standby power systems for hospitals
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Standby Power Systems for Hospitals: The Debate: Is Paralleling Generators a Good Idea?
![Page 2: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Webcast AnnouncementsTechnical problems?
• Click on the HELP button
• Send a question from the Question window
Slides:
• Click “Enlarge slides” button to view expanded window and slides should change automatically
• Click on “Download slides” for PDF of all slides
AIA-certified continuing education credits or PDHs:
• Take 10-question exam
• Get 8 answers right to pass
• Hardcopy certificate mailed within 30 days
Archive:
• Within 7 days, an archive with Q&A will be posted
• We will send an email to registered attendees with link
• Can also view from www.csemag.com home page
![Page 3: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Power Control Systems for Mission Critical Facilities
![Page 4: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Control Systems for Onsite
Power Generation and Distribution
![Page 5: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Custom Designed and Built
to Your Specific Requirements
![Page 6: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Industry’s Most Responsive
Factory-Direct Field Service
![Page 7: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Standby Power Systems for Hospitals: The Debate: Is Paralleling Generators a Good Idea?
Tom Divine, PE, Project
Manager and Electrical
Engineer, Smith Seckman
Reid, Inc. (SSR), Houston.
Today’s Presenters:
Michael Ivanovich,
Editor-in-Chief & Moderator,
Consulting-Specifying Engineer
Kenneth Lovorn, PE,
President and Chief Engineer,
Lovorn Engineering
Associates, Pittsburgh.
![Page 8: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Paralleling Generators –
A Good Idea?
May 14, 2009
Tom Divine
![Page 9: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Answer
Yes, it’s a good idea.
Paralleled systems have:
• more reliability,
• more flexibility, and
• better performance
than single-generator systems
![Page 10: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Overview
Anatomy of a Generator Paralleling Scheme (simplified)
• Single Generator
• Requirements for Paralleling
• Multiple Generators
• Additional Functions
Costs
Advantages of Paralleled vs. Single Generators
![Page 11: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Single Generator
Controls required:
• Engine Controller (EC)
– Starts and stops the engine
– Protects engine from damage
– Provides alarms and engine status
• Governor (GOV)
– Controls engine speed
• Voltage Regulator (VR)
– Controls alternator excitation
EC
GOV
VR G
EN
G
BKR
LOAD
ENG – Engine
G - Generator
![Page 12: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Single Generator - Disadvantages
Engine/generator failure: critical load is at risk
Generator will require scheduled maintenance
• Load is at risk, or
• Temporary unit required
G G
LOAD LOAD
- ON
- OFF
![Page 13: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Solution – Paralleled Generators
Operate multiple, smaller generators on a common bus
• Maintains service when some, but not all, units fail
• AC generators don’t intrinsically operate in parallel
– Fairly sophisticated controls required for parallel operation
• To initiate
• To maintain
G GG G
![Page 14: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Requirements for Paralleling
Four requirements for paralleling:
Equal
Frequencies
Equal Phase
Angles
Equal
Voltages
Same Phase
Rotation
Controlled by paralleling system in real time
Go / No Go:
Monitored only
![Page 15: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Multiple Generators (simplified)
Synchronization sequence:
• All units start
• Master Controller allows first
unit at voltage and frequency
to close
• Other units locked out until
they match in
– phase angle
– voltage, and
– frequency
After synchronization:
• Load Sharing Controller
adjusts setpoints to control
KW and kVAR flows
EC
GOV
VR G
EN
G
BKR
LOAD
MC – Master Controller
LS – Load Sharing Controller
SYNC – Synchronizer
EC
GOV
VR G
EN
G
BKR
LS
MC
SYNC SYNC
![Page 16: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Reliability
System tolerates loss of a single unit
• With N+1 generators, load is served
when one generator fails
• Ability to selectively shed load
allows system to continue to serve
critical loads if more than one unit
fails
G G
LOAD
![Page 17: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Additional Functions
Load Shed / Load Restore
• Disconnects loads if overload is imminent
• Responds to loss of generator
• Restores loads as conditions improve
TO LOAD CONTROL
EQUIPMENT – ATS’s,
DISTRIBUTION
G
MC
G
LOAD
![Page 18: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Additional Functions
Load Demand
• Shuts down unneeded generators
• Generators run more efficiently
– extending available runtime,
– without wet-stacking at low load
• Restarts units as needed
G
MC
G
LOAD
![Page 19: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Design Considerations
Generator Sizing:
• Minimum size generally driven by performance requirements
– Life Safety and Critical branches on within ten seconds
– Minimum size is the projected peak load on these two branches
• N+1 generators required for reliable service to low-priority loads
– Otherwise, reliability for low-priority loads is actually decreased.
• Provision for load growth must be made at installation
![Page 20: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Costs
Wide variation in cost of paralleling equipment with:
• Size and number of generators
• Generator voltage
• Required functions
• Level of customization required to meet specifications
• Amount and type of distribution
Range: about $20K - $110K per generator, excluding distribution
• Source: Informal survey of vendors.
Other costs:
• Space requirements
• System complexity requires highly skilled technicians
![Page 21: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Hardware
Paralleling gear will typically contain:
• A Master Control cabinet
• Multiple Generator Control cabinets
• Distribution cabinets
Alternatives to discrete controls:
• Unitized controllers,
• Distributed controls,
– with control unit and circuit breaker packaged with generator
![Page 22: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Advantages
Flexibility
• Generator Sizing
– Design to cost or operational targets
– Lower maintenance for smaller units
• Operation
– Wide load range without under-loading units
![Page 23: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
More Advantages
Reliability
• Serves all loads under single-unit failure
• Serves critical loads under multiple-unit failure
Ease of expansion
• Generators can be added as load increases
– If addressed in initial design
Maintenance
• Single generator can be taken out of service in N+1 system
![Page 24: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
And More Advantages
Performance
• Paralleled system is stiffer than multiple single-unit systems
Mature technology
• Large installed base
• Issues are thoroughly tested and well-understood
![Page 25: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
2727
Eaton’s Electrical Group
With 2008 net sales of $15.4 billion, Eaton is recognized
around the world for power quality and innovation
Powerware power quality and reliability products
Cutler-Hammer power distribution and control equipment
![Page 26: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
2828
Cutler-Hammer® Safety
Switch Quick Connect
Cutler-Hammer Roll-Up
Generator Termination BoxCutler-Hammer Switchboard
Quick Connect Systems
Portable Generator Connection Solutions
![Page 27: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
2929
Caterpillar Paralleling
Switchgear*
Cutler-Hammer Automatic
Transfer Switches
*Eaton, through a joint venture relationship with Caterpillar Corporation, offers Caterpillar
Switchgear with PowerLynx Control Technology
Permanent Generator Connection Solutions
![Page 28: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
3030
• MRI, CT, X-ray, PET
• Ultrasound, Mammography
• Trauma Centers
• Cath Labs
• Special and Clinical Labs
• Blood Analyzers
Protecting Diagnostic Imaging: UPS
Power problems cause sensitive electronics to fail resulting
in unplanned downtime, system lock-ups, and expensive
maintenance costs.
UPS for:
![Page 29: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
3131
Protecting IT Systems: UPS
• Pharmacy
• Clinical Labs
• PACS / RIS
• Computerized Physician Order Entry
• Nurses Stations
• Patient Monitoring Systems
• Patient Records
Hospital IT systems are now mission critical. Power
problems cause data loss and equipment failures.
UPS for:
![Page 30: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3232
Dedicated Consultant Site
www.eaton.com/consultant
• Order free copy of Eaton’s
Consultant Application Guide
• Sign up for Eaton’s
Consultant Newsletter
• Check out our Lunch &
Learn portal
• Product & service information
• And more!
![Page 31: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Kenneth L. Lovorn, President & Chief Engineer
Lovorn Engineering Associates, LLC
May 14, 2009
![Page 32: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Hospital Emergency Power
• Dump expensive paralleling equipment
• Design for generator back-up
• Load shedding of Priority 3 equipment
• Concentrate funding on generator sets
![Page 33: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Advantages
Lower construction costs
Elimination of the paralleling cabinet
Less total area required
Equivalent or better reliability
Design to serve initial load
Ease of expansion as load grows
More difficult to implement
Requires switches in series
Disadvantages
![Page 34: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Dumping the Paralleling Equipment
Basic paralleling system is sophisticated
Paralleling cabinet fails, system fails
![Page 35: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Generators and Transfer Switches
Multiple generators without paralleling
Unequal generator sizing
![Page 36: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Inherit Priority 3 Load Shedding
Additional load transfer switch
Priority 3 loads and transfer switches
![Page 37: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Real-World ApplicationExisting Hospital 800 kW generator
Expansion of 400 kW emergency capacity
Paralleling system parameters
Add two 800 kW generators
Add a paralleling line-up
Implement a Priority 3 load shedding scheme
![Page 38: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Real-World Application (con’t)
Multiple generator-transfer switch system Add one 1500 kW generator Add emergency-only distribution panel Priority 1 and 2 loads to 800 kW generator Serve all Priority 3 from 1500 kW generator Second transfer switches for Priority 1 and 2 loads If the 1500 kW generator fails, Priority 3 loads off Savings - $500,000+
![Page 39: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Real-World Application (con’t)
Electrical Single Lines – Paralleling System
![Page 40: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Real-World Application (con’t)
Electrical Single Lines – Generator/Transfer Switch System
![Page 41: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The right way to parallel engine-generators
ASCO Series 7000
Engine-Generator Paralleling
Control Switchgear
![Page 42: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Custom Engineered
• Hospitals
• Business-critical
facilities
• Commercial
buildings
• Industrial
complexes
![Page 43: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Digital Control
• Synchronizes, manages and parallels
• Load management, bus optimization
• Sophisticated communications
capabilities
• Power system monitoring
and protection
![Page 44: Standby power systems for hospitals](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020410/588103d21a28ab22368b49df/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• Design and development
engineering
• Expert product
and project managers
• Knowledgeable
applications engineers
• Skilled sales force
• Best-in-the-industry
commissioning and
field service
Deep Resources