standard ii objective 1. a. list the major chemicals in cells (i.e. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,...
DESCRIPTION
Atoms Atoms make up matter Structure of an atom Proton (+) Nucleus ( ) Electron (-)TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Standard IIObjective 1
![Page 2: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)
![Page 3: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Atoms
Atoms make up matter Structure of an atom
Proton (+) Nucleus ( ) Electron (-)
![Page 4: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
BrainPOP - Atomic Models
![Page 5: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Elements
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances.
![Page 6: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Radioactive isotopes – changing the number of neutrons can affect the
stability of the nucleus, in some cases causing the nucleus to break apart. Carbon-14 is radioactive and found in all living things. We know the half life
(180,701,003,776 seconds) and are able to calculate the age of objects due to the remaining levels of carbon -14 in the sample.
![Page 7: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
BrainPOP - Isotopes
![Page 8: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Have you ever heard about medical tests that require the use of radioisotopes? Which test? What isotope?
![Page 9: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Compounds
A compound is a pure substance formed when two or more elements combine.
![Page 10: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ionic bonding• Some atoms tend to donate or accept electrons to empty of fill the outer
energy to become stable.• An atom that has lost or gained an electron becomes an ion.
• An ionic bond is when two oppositely charged atoms, or group of atoms, are electrically attracted.
![Page 11: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Animation - Ionic bonding
![Page 12: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Covalent bonding• A covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared• A molecule is a compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds.
![Page 13: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How do the electrons in the covalent bond know which atoms they belong to?
![Page 14: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Electrons are not specific to atoms, they do not “belong” to any particular atom.
All electrons are the same and can be transferred from one atom to another.
![Page 15: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Van der Walls forces
When molecules come close together, the attractive forces between these positive and negative regions pull on the molecules and hold them together.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/staticarchive/1b2169ce03a871e233b8109e07011bb374b9e70d.gif
![Page 16: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Water jar demonstration
![Page 17: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Bond strengths
http://www.kentchemistry.com/images/links/Kinetics/TB08_003.GIF
http://www.adhesives.org/images/default/feica-forcesliz.jpg?sfvrsn=0
![Page 18: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Carbon
http://images.tutorcircle.com/cms/images/44/atomic-structure-of-carbon.png
http://f.tqn.com/y/chemistry/1/W/L/c/1/Carbon_Tile.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/
Carbon_Lewis_Structure_PNG.png
http://www.scientificpsychic.com/fitness/dna0.gif
![Page 19: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hydrogen
http://astro.unl.edu/naap/hydrogen/graphics/bohr_model.png
http://f.tqn.com/y/chemistry/1/L/I/b/1/Hydrogen_Tile.png
http://www.shodor.org/unchem/basic/lewis/LS%20001.png
http://awesomecellmembranegroup.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/p-lipid.gif
![Page 20: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nitrogen
http://www.iq.poquoson.org/6sci/atoms/nitroD.gif
http://sciencenotes.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Nitrogen_Tile.png
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nqaX64TgMLU/UKHSGafUy8I/
AAAAAAAAACM/7VWjHQ1GFLY/s1600/nitrogenlewis.jpg
http://matznerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/amino-acid-table1.gif
![Page 21: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Oxygen
http://quatr.us/chemistry/atoms/pictures/oxygen.jpg
http://sciencenotes.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Oxygen_Tile.png
http://www.thegeoexchange.org/chemistry/bonding/images/Oxygen-
Dot-Structure.jpg
https://room114.wikispaces.com/file/view/MitoResp.jpg/31442693/MitoResp.jpg
![Page 22: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Phosphorus
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_DZbDcIFlgfo/TMJWwVhrfXI/AAAAAAAAABo/YBrr-2_P6uM/s1600/phosphorous-bohr.gif
http://sciencenotes.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Phosphorus_Tile-300x300.png
http://hms2014phosphorus.weebly.com/uploads/
2/8/3/4/28342947/3191774_orig.png
http://www.crossfitktown.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/ATP_chemical_structure.png
![Page 23: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sulfur
http://duch.sd57.bc.ca/~rmcleod/Chemists_Corner/Bohr_Chalco_Ion_files/Sulphur_1.jpg
http://sciencenotes.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Sulfur_Tile.png
http://www.buzzle.com/images/diagrams/sulfur-lewis-structure.jpg
http://know-facts.com/wpimages/amino-acids-with-sulfur.png
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ikNp-7qClYw/T6C7o-AAinI/AAAAAAAAAIo/vwK_NLBcibA/
s1600/disulfide_bond_formation.gif
http://www.bio.miami.edu/tom/courses/protected/ECB/CH05/5_22.jpg
![Page 24: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Other trace elementsTrace elements are present at low levels in organisms and make up just 0.5% of living cells.
However, living things would not be able to survive without trace elements. Trace elements include iron, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, silicon, tin,
vanadium, boron, chromium, cobalt, copper and fluorine. Iron is found in red blood cells and helps to carry oxygen in the blood stream. Iodine is important for making different forms of thyroid hormone, which regulates
growth and energy levels in humans.
Many of the trace elements are required by enzymes in order to make chemical reactions happen.
![Page 25: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Take away
1. C, H, N, O, P, S, are the major elements found in living things.
![Page 26: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Honors curriculum
1. Basic bonding behavior (ionic, covalent, hydrogen) and their relative strengths.
![Page 27: Standard II Objective 1. A. List the major chemicals in cells (i.e. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and other trace elements)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062412/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979c71/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
On a separate piece of paper answer the following questions;
1. Sodium has 11 protons and 11 neutrons in its nucleus. Draw a sodium atom. Be sure to label the particles.
2. Explain why carbon monoxide (CO) is or is not an atom.3. Are all compounds molecules? Why or why not?4. Compare van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and covalent bonds.5. Explain how the number of electrons in an energy level affects bond formation.6. Name four important biogeochemical processes that cycle nutrients.7. Beryllium has four protons in its nucleus. How many neutrons are in beryllium-9?
Explain how you calculated your answer.8. Describe how phosphorus moves through biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem.