Stages of the Oral Presentation Process Consider the audience Choose/narrow a topic Research the topic Select support material Organize and outline Develop an effective

introduction and conclusion Rehearse and deliver your

speech

Choose a Topic

Is it important to you? Is it important to your audience? Will it hold the audience’s

attention? Is it manageable in the time

available? 5 – 10 minutes Is it appropriate for oral

presentation? Is it clear?

Generate a Main Idea

Does it have logical divisions?

Can you support it?

A...B...C...Because...

Narrow the Topic

The Divine Wind

Love Across Racial Boundaries

Friendship Lost and Found

Hartley Penrose

Research the Topic Carefully

Take Accurate Notes When Researching

Record Complete Source Citations

Credit Source of Ideas

When in Doubt, Cite Source

Organizational Patterns: Examples of Speech Topics Chronological

– Each of the last four decades had an important impact on the roles for women in the American workplace.

Topical– The advantages to travelling abroad include

experiencing new cultures, visiting interesting places, and meeting people with different ideas.

– Spatial

– Gang violence has increased in small towns and large cities alike.

Organizational Patterns: Examples of Speech Topics

Cause-Effect– Both increased government spending and

decreased tax revenues have resulted in the current budget crisis.

Problem-Solution– When it becomes more convenient for citizens

to get to the polls, voter apathy will decline.

Comparison - Contrast– The stressful situations that employees

encounter at work are both similar to and different from the stressful situations students encounter in college.

Functions of Functions of IntroductionIntroduction

Get the Audience’s Attention

Introduce the Topic

Provide Motivation to Listen

Establish Credibility

Provide Logical Orientation

Provide Overview

Types of Introductions Anecdotal Story

Rhetorical Question

Quotation

Humour

Statement of Purpose

Types of Introductions (cont’d)

Statement of Importance of Topic

Identification with Audience

Reference to Situation

Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic

Types of Introductions Statement of Importance of

Topic

Identification with Audience

Reference to Situation

Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic

Functions of Functions of ConclusionsConclusions

Summarise Speech Re-emphasise Main Idea Motivate Response Provide Closure

Types of ConclusionTypes of Conclusion

Refer to Introduction Personal reference Challenge to Audience Vision of the Future Quotation Anecdotal Story Rhetorical Question Humour

Public Speaking Produces Anxiety in Most People

People’s Biggest Fear

Death Ranks Third Behind Public Speaking and Snakes

Overcoming Speech Anxiety

Acknowledge Your Fear Act Confidently Prepare Carefully and

Well Channel Nervous Energy

Rehearse Your Speech

Simulate the Speech Setting

Practise with Visual Aids

Practise Without Memorizing

Time the Speech

Practise Out Loud

Rehearse Your Speech (cont’d)

Practise Standing Up

Watch Yourself

Practise Gestures

Practise Eye Contact with Audience

Practise Volume, Tone, and Rate

Methods of Delivery

Manuscript Reading

Limited Notes

Memorized

Beginning Your Speech Walk Calmly with

Confidence to Performance Space

Establish Eye Contact

Smile Naturally

Deliver Introduction

During Your Speech

Use Effective Eye Contact

Use Effective Language

Use Effective Gestures

Be Enthusiastic

Be Conversational

Use Notes as Needed

Elements of Vocal Delivery

Speech Rate and Pauses

Volume

Inflection, Pitch, and Tone

Quality of Voice

Pronunciation, Enunciation, and Articulation

Elements of Physical Delivery

Adjust Your Appearance to Fit Your Speaking Situation

Keep Your Posture Natural Match Your Facial Expressions

with Your Message Establish Eye Contact with Your

Entire Audience Use Movement to Guide Your

Audience’s Attention Adapt Your Gestures to Your

Words and Speaking Situation

Ending Your Speech

“Frame” the Speech

Pause Before Returning to Your Seat

Accept Applause Graciously