familiar contexts.

Explores and understands aspects of the interaction between science and society.

Communicates knowledge and understanding of chemistry generally effectively, using some appropriate terms, conventions, and representations.

D Prepares the outline of a chemistry investigation.

Obtains, records, and represents data, using conventions and formats inconsistently, with occasional accuracy and effectiveness.

Describes data and undertakes some basic interpretation to formulate a basic conclusion.

Attempts to evaluate procedures or suggest an effect on data.

Demonstrates some basic knowledge and partial understanding of chemical concepts.

Develops and applies some chemical concepts in familiar contexts.

Partially explores and recognises aspects of the interaction between science and society.

Communicates basic chemical information, using some appropriate terms, conventions, and/or representations.

E Identifies a simple procedure for a chemistry investigation.

Attempts to record and represent some data with limited accuracy or effectiveness.

Attempts to describe results and/or interpret data to formulate a basic conclusion.

Acknowledges that procedures affect data.

Demonstrates limited recognition and awareness of chemical concepts.

Attempts to develop and apply chemical concepts in familiar contexts.

Attempts to explore and identify an aspect of the interaction between science and society.

Attempts to communicate information about chemistry.

TEACHER NOTES

The aim of this design practical is to investigate the solubility of carbon dioxide in water

and the variables that influence the equilibrium. The variables that can be tested using the

materials provided include:

- Temperature

- Time of exposure to external environment

- Type of carbonated drink

Students wishing to test other variables or use other materials need to discuss the

suitability of the procedure with the teacher.

The Preliminary Investigation section of this booklet will be able to be completed during the

initial lab session. It should be recommended to students that they complete the purpose,

hypothesis, variables, safety considerations, materials list and procedure sections of the

Design Investigation section prior to the second lab session (as homework and during the

single planning lesson). A materials list and procedure must be submitted by the end of the

planning lesson to allow sufficient time for lab preparation.

For the titrations, students are provided with 1.0M sodium hydroxide solution. A dilution of

the solution (to approximately 0.1M) is required in order to perform an accurate titration.

This may not be immediately evident to the students and may be discovered through trial

and error.

A risk assessment of the investigation is given below. The risk rating of the investigation is

LOW. The MSDS of 1.0M sodium hydroxide solution is also provided.

Risk Assessment Tool For Practical Activities Practical Investigation – DESIGN INVESTIGATION: CO2 EQUILIBRIUM

HAZARD (tick the hazard)

Chemical ALL PRACTICALS REQUIRE SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND

OTHER CONTROLS (tick control measures used)

Solids □ Product of Practical □ Liquids □

Gas/es □

MSDS Available □ MSDS requirement followed □

SOPs* □ Safety Equipment □ PPE □

Clean Up □ Spillage □ Disposal □

Storage □

Biological

Insects □ Microbes □

Plants □ Zoonoses □

Animal □ Parasites □

SOP* □ Safety Equipment* □ PPE □

Clean Up □ Spillage □ Disposal □

Storage □

Thermal

Hot □ Cryogenic □

Cold □

Heat Mats □ PPE □ Tongs □ Insulated Gloves □

Sharps

Pipettes □ Scalpels/Blades □

Scissors □ Glass □

Other □

PPE □ Clean Up □ Disposal (e.g. broken glass bin) □

Electrical

240 Volt □ High Voltage □ Visual inspection (current appliance tag) □

RCD required available □

RCD tested per requirements (portable – before use, hard wired) □

Radiation

Laser □ Ionizing (e.g. Gamma) □ Code of Practice – safe use of Ionizing Radiation in Sec Schools □

Code of Practice – for the use of Lasers in Schools □

PPE □ Appropriate signage/storage □

Excursions

Refer to Excursion Procedure Instructions and safety material for experiments

Consent Forms □ Mobile Phone □

First Aid Kit □ Medical Info checked □

Staff Ratio – Duty of Care □

Machinery

Vibration □ Rotational Motion □

Linear Motion □

Guarding Correct Equipment □

SOP* PPE □

PPE = e.g. gloves, apron, goggles Safety equipment = e.g. eyewash/shower, ventilation, fume cupboard, safety screen SOP = Safe Operating Procedure

This document can be used to identify the level of risk and help to prioritize any control measures.

Consider the consequences and likelihood for each of the identified hazards and use the table to obtain the risk level.

To determine the level of RISK consider: LIKELIHOOD (likelihood of harm caused given the circumstances) CONSEQUENCE (death/disable, several days off work, first aid) RISK (assessment using the risk management framework matrix)

Hierarchy of Control Controls identified may be a mixture of the hierarchy in order to provide minimum operator exposure.

Elimination Eliminate the hazard.

Substitution Provide an alternative that is capable of performing the same task and is safer to use.

Engineering Controls Provide or construct a physical barrier or guard.

Administrative Controls Develop policies, procedures practices and guidelines, in consultation with employees, to mitigate the risk. Provide training, instruction and supervision about the hazard.

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal equipment designed to protect the individual from the hazard.

Consequences

1 – Insignificant

Dealt with by in-house first aid,

etc

2 – Minor Medical help needed. Treatment by medical professional/hospital

outpatient, etc

3 – Moderate Significant non-

permanent injury. Overnight

hospitalisation (inpatient)

4 – Major Extensive

permanent injury (eg loss of finger/s)

Extended hospitalisation

5 – Catastrophic

Death. Permanent

disabling injury (eg blindness, loss

of hand/s, quadriplegia)

Like

liho

od

A -

Almost certain to occur in most circumstances

High (H) High (H) Extreme (X) Extreme (X) Extreme (X)

B -

Likely to occur frequently Moderate (M) High (H) High (H) Extreme (X) Extreme (X)

C -

Possible and likely to occur at some time

Low (L) Moderate(M) High (H) Extreme (X) Extreme (X)

D -

Unlikely to occur but could happen Low (L) Low (L) Moderate(M) High (H) Extreme (X)

E -

May occur but only in rare and exceptional circumstances

Low (L) Low (L) Moderate (M) High (H) High (H)

Once the level of risk has been determined the following table may be of use in determining when to act to institute the control measures.

Extreme Act immediately to mitigate the risk.Either eliminate, substitute or implement engineering control measures.

Remove the hazard at the source. An identified extreme risk does not allow scope for the use of administrative controls or PPE , even in the short term.

High Act immediately to mitigate the risk. Either eliminate, substitute or implement engineering control measures.

If these controls are not immediately accessible, set a timeframe for their implementation and establish interim risk reduction strategies for the period of the set timeframe.

An achievable timeframe must be established to ensure that elimination, substitution or engineering controls are implemented.

NOTE: Risk (and not cost) must be the primary consideration in determining the timeframe. A timeframe of greater than 6 months would generally not be acceptable for any hazard identified as high risk.

Medium Take reasonable steps to mitigate the risk. Until elimination, substitution or engineering controls can be implemented, institute administrative or personal protective equipment controls. These “lower level” controls must not be considered permanent solutions. The time for which they are established must be based on risk. At the end of the time, if the risk has not been addressed by elimination, substitution or engineering controls a further risk assessment must be undertaken.

Interim measures until permanent solutions can be implemented:

Develop administrative controls to limit the use or access.

Provide supervision and specific training related to the issue of concern. (See Administrative Controls below)

Low Take reasonable steps to mitigate and monitor the risk. Institute permanent controls in the long term. Permanent controls may be administrative in nature if the hazard has low frequency, rare likelihood and insignificant consequence.

Record your risk assessment by ticking the appropriate risk rating box

□ X = Extreme Risk □ H = High Risk □ M = Medium Risk □ L = Low Risk

Note: Documented Control options for all practical activities. Emergency procedures must be established.

□ I have received training/instruction/supervision necessary to prepare the materials required for this practical/task, and

have implemented the control measures identified above.

□ Instructions for this practical activity include safety information.

Science teacher ........................................................... Date ......................................... Signature ...................................................

Date Reviewed

Initials

Sodium Hydroxide, 1.0N (1.0M) Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 58 / Monday, March 26, 2012 / Rules and Regulations

Date of issue: 10/18/2013 Version: 1.0

10/18/2013 EN (English) Page 1

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking

1.1. Product identifier

Product form : Mixture

Product name : Sodium Hydroxide, 1.0N (1.0M)

Product code : LC24350

1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against

Use of the substance/mixture : For laboratory and manufacturing use only.

1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

LabChem Inc Jackson's Pointe Commerce Park Building 1000, 1010 Jackson's Pointe Court Zelienople, PA 16063 - USA T 412-826-5230 - F 724-473-0647 [email protected] - www.labchem.com

1.4. Emergency telephone number

Emergency number : CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300 or 011-703-527-3887

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture

GHS-US classification

Skin Corr. 1B H314 Eye Dam. 1 H318

2.2. Label elements

GHS-US labelling

Hazard pictograms (GHS-US) :

GHS05

Signal word (GHS-US) : Danger

Hazard statements (GHS-US) : H314 - Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

Precautionary statements (GHS-US) : P260 - Do not breathe mist, spray, vapours P264 - Wash exposed skin thoroughly after handling P280 - Wear eye protection, face protection, protective clothing, protective gloves P301+P330+P331 - IF SWALLOWED: rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting P303+P361+P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower P304+P340 - IF INHALED: remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing P305+P351+P338 - If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing P310 - Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician P363 - Wash contaminated clothing before reuse P405 - Store locked up P501 - Dispose of contents/container to comply with local, state and federal regulations

2.3. Other hazards

Other hazards not contributing to the classification

: None.

2.4. Unknown acute toxicity (GHS-US)

No data available

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients

3.1. Substance

Not applicable

Full text of H-phrases: see section 16

3.2. Mixture

Name Product identifier % GHS-US classification Water (CAS No) 7732-18-5 96.16 Not classified

mailto:[email protected]

www.labchem.com


10/18/2013 EN (English) 2/8

Name Product identifier % GHS-US classification Sodium Hydroxide (CAS No) 1310-73-2 3.84 Acute Tox. 4 (Dermal), H312

Skin Corr. 1A, H314 Eye Dam. 1, H318 Aquatic Acute 3, H402

SECTION 4: First aid measures

4.1. Description of first aid measures

First-aid measures general : Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If you feel unwell, seek medical advice (show the label where possible).

First-aid measures after inhalation : Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

First-aid measures after skin contact : Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.

First-aid measures after eye contact : Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

First-aid measures after ingestion : Do NOT induce vomiting. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. Rinse mouth.

4.2. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

Symptoms/injuries : Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

Symptoms/injuries after inhalation : Coughing. Irritation of the respiratory tract. Irritation of the nasal mucous membranes.

Symptoms/injuries after skin contact : Caustic burns/corrosion of the skin.

Symptoms/injuries after eye contact : Causes serious eye damage.

Symptoms/injuries after ingestion : Abdominal pain. Bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract. Burns to the gastric/intestinal mucosa. Nausea. Possible esophageal perforation.

Symptoms/injuries upon intravenous administration

: Not available.

Chronic symptoms : Not available.

4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

Obtain medical assistance.

SECTION 5: Firefighting measures

5.1. Extinguishing media

Suitable extinguishing media : Carbon dioxide. Dry powder. Water spray. Foam. Sand.

Unsuitable extinguishing media : Not available. Do not use a heavy water stream.

5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture

Fire hazard : Not flammable.

Explosion hazard : Not available.

Reactivity : Reacts with (some) metals: release of highly flammable gases/vapours (hydrogen). Thermal decomposition generates : Corrosive vapours.

5.3. Advice for firefighters

Firefighting instructions : Use water spray or fog for cooling exposed containers. Exercise caution when fighting any chemical fire. In case of fire: stop leak if safe to do so. When cooling/extinguishing: no water in the substance. Avoid (reject) fire-fighting water to enter environment.

Protection during firefighting : Do not enter fire area without proper protective equipment, including respiratory protection.

Other information : Not available.

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures

6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

General measures : Eliminate ignition sources. Ensure adequate ventilation. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus when entering area unless atmosphere is proved to be safe.

6.1.1. For non-emergency personnel

Protective equipment : Wear chemically protective gloves, lab coat or apron to prevent prolonged or repeated skin contact.

Emergency procedures : Wash contaminated clothes. Evacuate unnecessary personnel. Keep containers closed.

6.1.2. For emergency responders

Protective equipment : Equip cleanup crew with proper protection.

Emergency procedures : Stop leak if safe to do so. Ventilate area.

6.2. Environmental precautions

Avoid release to the environment. Prevent entry to sewers and public waters. Notify authorities if liquid enters sewers or public waters.


6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

For containment : Take up liquid spill into inert absorbent material.

Methods for cleaning up : Carefully collect the spill/leftovers. Clean contaminated surfaces with an excess of water. Wash clothing and equipment after handling. Soak up spills with inert solids, such as clay or diatomaceous earth as soon as possible. Collect spillage. Store away from other materials.

6.4. Reference to other sections

See Heading 8. Exposure controls and personal protection.

SECTION 7: Handling and storage

7.1. Precautions for safe handling

Additional hazards when processed : May be corrosive to metals.

Precautions for safe handling : Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Use corrosionproof equipment. Wash hands and other exposed areas with mild soap and water before eating, drinking or smoking and when leaving work. Provide good ventilation in process area to prevent formation of vapour. Do not breathe spray, vapours, mist.

Hygiene measures : Wash exposed skin thoroughly after handling. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Technical measures : Comply with applicable regulations.

Storage conditions : Keep container closed when not in use. Keep only in the original container in a cool, well ventilated place away from : incompatible materials.

Incompatible products : Strong acids. metals.

Incompatible materials : Sources of ignition. Direct sunlight.

Storage temperature : 5 - 30 °C

Prohibitions on mixed storage : KEEP SUBSTANCE AWAY FROM: (strong) acids. metals. metal powders.

Storage area : Keep locked up. Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep only in the original container.

Special rules on packaging : SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS: corrosion-proof.

Packaging materials : Do not store in corrodable metal.

7.3. Specific end use(s)

No additional information available

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection

8.1. Control parameters

Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2)

USA ACGIH ACGIH Ceiling (mg/m³) 2 mg/m³

USA OSHA OSHA PEL (TWA) (mg/m³) 2 mg/m³

8.2. Exposure controls

Appropriate engineering controls : Emergency eye wash fountains and safety showers should be available in the immediate vicinity of any potential exposure.

Personal protective equipment : Gloves. Safety glasses. Protective clothing. Head/neck protection. Avoid all unnecessary exposure.

Hand protection : Wear chemically resistant protective gloves. Wear protective gloves.

Eye protection : Chemical goggles or face shield.

Skin and body protection : Wear suitable protective clothing.

Respiratory protection : In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. Wear appropriate mask.

Thermal hazard protection : None necessary.

Other information : Do not eat, drink or smoke during use.

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties

9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Physical state : Liquid

Appearance : Clear, colorless liquid.

Colour : Colourless.

Odour : odorless.

Odour threshold : No data available

10/18/2013 EN (English) 3/8


10/18/2013 EN (English) 4/8

pH : ≥ 14

Relative evaporation rate (butylacetate=1) : No data available

Melting point : No data available

Freezing point : No data available

Boiling point : No data available

Flash point : No data available

Self ignition temperature : No data available

Decomposition temperature : No data available

Flammability (solid, gas) : No data available

Vapour pressure : No data available

Relative vapour density at 20 °C : No data available

Relative density : No data available

Density : 1.04 g/ml

Solubility : Soluble in water.

Log Pow : No data available

Log Kow : No data available

Viscosity, kinematic : 1.18 cSt

Viscosity, dynamic : No data available

Explosive properties : No data available.

Oxidising properties : No data available.

Explosive limits : No data available

9.2. Other information


SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity

10.1. Reactivity

Reacts with (some) metals: release of highly flammable gases/vapours (hydrogen). Thermal decomposition generates : Corrosive vapours.

10.2. Chemical stability

Stable under normal conditions.

10.3. Possibility of hazardous reactions

Not established.

10.4. Conditions to avoid

Incompatible materials. Extremely high or low temperatures.

10.5. Incompatible materials

metals. Strong acids.

10.6. Hazardous decomposition products

Sodium oxide. Thermal decomposition generates : Corrosive vapours.

SECTION 11: Toxicological information

11.1. Information on toxicological effects

Acute toxicity : Not classified

Sodium Hydroxide, 1.0N (1.0M)

LD50 dermal rabbit 35156 mg/kg

Water (7732-18-5)

LD50 oral rat ≥ 90000 mg/kg


LD50 dermal rabbit 1350 mg/kg (Rabbit; Literature,Rabbit; Literature)

Skin corrosion/irritation : Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

pH: ≥ 14

Serious eye damage/irritation : Causes serious eye damage.

pH: ≥ 14

Respiratory or skin sensitisation : Not classified

(Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met)


10/18/2013 EN (English) 5/8

Germ cell mutagenicity : Not classified

(Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met)Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met

Carcinogenicity : Not classified


Reproductive toxicity : Not classified


Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) : Not classified


Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure)

: Not classified


Aspiration hazard : Not classified


Potential Adverse human health effects and symptoms

: Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.

Symptoms/injuries after inhalation : Coughing. Irritation of the respiratory tract. Irritation of the nasal mucous membranes.

Symptoms/injuries after skin contact : Caustic burns/corrosion of the skin.

Symptoms/injuries after eye contact : Causes serious eye damage.

Symptoms/injuries after ingestion : Abdominal pain. Bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract. Burns to the gastric/intestinal mucosa. Nausea. Possible esophageal perforation.

Symptoms/injuries upon intravenous administration

: Not available.

Chronic symptoms : Not available.

SECTION 12: Ecological information

12.1. Toxicity

Ecology - general : The product is not considered harmful to aquatic organisms nor to cause long-term adverse effects in the environment.

Ecology - water : Toxic to aquatic life.


LC50 fishes 1 1182 mg/l

EC50 Daphnia 1 1052 mg/l


LC50 fishes 1 45.4 mg/l (96 h; Salmo gairdneri (Oncorhynchus mykiss); SOLUTION >=50%)

EC50 Daphnia 1 40.4 mg/l (48 h; Ceriodaphnia sp.; NOMINAL CONCENTRATION)

LC50 fish 2 189 mg/l (48 h; Leuciscus idus)

TLM fish 1 99 mg/l (48 h; Lepomis macrochirus)

TLM fish 2 125 ppm (96 h; Gambusia affinis)

12.2. Persistence and degradability


Persistence and degradability No data available. Not established.


Persistence and degradability Biodegradability: not applicable. No (test)data on mobility of the substance available.

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Not applicable

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Not applicable

ThOD Not applicable

BOD (% of ThOD) Not applicable

12.3. Bioaccumulative potential


Bioaccumulative potential No data available. Not established.


Bioaccumulative potential Bioaccumulation: not applicable.

12.4. Mobility in soil



12.5. Other adverse effects

Other adverse effects : May cause pH changes in aqueous ecological systems.

Other information : Avoid release to the environment.

SECTION 13: Disposal considerations

13.1. Waste treatment methods

Waste disposal recommendations : Dispose of contents/container to Comply with applicable regulations. Dispose in a safe manner in accordance with local/national regulations.

Ecology - waste materials : Avoid release to the environment.

SECTION 14: Transport information

In accordance with DOT

14.1. UN number

UN-No.(DOT) : 1824

DOT NA no. UN1824

14.2. UN proper shipping name

DOT Proper Shipping Name : Sodium hydroxide solution

Department of Transportation (DOT) Hazard Classes

: 8 - Class 8 - Corrosive material 49 CFR 173.136

Hazard labels (DOT) : 8 - Corrosive substances

Packing group (DOT) : II - Medium Danger

DOT Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.102) : B2 - MC 300, MC 301, MC 302, MC 303, MC 305, and MC 306 and DOT 406 cargo tanks are not authorized. IB2 - Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 C (1.1 bar at 122 F), or 130 kPa at 55 C (1.3 bar at 131 F) are authorized. N34 - Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material. T7 - 4 178.274(d)(2) Normal............. 178.275(d)(3) TP2 - a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: Degree of filling = 95 / (1 + a (tr - tf)) Where: tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius. b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions may be calculated using the formula: a = (d15 - d50) / 35*d50 Where: d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 C (59 F) and 50 C (122 F), respectively.

DOT Packaging Exceptions (49 CFR 173.xxx) : 154

DOT Packaging Non Bulk (49 CFR 173.xxx) : 202

DOT Packaging Bulk (49 CFR 173.xxx) : 242

Marine pollutant : No

14.3. Additional information

Other information : No supplementary information available.

State during transport (ADR-RID) : as liquid.

Overland transport


Transport by sea

DOT Vessel Stowage Location : A - The material may be stowed ‘‘on deck’’ or ‘‘under deck’’ on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

DOT Vessel Stowage Other : 52 - Stow ‘‘separated from’’ acids

Air transport

DOT Quantity Limitations Passenger aircraft/rail (49 CFR 173.27)

: 1 L

DOT Quantity Limitations Cargo aircraft only (49 CFR 175.75)

: 30 L

10/18/2013 EN (English) 6/8


SECTION 15: Regulatory information

15.1. US Federal regulations


SARA Section 311/312 Hazard Classes Immediate (acute) health hazard


Listed on the United States TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) inventory

RQ (Reportable quantity, section 304 of EPA's List of Lists) :

1000 lb

SARA Section 311/312 Hazard Classes Immediate (acute) health hazard

15.2. International regulations

CANADA


WHMIS Classification Class E - Corrosive Material


Listed on the Canadian DSL (Domestic Sustances List) inventory.

WHMIS Classification Class E - Corrosive Material

EU-Regulations


Classification according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 [CLP]

Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC

Not classified

15.2.2. National regulations


Listed on the Canadian Ingredient Disclosure List

15.3. US State regulations


SECTION 16: Other information

Indication of changes : Revision - See : *.

Other information : None.

Full text of H-phrases: see section 16: ------ Acute Tox. 4 (Dermal) Acute toxicity (dermal), Category 4 ------ Aquatic Acute 3 Hazardous to the aquatic environment — AcuteHazard, Category 3 ------ Eye Dam. 1 Serious eye damage/eye irritation, Category 1 ------ Skin Corr. 1A Skin corrosion/irritation, Category 1A ------ Skin Corr. 1B Skin corrosion/irritation, Category 1B ------ H312 Harmful in contact with skin ------ H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage ------ H318 Causes serious eye damage ------ H402 Harmful to aquatic life NFPA health hazard : 3 - Short exposure could cause serious temporary or

residual injury even though prompt medical attention was given.

NFPA fire hazard : 0 - Materials that will not burn.

NFPA reactivity : 1 - Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or may react with water with some release of energy, but not violently.

10/18/2013 EN (English) 7/8


10/18/2013 EN (English) 8/8

HMIS III Rating

Health : 3 Serious Hazard - Major injury likely unless prompt action is taken and medical treatment isgiven

Flammability : 0 Minimal Hazard

Physical : 1 Slight Hazard

Personal Protection : D

SDS US (GHS HazCom 2012) Information in this SDS is from available published sources and is believed to be accurate. No warranty, express or implied, is made and LabChem Inc assumes no liability resulting from the use of this SDS. The user must determine suitability of this information for his application.

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