standard plank for wood lamination on khaya ivorensis
TRANSCRIPT
STANDARD PLANK FOR WOOD LAMINATION ON
KHAYA IVORENSISIZZAH AZIMAH BINTI NOH
AS2476A
STANDARD PLANK
• A standard of machining practices for the surface quality of plank.
• Influences of machining process for the plank or sawn timber.
(Sources from T.Adam, 1975)
MACHINING PRACTICESPLANE
• Reduce the thickness• Trim or remove irregular
surface• Straighten the plank
RIP
• Straight cut into parallel grain direction
• Trim excess wood
(Sources from Wagner, 1974)
• Khaya ivorensis • Known as Lagos wood is one of the
type of Mahogany species. • 580-690 kg/m3 with moderately
durable• Pinkish for the pith and heartwood
light pink to dark brown to reddish colour.
• Interlocked grain • Lustre or sheen
(Sources: Lincoln 1989, Noor 1990, Vazquez 2003)
WOOD SPECIES
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Increasing in consumption of timber
• Time management on producing wood material for manufacturing process.
• Wood waste handling problem
OBJECTIVES
• To investigate the suitability of machining practice such as plane and rip on Khaya wood for lamination.
• To identify the mechanical properties of Khaya wood.
SCOPE & LIMITATION OF STUDY
SCOPE
• Machining practices
• Lamination process
LIMITATION
• Material handling
• The characteristic of Khaya wood
• Limited source of references
SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY
System
• Sanding (S1)• Without sanding (S2)
Lamination
• Plane and plane (P1)• Rip and rip (P2)• Plane and rip (P3)
METHODOLOGY
FLOWCHART
Raw material
preparation
Planing and
ripping
Sanding and
without sanding
Glue spreading
Clamping TrimmingPreparation sample
testTesting
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
IN HOUSE METHOD TESTING
STATIC BENDING• REFERENCE STANDARD: BS
373: 2008
• SIZE: (40 ×40×410) mm
• SPAN: 360 mm
• SPEED: 10mm/min
COMPRESSION SHEAR
• REFERENCE STANDARD: BS 373: 1957
• SIZE: : (40 ×40×40) mm
• SPEED: 10mm/min
DELAMINATION TEST
• REFERENCE STANDARD: JAS 1751 2008
• SIZE: (40 ×40×75) mm
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
DENSITY, (MOR AND MOE) AND COMPRESSION SHEAR OF 3 TYPE OF LAMINATION AND 2 TYPE OF
SYSTEM
Note: Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)
Lamination process Density(ρ) MOR MOE Compression
shearP1 (S1) 561.35 58.37 5354.85 4.596P2 (S2) 511.98 67.25 5725 7.34P2 (S1) 627.52 58.49 6233.12 2.961P2 (S2) 491.81 47.24 4590.02 4.51P3 (S1) 605.69 45.47 5785.95 2.834P3 (S2) 540.5 59.32 5696.67 5.54
SOV OF ANOVA
Standard of Variance (SOV)
Degree of freedom
(Df)
MOR MOE Compression shear
System 1 1.298ns 3.571ns 154.227**
Lamination 2 4.099* 0.638ns 47.33**
System and lamination 1 5.32* 6.426* 4.832*
Note: ns for not significant (p>0.05), * for significant (p<0.05), ** for highly significant (p<0.01)
Result of MOR on lamination process for the sanding (S1) and without
sanding system (S2)
P1 P2 P30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
58.375 58.4983
45.4717
67.2567
47.24
59.32
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
S1 S2
Result of MOE for lamination process with
sanding and without sanding system
P1 P2 P30
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
5354.8467
6233.12335785.955
5724.995
4590.0183
5696.6767
Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)
S1 S2
Result of compression shear on lamination
process for sanding and without sanding system
P1 P2 P30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4.4817
3.0163 2.8317
7.1842
4.4953
5.5183
Compression shear
S1 S2
Effect of the delamination of the
system and lamination process
P1 P2 P390.00%
91.00%
92.00%
93.00%
94.00%
95.00%
96.00%
97.00%
98.00%
99.00%
98.15%
94.53%
95.80%
93.50%
94.50%
95.00%
Delamination
S1 S2
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Standard plank for
wood lamination on
Khaya ivorensis
System (S1 and S2) for
surface roughness
are vice versa
Plane and plane (P1)
consider as the best machining
practices for wood
lamination
Recommendation
Grit number of abrasive
Type of abrasive
paper
Jointing and
lamination
Glue spreadi
ng
REFERENCES• T.Adams, J., & Stieri, E. (1975). The Complete Workworking Handbook. New York: Arco Publishing
Company, Inc.• Wagner, W. H. (1974). Modern Woodworking. South Holland, Illinos: THE GOODHEART- WILLCOX
COMPANY, INC.• Vazquez-Cooz, I. A. (2003). Fundamental study on the development of fuzzy grain and its relationship to
tension wood. (3084761 Ph.D.), State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Ann Arbor. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/docview/305294914?accountid=42518 ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database.
• Noor, H. M. (1990). Prestasi dan Potensi Khaya Ivorensis di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kepong: Forest Research Institute Malaysia.
• Milner, H. R. (2009). 8 - Sustainability of engineered wood products in construction. In J. M. Khatib (Ed.), Sustainability of Construction Materials (pp. 184-212): Woodhead Publishing.
• Lincoln, W. A. (1986). World Woods in Color. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.