standard guide for application and evaluation of brush and

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DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD

DUS 1997

First Edition 2018-mm-dd

This Draft Uganda Standard, DUS 1997:2018, is based on ASTM D7073 – 05, Standard Guide for Application and Evaluation of Brush and Roller Applied Paint Films, Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, USA, pursuant to license with ASTM International.

Reference number DUS 1997: 2018

© UNBS 2018

Standard Guide for Application and Evaluation of Brush and Roller Applied Paint Films

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D7073 – 05 DUS 1997: 2018

© UNBS 2018 – All rights reserved ii

Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations

A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application

© UNBS 2018

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written permission from UNBS.

Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to

The Executive Director Uganda National Bureau of Standards P.O. Box 6329 Kampala Uganda Tel: +256 417 333 250/1/2 Fax: + 256 414 286 123 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.unbs.go.ug

mailto:[email protected]

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© UNBS 2018 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword

Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended. UNBS is mandated to co-ordinate the elaboration of standards and is

(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and

(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and

(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).

The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of key stakeholders including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties.

Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.

The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS/TC5/SC2, Paints, Varnishes and related products.

Wherever the words, “ASTM Standard" appear, they should be replaced by "Uganda Standard."

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DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD DUS 1997: 2018

Designation: D6323 – 12 This Draft Uganda Standard, DUS 1997:2018, is based on ASTM D7073 – 05, Standard Guide for Application and Evaluation of Brush and Roller Applied Paint Films, Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, USA, pursuant to license with ASTM International.

© UNBS 2018 – All rights reserved 1

Standard Guide for

Application and Evaluation of Brush and Roller Applied Paint Films1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the

case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change

since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope

1.1 This guide describes procedures for the application of brush or roller, or both, applied paint films to sealed wallboard

for evaluating application properties.

1.2 Because both the application and panel evaluation are subjective, this guide should be used only for comparative testing

within one laboratory using one operator for each set of applications, as the ratings assigned by different laboratories may not

agree.

1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information

only.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability

of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:2

D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products

D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials

D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings

D4707 Test Method for Measuring Paint Spatter Resistance During Roller Application

D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evaluation

D5069 Practice for Preparation of Paint-Roller Covers for Evaluation of Architectural Coatings

D5301 Practice for Physical Characterization of Paint Brushes

D5913 Test Method for Evaluation of Cleanability of Paint Brushes

E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry

2.2 Other Document:

Pictorial Standards of Paint Roller Spatter, shown in the Pictorials Standards of Coating Defects3

1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of

Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.

Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7073 – 05. DOI: 10.1520/D7073-05R12

2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of

ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard's Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350, http://www.coatingstech.org.

http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/COMMITTEE/D01.htm

http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/SUBCOMMIT/D0142.htm

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3. Summary of Guide

3.1 The test paints are applied with either a brush or a roller at an agreed upon spreading rate onto sealed test panels using

both one and two coat applications and after drying, the panels are evaluated for various application properties.

4. Significance and Use

4.1 Laboratory measurement of application properties of architectural coatings generally employ a blade-type applicators

that lay down films of highly uniform thickness. Applicators, such as brushes and rollers, typically apply films that lack

uniformity due to variations in rheology, film build, flow and leveling properties resulting in the practical hiding of most

paints being less than that measured on films applied with a blade-type applicator. This guide provides an indication of the

actual application properties of the paint, as applied by a contractor or consumer.

5. Apparatus

5.1 Container, to hold paint, for example, a quart can.

5.2 Good Quality Paint Brush, 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in.) in width with a chiseled tip.

NOTE 1—The applicator should be aware that a brush can be a mixture having several chemically different filaments or bristles, or both,

in several cross sections, with different thickness and length. Use the same type and make of paint brush for all applications. See Practice

D5301 for guidance.

5.3 Good Quality Paint Roller, typically 75 to 225 mm (3 to 9 in.) in length.

NOTE 2—Rollers constructed from woven fabric with a short nap 4.8 to 6.4 mm (3/16 to 1/4 in.) are used in typical laboratory testing of

interior paints.

NOTE 3—It is critical for proper performance to break-in the brush or roller before application following procedures outlined in Practice

D5068 or D5069. Until a brush or roller cover is broken-in (saturated with paint), only part of the paint loaded onto the applicator can be

transferred to the surface being painted.

5.4 Paint Tray.

5.5 Paint Roller Frame, of the same size as the paint-roller cover being used.

5.6 Balance, to weigh brush to the nearest 0.1 g.

5.7 Weight/Gallon Cup, or any other type of pycnometer suitable for determining paint density to 0.1 lb/gal.

5.8 Spray Gun, any commercially available and typically used to spray paint walls.

6. Materials

6.1 Test Paints.

6.2 Paint-Out Panels, typically laminated fiberboard or upson/universal board a minimum of 610 by 610 mm (24 by 24

in.) or preferably larger, with at least one smooth side. The size and type of test panel to be used will be governed by the

brush/roller size and intended use of the paint. Alternately, a 1220 by 1220 mm (48 by 48 in.) panel of paper-faced gypsum

wallboard can be used.

6.3 Latex-Base Primer, as agreed upon by user or recommended by manufacturer of the paints.

6.4 Masking Tap, Clamps or any Suitable Fastener, to secure the panel to a flat surface.

6.5 Control Paint (optional)—Since there are no standard panels, photographs, or paints for this practice, an agreed-upon

paint of know application properties can be included with the test paints as a control.

7. Sampling and Conditioning

7.1 Sample test paint in accordance with Practice D3925.

7.2 Condition the test paints in accordance with Conditioning and Testing section of Specification D3924.

7.3 All testing should be performed under the same conditions.

8. Panel Preparation

8.1 Apply the latex primer, preferably by spray, to the entire face of a smooth side of the test panel so as to coat it

uniformly at a spreading rate of approximately 11 m2/L (450 ± 25 ft2/gal) or as recommended by the manufacturer. An

alternative method used is to leave between 1/4 or 1/3 of the bottom area of the panel unprimed to evaluate the effects of

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painting over primed and unprimed areas.

NOTE 4—Typically a portion of the primer paint is tinted to a gray color having a reflectance of approximately 30 ± 5 units as measured

with a reflectometer in accordance with Test Method E1347. A white primer can typically be tinted with a water-based universal black

colorant using approximately 2 % by weight of colorant to a quart of the primer. A 3 in. stripe of the tinted primer is applied by roller across

the width of the test panel in the center of the primed area. This is the section that can be used for the visual evaluation of practical or wet

hiding.

8.2 Air dry and examine the panel for uniformity of the primer application. If the appearance of the panel is satisfactory,

proceed with the application of the test paints.

8.3 Mount and secure the primed panel in a vertical position at a convenient height with the length of the panel horizontal

to a surface that is vertical or within 5° of vertical (top sloping away from the operator).

9. Application of Paint Films

9.1 After the brush or roller has been properly broken-in (see Note 3), the test paint may be applied either following the

manufacturer’s recommended spreading rate, or using the same spreading rate for all paints under test or according to

agreement between purchaser and user. A spreading rate of 11.0 m2/L (400 ± 25 ft2/gal) is suggested if there is no other

preference.

NOTE 5—Paints may also be applied freely until the gray stripe on the test panel is visually covered (wet hide). Report the amount of

paint needed to obtain wet hide and the spreading rate to obtain wet hiding as shown below.

9.2 Apply the paint to the entire panel. Note the ease of application of the test paint. Also note any foaming and spattering

of the paint when using a roller. Determine the density of the test paint using a pycnometer (weight per gallon cup) following

procedures outlined in Test Method D1475. After recording the amount of paint applied to the test panel and report the

spreading rate, calculated as follows:

9.3 The test paint is allowed to dry and then a second coat is applied to an area on the right side of the panel, typically

about 1/3 the area of the panel. Before the second coat is dried, typically about 10 min, a 6 in. wide stripe is applied covering 3

in. of the one coat and 3 in. of the two coat areas. This technique is meant to evaluate the lap properties of the paint

encountered when a painter stops painting and then continues. (See Fig. 1.)

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FIG. 1 Test Panel Application

9.4 Allow the panel to dry overnight. Apply the paint, typically by brush, to a 4 square inch area on the two-coat area of the

panel. This technique is meant to evaluate the touch-up properties of the paint, simulating when a painter needs to touch-up an

area that was missed the next day.

9.5 Allow the panel to dry overnight and rate the panel for the following properties, using the rating scale as outlined in the

ASTM Standardized Scoring Scheme (see 9.6):

Ease of Application

Foaming (roller only)

Spatter (roller only) – See Note 7

Practical Hiding (over one coat area)

Leveling

Sheen/Gloss Uniformity – See Note 6

One Coat versus Two Coat Areas

Primed versus Unprimed Areas

Lap Area

Touch-up Area

NOTE 6—Visual evaluations should be conducted with the same light source and preferably at the same viewing angle. View low gloss

finishes at a 5° angle to the plane of the panel (85° to the normal) looking toward a strong light source. View gloss or semi-gloss coatings at

30° to the panel (60° to the normal).

NOTE 7—Typically, paper of convenient size to which the spatter droplets will adhere and of a color to contrast that of the paint under test

is either attached to the roller handle or placed under the application panel as catch paper. The frequency and density of the spatter droplets

are scored using the ASTM Standardized Scoring Scheme. A more quantitative method of evaluating spatter resistance of paints can be

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found in Test Method D4707.

9.6 The above properties are rated in accordance with the ASTM Standardized Scoring Scheme (Note 6) shown below,

where 10 is perfect or no effect and 0 indicates complete failure.

Rating or Score Effect/Change

10 None

8 Trace

6 Slight

4 Moderate

2 Severe

0 Complete Failure

9.7 Before application of another paint, the brush should be properly cleaned following procedures outlined in Test Method

D5913. New unused similar roller covers are preferable for each test.

10. Keywords

10.1 application; paint brush films; paint roller films

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. BRUSH APPLICATION PROPERTIES

X1.1 The choice of applicator used in a laboratory test involving brushouts to evaluate various paint properties such as

leveling or hiding can have a profound effect on the results obtained. Applicators can begin to understand about the probable

performance of a brush by reviewing Practice D5301. Brush performance is affected by the way that the filament tips are

shaped such as flat, dome shaped or chiseled to a tip. Filaments themselves can be tipped or flagged, or both, and level or

tapered. Filaments come in a variety of shapes and compositions. The amount and type of this “finishing” will affect brushout

performance. Always use the highest quality paint brush when performing any laboratory tests.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this

standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of

infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not

revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and

should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the

responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make

your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or

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Certification marking

Products that conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.

The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and testing in accordance with the certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.

Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be obtained from the Director, Uganda National Bureau of Standards.