STAGE 3 GRAMMAR

What we know

• Each noun belongs to one of 5 groups called “declensions”. In Latin I we have 1st, 2nd and 3rd declensions.

• Nouns also belong to one of 3 genders-masculine, feminine and neuter.

• Nouns have case endings that show how they are used in their sentences. Each declension has a set of case endings.

Case endings• 1st Decl 2nd masc 2nd neuter 3rd

• Nom a us um ?• Gen ae ī ī is• Acc am um um em• Abl ā ō ō e

What we know

• Nominative-subject of the sentence• Genitive-possessive• Accusative-direct object• Ablative-object of the preposition “in”

NEW GRAMMAR-MORE ABOUT PREPOSITIONS

• What are prepositions? – The little words like “in”, “on”, “into”, “onto”,

“from”, “with”, “by” that are followed by a noun or pronoun.

– The noun or pronoun that comes after the preposition is its object.

Prepositional phrases

• Not all prepositional phrases have their objects in the ablative case

• Some have their objects in the accusative case• Prepositions that have the general meaning of

motion toward something have objects in the accusative case

• Prepositions that have the general meaning of staying still, or moving away from something have objects in the ablative case.

“in”

• The preposition “in” in Latin has 4 meanings:• “in”, “on”, “into”, “onto”.• When it means “in” or “on”, the objects is in

the ablative case• When it means “into” or “onto”, the object is

in the accusative case

“in”

• Piscina=fishpond• In piscinā=in the fishpond• In piscinam=into the fishpond• In arcā=in the box• In arcam=into the box• In mēnsā=on the table• In mēnsam=onto the table

Ad, ē/ex

ad piscinam=to the fishpondAd arcam=to the boxĒ piscinā=out of the fishpondEx arcā=out of the box– Ē & ex are the same word. – It works just like a & an in English. – Before a word that begins with a vowel, use ex– Before a word that begins with a consonant, use ē

In arcā

• In arcā

In arcam

Ad arcam

Ex arcā