stalin transforms the ussr. stalin & the economy lenin’s nep was a mixture of capitalism and...
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Stalin Transforms the USSR
Stalin & the Economy
• Lenin’s NEP was a mixture of capitalism and state control.
• Stalin pursued a Command Economy:– An economic system where government makes ALL decisions
• 1928 Stalin started his first 5-year Economic Plan– Outlined steps for rapid economic growth
– Industrial growth– Agricultural growth
Industrial Revolution
• Drastic steps to increase growth & improve National Defense.
• Unrealistic Quotas– Quotas = specific target number each factory had to produce
• Reduced production of consumer goods– Military goods became the focus…
• Shortages emerged in housing, clothing, etc….
Agricultural Revolution
• Seized 25 million privately owned farms
• Established: Collective Farms– Peasants resisted fiercely: – Stalin responded with TERROR– 5-10 million peasants died!
94.5 117.6236.31940
94.0 114.9 241.1 1939
93.3 117.2 242.41938
91.2 116.0 243.71937
82.8 110.5242.2 1936
72.4 104.5 245.4 1935
63.998.6 233.3 1934
58.7 93.6 224.6 1033
49.391.5 211.11932
37.1 79.0211.11931
27.438.185.91930
-4.257.01929
% of collective sown area serviced by MTS
Sown area of collect-ive farms, mill. h/ares
No. of collective farms in 1,000's
Year
94.5 117.6236.31940
94.0 114.9 241.1 1939
93.3 117.2 242.41938
91.2 116.0 243.71937
82.8 110.5242.2 1936
72.4 104.5 245.4 1935
63.998.6 233.3 1934
58.7 93.6 224.6 1033
49.391.5 211.11932
37.1 79.0211.11931
27.438.185.91930
-4.257.01929
% of collective sown area serviced by MTS
Sown area of collect-ive farms, mill. h/ares
No. of collective farms in 1,000's
Year
Primary Source
• Stalin on Industrialization (1928)
Weapons of Totalitarianism
• Police Terror
• Propaganda
• Religious Persecution
Police Terror
• Used tanks & armored cars to crush riots
• Monitored telephone lines, read mail and planted informers….
• Arrested & executed “traitors” of the state
The Gulag
The Soviet system of forced labor camps was first established in 1919, but it was not until the early 1930s that the camp population reached significant numbers
Propaganda
• Promoted the ideas of communism
• Soviet newspaper and radio GLORIFY the achievements of Communism
• censorship was common
Religious Persecution
• Attempted to replace Religion with Communist teachings
• Russian Orthodox Church main target of persecution
• Spread propaganda calling religion “superstitious”