standards for smart learning environments

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Standards for Smart Learning Environments towards a development framework Tore Hoel Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences Norway Lecture at Beijing Normal University 2016-11-21

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Page 1: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Standards for Smart Learning Environments – 

towards a development framework

Tore HoelOslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences

Norway

Lecture at Beijing Normal University2016-11-21

Page 2: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Who is this guy?

Standards

Open EducationalResources (OER)

ICT in education

EU & Nordicprojects

Learning Analytics

Interoperability Communication &Information Management

Page 3: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

愚笨教育现象比比皆是

Page 4: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Understanding Smart• To define Smart Learning as the counterpoint to Stupid

Learning is not so smart!• A is, what B is not: Mathematically, this gives an indefinite

space of A – you will never be able to know what the boundaries of A are

• We have the same problem defining Scope when developing standards!

Smart StupidSmart

Page 5: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Grounding new theories

• Flat vs Deep• Associative vs Grounded• 2D vs 3D

Page 6: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Smart should be grounded…

So should also our standards work!

What is the implied theoretical and empirical model behind

Smart Learning Environments?

What theoretical and empirical model of learning technologies

should inform LET standardisation?

Page 7: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Smart as in the Journal

Launched in 2014

The aim of the journal is to help various stakeholders of smart learning environments better

understand each other's role in the overall process of education and

how they may support each other.

Page 8: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Conceptualizing the field

• Zhi-Ting Zhu• Jonathan Michael

Spector• Gwo-Jen Hwang• Rob Koper

Page 9: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Zhu Zhi-Ting

• For learners: Smart refers to wisdom and intelligence

• Ability to think quickly and cleverly

• For educational environment, ‘smart’ refers to engaging, intelligent and scalable.

• Collective intelligence

Page 10: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

The essence of smarter education is to construct technology-infused environments and create finer ecology of pedagogies, so that higher achievements of teaching, better experiences of learning and personalized learning services could be enabled, and thus talents of wisdom who have better value orientation, higher thinking quality, stronger doing ability and deeper potentiality of creating could be fostered. ( Zhu Zhiting, 2012)

智慧教育的初步定义A preliminary definition of Smarter Education as proposed

( 1949-20?? )

Page 11: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Zhu: 10 key features of SLE• Location-Aware• Context-Aware• Socially Aware• Interoperability• Seamless Connection• Adaptability• Ubiquitous• Whole Record• Natural Interaction• High Engagement

Page 12: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Mike Spector

• Necessary characteristics

• In a general sense, a smart learning environment is one that is effective, efficient and engaging

Page 13: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Hwang Gwo-Jen

• Minimally, a SLE should be• context-aware• adaptive• personalized

Page 14: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Rob Koper• Smart learning environments

(SLEs) are physical environments that are enriched with digital, context-aware and adaptive devices, to promote better and faster learning.

• Human Learning Interface: set of interaction mechanisms that humans expose to the outside world, and that can be used to control, stimulate and facilitate their learning processes.

Page 15: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Educational Modelling Language• Based on a

Pedagogical meta model

• empirist (behaviourist)

• rationalist (cognitivist and contructivist)

• pragmatist-sociohistoric (situationalist)

EML Unit of Study model (Koper & Manderveld 2004).

Where Koper is

coming from

Page 16: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Koper: 5 Human Learning Interfaces

• Cognition: Representations!

What behaviours and learning processes can be represented?

Page 17: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Koper: Conditions for effective SLEs

• Digital devices added to physical world

• Support for core HLIs: identification, socialisation and creation

• Support for meta HLI: practice and reflection

• Adaption based on location, context, preferences, physical & mental condition, culture

• Intervention: questions, tasks, information, resources, conditioning

• Specify and communicate learning objectives

• No friction

Page 18: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

SLEs are physical environments that are improved to promote better and faster learning by enriching the environment with context-aware and adaptive digital devices that, together with the existing constituents of the physical environment, provide the situations, events, interventions and observations needed to stimulate a person to learn to know and deal with situations (identification), to socialize with the group, to create artefacts, and to practice and reflect.

Koper: Definition of Smart LE

Page 19: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Testing the framework

Page 20: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

SLE framework

(Koper 2014)

Page 21: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Where do Zhu, Spector, Hwang requirements fit?

• Location-Aware

• Context-Aware

• Socially Aware

• Interoperability

• Seamless Connection

• Adaptability

• Ubiquitous

• Whole Record

• Natural Interaction

• High Engagement

• Scalable

• Flexible

• Personalized

• Conversational

• Reflective

• Innovative

Page 22: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

What about Learning Cell (Yu Shengquan)?

«Learning cell will be adapted to ubiquitous learning and informal learning environment, and has some basic characteristics including • utilizing collective wisdom, • sustaining evolvement, • generative information sharing, • distributed runtime resource

sharing, • social network sharing, • intelligent resources, etc.»

Page 23: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Developing standardsfor SLEs

Page 24: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

The standard setting experts of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC36

Page 25: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

SC36 structure today• WG 1Vocabulary • WG 2Collaborative and

intelligent technology • WG 3Learner information • WG 4Management and

delivery • WG 5Quality assurance and

descriptive frameworks

• WG 6Platform, Services, and Specification Integration

• WG 7ITLET - Culture, language and individual needs

• WG 8Learning Analytics Interoperability

Page 26: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC36

SC36 has published metadata standards, mainly related to description of learning content and content delivery systems, competency structures, quality metrics, and accessibility.

Page 27: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

New work items in SC36• Digital Badges• Smart Learning Environment – “Smart Classroom”• Environments and resources for augmented reality and virtual reality

• MOOCS• Study group on a higher level within ISO on blockchain (electronic distributed ledger) technologies

• A working group wanted input on “collaborative learning communication with social media”

• Work on privacy and data protection in the context of learning analytics

Page 28: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Should SC36 be restructured

according to a Smart Learning

Environment Framework?

Page 29: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Pro• SLE is the most modern and

most general framework being discussed

• Comprehensive, extensive• Could be robust - if done right• Change working process to

include the whole committee – work more across work groups

• Too fuzzy, the boundaries are unclear

• People issues• Existing projects must go on• Legacy work on published

standards

Con

Page 30: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

How would standards

development according to Koper’s SLE

framework look like?

Page 31: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Physical Environments

• CCNU project on developing metrics for describing Learning Space

Page 32: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Situations and Events

• Curricula standards• Competency frameworks• Vocabulary for contexts (LA

activity specifications - xAPI)• Nomadicity and Mobile Learning

Page 33: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Interventions• What types of interventions?

• Question management• Task management• Provisioning of learning resources• Conditioning of learning environment

• What digital support for pedagogical interventions?

Page 34: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Digital Devices

• Learning Technology Architecture • Types of devices• MOOCs• Augmented and virtual reality tools

Page 35: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Observations• All aspects of learning analytics

• Metics• Activity stream formats• Collection• Storing• Analysing

• Assessments and tests

Page 36: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Context-Awareness

• Need for vocabularies describing contexts

Page 37: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Adaptiveness

• Support for setting up learning instances based on observations

Page 38: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Identification

• Competency descriptions• Learning targets• Tasks• Problem descriptions

Page 39: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Socialization

• Social learning support• Peer learning• Group learning• Role Negotiation

Page 40: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Creation

• Support for all types of externalisation of learning activities

Page 41: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Practice• Storage and retrieval• Performance targets• Self-monitoring systems• Drill & practice• Serious games

Page 42: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Reflection

• Create and present representations of representations

Page 43: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

And how should it be tested?• vocabulary• collaborative

tech• intelligent

technology• learner

information• managemen

t & delivery• quality• service

integration• accessibility • analytics

• wisdom• quick

thinking• clever• engaging• at scale• Location-

Aware• Context-

Aware• Socially

Aware• Interoperabil

ity

• Seamless Connection

• Adaptability• Ubiquitous• Whole

Record• Natural

Interaction• High

Engagement• personalised• adaptive• conversation

al

• reflective• innovative• learning

status• evaluation• content• support• knowledge

base• tests• portfolios

Page 44: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

Conclusions• Smart learning, smart education, smart learning

environments, etc. need to be grounded in a verified theory• We need a coherent framework model of Smart Learning

Environment• When a new element is identified and being run through the

model you see where it fits, and if not, where the model needs to be fixed

• A Smart Learning Environment Framework could be a model for structuring learning technology standardisation – needs further exploration

Page 45: Standards for Smart Learning Environments

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