start of the end
TRANSCRIPT
Board of advisers
6 Sc i e nt i f ic A m e ric A n Septem ber 2010
LesLie C. AieLLoPresident, Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research
RogeR BinghAmProfessor, Center for Brain and Cognition, University of California, San Diego
g. steven BuRRiLLCEO, Burrill & Company
ARthuR CApLAnEmanuel and Robert Hart Professor of Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania
geoRge m. ChuRChDirector, Center for Computational Genetics, Harvard Medical School
RitA CoLweLL Distinguished Professor, University of Maryland College Park and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
DRew enDyProfessor of Bioengineering, Stanford University
eD FeLten Director, Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University
miChAeL s. gAzzAnigADirector, Sage Center for the Study of Mind, University of California, Santa Barbara
DAviD gRoss Frederick W. Gluck Professor of Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara (Nobel Prize in Physics, 2004)
Lene vesteRgAARD hAu Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and of Applied Physics, Harvard University
DAnny hiLLis Co-chairman, Applied Minds
DAnieL m. KAmmenDirector, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley
vinoD KhosLAFounder, Khosla Ventures
ChRistoF KoChLois and Victor Troendle Professor of Cognitive and Behavioral Biology, Caltech
LAwRenCe m. KRAussDirector, Origins Initiative, Arizona State University
moRten L. KRingeLBAChDirector, Hedonia: TrygFonden Research Group, University of Oxford and University of Aarhus
steven KyLeProfessor of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University
RoBeRt s. LAngeRDavid H. Koch Institute Professor, M.I.T.
LAwRenCe LessigProfessor, Harvard Law School
eRnest j. monizCecil and Ida Green Distinguished Professor. M.I.T.
john p. mooReProfessor of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell Universitym. gRAngeR moRgAnProfessor and Head of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University
migueL niCoLeLisCo-director, Center for Neuroengineering, Duke University
mARtin nowAKDirector, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University
RoBeRt pALAzzoProvost and Professor of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
CARoLyn poRCoLeader, Cassini Imaging Science Team, and Director, CICLOPS, Space Science Institute
viLAyAnuR s. RAmAChAnDRAn Director, Center for Brain and Cognition, University of California, San Diego
LisA RAnDALLProfessor of Physics, Harvard University
mARtin ReesProfessor of Cosmology and Astrophysics, University of Cambridge
john RegAnoLDRegents Professor of Soil Science, Washington State University
jeFFRey D. sAChsDirector, The Earth Institute, Columbia University
eugenie sCottExecutive Director, National Center for Science Education
teRRy sejnowsKiProfessor and Laboratory Head of Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies
miChAeL snyDeRProfessor of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
miChAeL e. weBBeRAssociate Director, Center for International Energy & Environmental Policy, University of Texas at Austin
steven weinBeRgDirector, Theory Research Group, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin (Nobel Prize in Physics, 1979)
geoRge m. whitesiDesProfessor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
nAthAn woLFeDirector, Global Viral Forecasting Initiative
R. jAmes wooLsey, jR. Venture Partner, VantagePoint Venture Partners
Anton zeiLingeRProfessor of Quantum Optics, Quantum Nanophysics, Quantum Information, University of Vienna
jonAthAn zittRAinProfessor, Harvard Law School
from the editor
mariette diChristina editor in chief et
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After waiting in the long customs queue at JFK air-port in New York City a few years ago, I found myself before an agent with a dour expression.
He wondered: What kind of work, exact-ly, requires a trip to Europe and back in less than three days? As I drew breath to explain my job as an editor at Scientific American, his eyes dropped to the slim volume in my hand, and he suddenly beamed. “Oh, I read that book, and it was terrific.” He handed me back my passport. “Welcome home.”
The book? Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers (W. W. Norton, 2003), by Mary Roach. I’d heard it was witty and thought it would be diverting for a long international flight. It was. In fact, I was well into the chapter on what hap-pens to bodies during airplane crashes before I noticed I’d been reading it at 35,000 feet over the Atlantic Ocean. Af-ter a pause (in which I confess I thought about the wisdom of tempting fate), I read on. I was rewarded with fascinating scientific information and, more than that, a good story.
You just never know when a willing-ness to engage with possibly uncomfort-able topics might have an upside. Now that you have reached the beginning of “The End,” our annual special single-topic issue, we hope it will pro vide simi-lar benefits. As you read, you may come to appreciate, as I have, how an apparent finish can often be just another way to open a new door. Turn to page 38 for a thoughtful introduction to the feature section by staff editor Michael Moyer, who organized the issue.
That is not to say it is always easy to take a hard look at finales. When it comes to contemplating our own mortality, the
nature of our consciousness actually makes it impossible to imagine the world without us. Consider, as Jesse Bering, director of the Institute of Cognition and Culture at Queen’s University Belfast, wrote in our sister publication, Scientific American Mind, that you will never know you have died: “You may feel your-self slipping away, but it isn’t as though there will be a ‘you’ around who is capa-ble of ascertaining that, once all is said and done, it has actually happened.”
Partly for this reason—the difficulty and possible discomfort about some of the topics we wanted to cover—the edi-tors have mulled and then put aside this issue annually for the past few years. How would people react? Would it “die” on the newsstand? (Ouch, I know.) For my part, I find contemplating the future fascinating, whether it is my own, the planet’s or even the universe’s: this issue explores all three and then looks at what comes after the end in many related areas as well. The topic also seems the perfect alpha-and-omega bookend to our single-themed issue last year, “Origins.”
When you’re done with this issue, you can find more on the home page of www.ScientificAmerican.com, including a spe-cial interactive package about the feature article starting on page 74, “How Much Is Left?” which was developed with Zemi. And during the week of August 23, you can listen to several of the editors and oth-er experts in interviews and related stories on WNYC’s national morning radio news program “The Takeaway” (more at www.ScientificAmerican.com/TheEnd). As al-ways, let us know what you think. ■
Start of the End
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