standard model of open computing - anj 19aug15 · 2017-12-14 · towards a standard model of open...

© 2015 IBM Corporation 1

Towards a Standard Model of Open Computing LinuxCon North America - August 19th, 2015 Adam Jollans, Cross-IBM Linux and Open Virtualization Strategy, IBM

© 2015 IBM Corporation


Fundamental Components of Matter

• Molecules

• Atoms

• Electrons and Nucleus

• Protons and Neutrons

• Quarks

Ø Standard Model of Particle Physics

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Fundamental Components of Open Computing ?

• Stacks • eg LAMP, Linux Distributions

• Foundations • eg Apache Foundation

• Projects • eg Hadoop

• Sub-projects • eg OpenStack Nova

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Creation

•  Innovation •  Individual • Small group • University •  IT Vendor • Customer

• Existing Community • Starting new project or subproject • Splitting of project

• Open sourcing of existing code • Contribution to open source community

4


Forces

• Same Project • eg Linux

• Same Community • eg Apache, Eclipse

• Default Usage • eg LAMP Stack

• Open Source

5


Decay

• Forking • eg MySQL => MariaDB

• Acquisition • eg Xen => Citrix

• Change of Leadership • eg resignation of “Benevolent Dictator for Life”

• Technology Shifts • eg Symbian => Android

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Exclusion Principle

• Can multiple projects occupy the same niche ? • Gnome & KDE • MySQL & MariaDB • OpenStack & CloudStack

•  Industry Forces • Concurrent Innovations • Forking • Critical mass of Community • Ecosystem support

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“Quantum” Numbers

• Size of Community • Developers • Corporate Members

• Openness • 0 – single organization controlling • ½ - open community with multiple contributors • 1 – foundation with open governance

• Spin • 0 – no marketing • ½ - single vendor marketing • 1 – open marketing community

• Market Adoption • Downloads • Usage

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XtraLarge Projects and Open Communities

• 2010 study by Henrik Ingo into popular open source projects, comparing governance models vs size of community

• 9 projects (Linux, KDE, Apache, Eclipse, Perl+CPAN, Mozilla+Addons, Gnome, Drupal and GNU) stood out as significantly larger - roughly 10 times - than any others

• All of these projects, categorized as "XtraLarge", were developed as collaborative community projects governed by non-profit foundations

• There appears to be a glass ceiling limiting the growth of the Large single-vendor projects (MySQL, Qt, OpenOffice, Mono, JBoss)

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Henrik Ingo - http://openlife.cc/blogs/2010/november/how-grow-your-open-source-project-10x-and-revenues-5x


The LAMP Stack

• Popular solution stack for dynamic web applications

• Built out of fundamental components • Linux • Apache HTTP server • MySQL Database • PHP / Python / Perl Scripting language

• All open source building blocks • Various forces linking components together

• Components are interchangeable • Python, Perl, MariaDB,…

• Evolved rather than designed

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Linux

1

1

249 members

MySQL

0

½

? developers

Perl

½

½

17 members

Python

½

½

17 members

PHP

½

½

17 members

Apache

½

½

114 committers

Apache


Linux Kernel

• Operating System Kernel

• Active Development Contributions • Over 3,500 individual developers • Over 200 companies

• Linux Foundation • Board of Directors • 249 Corporate Members • Professional Team • Marketing Activities - events, publications, blogs •  Independent Technical Leadership

• Fellows

• Market Adoption • 51.6% market share – new physical servers

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Linux

1

1

3597 contributors

“Linux Kernel Development - How Fast is it Going, Who is Doing It, What Are They Doing and Who is Sponsoring the Work” – Linux Foundation


Apache HTTP Server

• Web Server

• Development Contributions • 8 original core contributors • Today - contributors, committers, PMC

• Apache Software Foundation • Board of Directors • Volunteer Leadership • Consensus, collaborative approach • Events subcontracted to Linux Foundation •  Independent Technical Leadership

• Project Management Committees

• Market Adoption • 37.5% cumulative market share – 327 million servers

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“August 2015 Web Server Survey” – Netcraft - http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/

Apache

1

1

31 contributors


MySQL

• Relational Database

• Development Contributions • Originally developed by MySQL AB

• Ownership • Copyright held by vendor • Dual licensing – GPL and proprietary • MySQL AB acquired by Sun • Sun acquired by Oracle • MySQL 5.5 forked into MariaDB (GPL only)

• Market Adoption • Second most popular relational database

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“DB-Engines Ranking” - http://db-engines.com/en/ranking

MySQL

0

½

? contributors


Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects

• Goal: to spread the collaborative DNA of Linux to new fields to enable innovation and access for all.

• Criteria: that must be met in order for the Linux Foundation to host a Collaborative Project:

1. The use of open source governance best practices including license and contribution agreement choices in keeping with the ideals of Linux

2. The project must have the potential to fuel innovation in an industry through collaborative software development

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Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects - http://collabprojects.linuxfoundation.org


Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects

15 Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects - http://collabprojects.linuxfoundation.org

Framework for Platform-as-a-Service

Open Virtualization built on Linux

Server-side Runtime Environment

Software Defined Networking

Open Virtualization Hypervisor


Apache Foundation Projects

16 Apache Projects Directory - https://projects.apache.org/projects.html?number

Framework for Big Data processing

Framework for IaaS Cloud computing

Document-oriented NoSQL database

Cluster computing framework


Black Duck Open Hub

17 Black Duck Open Hub - https://www.openhub.net


IBM LinuxOne Open Source Components

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Distributions Hypervisors Languages Runtimes Management Database Analytics

LINUX YOUR WAY


Hot Projects

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Framework for IaaS Cloud computing

Tools for packaging and deploying applications in containers

Relational database, forked from MySQL

Document-oriented NoSQL database

Configuration management tools

Open Compute Project – sharing designs of data center projects

Open Hardware

Distributed NoSQL database

Orchestration for Docker containers


OpenStack

• Software for IaaS Clouds

• Active Development Contributions • Over 2,000 individual developers • Over 500 companies

• OpenStack Foundation • Board of Directors • Technical Committee • User Committee • 25 Corporate Members • 117 Corporate Sponsors • 393 Supporting Organizations • Professional Team • Marketing Activities - events, publications, blogs

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OpenStack

1

1

2157 contributors


OpenPOWER

• Open Technical Community based on the POWER architecture • Chip Design • System Design • Open Source Software

• OpenPOWER Foundation • Board of Directors • Technical Steering Committee • Work Groups • Marketing Committee • Advisory Group • 140 Corporate and Academic Members and Associates

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OpenPOWER

1

1

140 members


Layers for an Open Computing Model

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Management Programming Database App Server OS Hardware


Strawman Open Computing Model

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PostgreSQL

½

½

20 contribs

OCP

1

1

? members

Management Programming Database App Server OS Hardware

OpenPower

1

1

140 members

Linux

1

1

3597 contribs

Docker

½

½

627 contribs

OpenDaylight

1

1

364 contribs

JBoss

½

½

126 contribs

node.JS

1

1

120 contribs

Hadoop

1

1

86 contribs

Spark

1

1

587 contribs

Eclipse

1

1

126 contribs

Apache

1

1

31 contribs

Apache

CloudStack

1

1

139 contribs

OpenStack

1

1

2157 contribs

OpenStack OpenShift

½

½

147 contribs

CloudFoundry

1

1

950 contribs

Puppet

½

½

147 contribs

Chef

½

½

139 contribs

Cassandra

1

1

109 contribs

MongoDB

½

½

115 contribs

Xen

1

1

120 contribs

KVM

1

1

357 contribs

Kubernetes

½

½

457 contribs

Perl

1

1

85 contribs

Python

1

1

52 contribs

PHP

½

½

210 contribs

MariaDB

½

½

66 members

MySQL

0

½

? contribs


Future Directions

• Rise of Open Foundations • Best practice governance • Avoids decay or single vendor lock-in

• Architectural considerations • Currently mainly point-to-point • Multi-directional within Foundations

• Gaps • Open x86 hardware • Business applications

• Further work • Refining “quantum numbers”

• Feedback invited • Are the layers correct, what projects are missing ? • [email protected]

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standard model of open computing - anj 19aug15 · 2017-12-14 · towards a standard model of open...

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