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Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption of quantum energy. 2. emission of high-energy particles results from nuclear changes 3. that matter can be converted to energy during nuclear reactions.

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Page 1: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the

emission or absorption of quantum energy. 2. emission of high-energy particles results from nuclear

changes 3. that matter can be converted to energy during nuclear

reactions.

Page 2: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

2.1

Evaluate quantum energy changes in the atom in terms of the energy

contained in light emissions.

Page 3: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

• A. What is the relationship between wavelength and energy? What would the graph look like?

• Increase - Decrease

Page 4: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Visible light • least Energy and the longest wavelength?• Red• Most Energy and the shortest wavelength?• Violet

Hint:ROYGBIV

Hint:ROYGBIV

Page 5: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

ROY GIV

• Red = lower energy because Roy is a lazy boy

• Violet = higher energy

• Remember energy and wavelength are opposites.

Page 6: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

b. Lab evidence energy, electrons and energy levels?

• What happens to an electron when it is excited?

• It jumps to a higher energy level – absorbing a quanta (amount) of energy.

• What happens when it falls back down to its ground state?

• It emits light of a specific wavelength (color)

Page 7: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

• When elements are heated or electrically excited, they may give a line spectrum.

• They absorb only certain amounts of energy, or quanta. Then energy as the electron falls back down.

Page 8: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Each element has its own set of lines. Analyzing lines from distant stars tell us what elements are present in the star.

Page 9: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

• The reason that the images are lines is that the light from the lamp is focused on a narrow slit. The illustration shows the separation of a light beam into its component colors

Page 10: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Unknown

Page 11: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Flame test

• Works in the same way to identify some elements.

Page 12: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Barium Calcium Sodium RubidiumWhat is the unknown?

Put these in order from lowest to highest Energy.

Page 13: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

2.2

Nuclear Reactions

Changes in the nucleus of an atom result in emission of radioactivity. --

Radioactive means unstable

Page 14: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Can matter be converted to energy?

• Yes but only in nuclear reactions

Page 15: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Fission Reactions

• Fission occurs when atoms split, ex nuclear bombs.

Page 16: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Fusion reactions

• Fusion occurs when atoms combine to form bigger atoms. Ex. hydrogen turns into helium in the sun.

Page 17: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Elements with unstable nucleus will become stable by emitting?

• Particles – The most common are are α, β and γ.

Page 18: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

alpha (helium nucleus) emission:

• U⟶He + Th (stopped by paper)

Page 19: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

beta (electron) emission

• C N + ⟶ e

Page 20: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

gamma emission:

• Tc-m Tc + ⟶ γ (stopped by lead)

Page 21: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Put in order of mass. From least to greatest.

Gama y Beta , Alpha ,

Hint: – Alpha is a Helium, Beta is an electron

Page 22: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Put in order of penetrating power. From least to greatest.

Alpha , Beta , Gama y

Hint: – Alpha is a Helium, Beta is an electron

Page 23: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Put in order of Energy . From least to greatest.

Alpha , Beta , Gama y

Hint: – Alpha is a Helium, Beta is an electron

Same as penetrating power

Page 24: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

2.2.3 Symbol

Actual

Mass

Penetrating Power

Energy

α 4 Little (Paper stops)

Low

β ~0 Medium

Medium

γ 0 High (5 ft concrete)

Very High

Page 25: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

What are the effects of radiation?

Good Bad

Page 26: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Radioactive – the good

• Tracer - To identify and diagnose

• The medicine, iodine 131, is a proven cancer fighter.

• But it's also radioactive, and in higher doses, can cause cancer

Page 27: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

What are the dangers of radiation?

• small doses may burn tissue, disable cell division and the immune system.

Page 28: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Small doses over time may cause cancer and genetic defects.

Page 29: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Large doses• Death from radiation

sickness is often by dehydration because the digestive tract is damaged.

Page 30: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Marie Curie

• Discovered radiation but eventually died from it.

Page 31: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

Turtles exposed to radiation

Page 32: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

What is the difference between nuclear reactions and chemical

reactions?• Nuclear reactions involve changes in the

nucleus.• Chemical reactions involve valence (outer shell

electrons.

Page 33: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

What is the difference between Energy produced in nuclear

reactions and chemical reactions?• Nuclear Reactions produces much higher

amounts of energy

Page 34: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

What is half life?

• The time it takes for half of an unstable element to decay.

• How do we use this?• To determine the age of a substance –

radiometric/ radioactive or carbon dating

Page 35: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

What is the concentration at 200 years?

•

Page 36: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption

• How many years old is this when 20 % of the strontium is left?


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