startbook final

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street

art


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BY monica Gonzalez

street artN Lamar, atX.

2012


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tabLe of coNteNts

street art.......................................................1castle hill Graffiti wall..............................8Graffiti..........................................................3

tYpefaces.....................................................34stencil..........................................................51paste ups......................................................74creative art.................................................84


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what

is

street

art?1


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street art is art, specificallY visual art, developed in puBlic spaces that is, in

the streets thouGh the term usuallY refers to unsanctioned art, as opposed to

Government sponsored initiatives. the term can include traditional Graffiti artwork,

sculpture, stencil graffiti, lock ons, sticker art, wheatpasting and street poster art,video projection, art intervention, Guerrilla art, and street installations. tYpicallY, the

term street art or the more specific post-Graffiti is used to distinGuish contemporarY

puBlic-space artwork from territorial Graffiti, vandalism, and corporate art.

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artists have challenged art by situating it in non-art contexts. street artists do not

aspire to chanGe the definition of an artwork, But rather to question the existinG

environment with its own lanGuaGe. theY attempt to have their work communicate witheverYdaY people aBout sociallY relevant themes in waYs that are informed BY esthetic

values without BeinG imprisoned BY them.

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aKafouNdatioN

Graffiti waLL

castLe hiLL

Graffiti

waLL


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in the shadow of some of the tallest BuildinGs in downtown austin is a hidden spot

that has Become a Graffiti mecca to aspirinG writers. this aBandoned lot in the

castle hill neiGhBorhood has received attention from some of the most famous street

artists: shepard fairey, the well known street artist who designed barack obamas

hope poster pasted up some verY larGe pieces on the Back wall at this location, which

is known as the foundation.

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Graffiti

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Graffiti (sinGular: Graffito; the plural is used as a mass noun) iswritinG or drawinGs scriBBled, scratched, or spraYed illicitlY on awall or other surface in a puBlic place. stickers and other adhesives

are not c o n s i d e r e dG r a f f i t i . Graffiti ranGesfrom simple written words

to elaBorate wall paintinGs, and has existed since ancient times,with examples datinG Back to ancient Greece and the roman empire.

Graffiti

in modern times, paint, particularlY spraY paint, and marker pens

have Become the most commonlY used Graffiti materials. in mostcountries, markinG or paintinG propertY without the propertY

owners consent is considered defacement and vandalism, whichis a punishaBle crime. Graffiti maY also express underlYinG socialand political messaGes and a whole Genre of artistic expression isBased upon spraY paint Graffiti stYles.

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the onlY known source of the safaitic lanGuaGe, a form of proto-araBic, is from Graffiti:

inscriptions scratched on to the surface of rocks and Boulders in the predominantlY

Basalt desert of southern sYria, eastern jordan and northern saudi araBia. safaitic

dates from the 1st centurY Bc to the 4th centurY ad.

the first known example of modern stYle Graffiti survives in the ancient Greek

citY of ephesus (in modern-daY turkeY). local Guides saY it is an advertisement for

prostitution. located near a mosaic and stone walkwaY, the Graffiti shows a handprint

that vaGuelY resemBles a heart, alonG with a footprint and a numBer. this is Believed to

indicate that a Brothel was nearBY, with the handprint sYmBolizinG paYment.

the ancient romans carved Graffiti on walls and monuments, examples of which also

survive in eGYpt. Graffiti in the classical world had different connotations than it

carries in todaY's societY concerninG content. ancient Graffiti displaYed phrases

of love declarations, political rhetoric, and simple words of thouGht compared

to todaY's popular messaGes of social and political ideals the eruption of vesuvius

preserved Graffiti in pompeii, includinG latin curses, maGic spells, declarations oflove, alphaBets, political sloGans and famous literarY quotes, providinG insiGht into

ancient roman street life. one inscription Gives the address of a woman named novellia

primiGenia of nuceria, a prostitute, apparentlY of Great BeautY, whose services were

much in demand. another shows a phallus accompanied BY the text, 'mansueta tene':

"handle with care".

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historic forms of Graffiti have helped Gain understandinG into the lifestYles and

lanGuaGes of past cultures. errors in spellinG and Grammar in this Graffiti offer insiGht

into the deGree of literacY in roman times and provide clues on the pronunciation of

spoken latin. examples are cil iv, 7838: vettium firmum / aed[ilem] quactiliar[ii] [sic]

roG[ant]. here, "qu" is pronounced "co." the 83 pieces of Graffiti found at cil iv, 4706-85 are evidence of the aBilitY to read and write at levels of societY where literacY

miGht not Be expected. the Graffiti appear on a peristYle which was BeinG remodeled at

the time of the eruption of vesuvius BY the architect crescens. the Graffiti was left BY

Both the foreman and his workers.

the Brothel at cil vii, 12, 1820 contains over 120 pieces of Graffiti, some of which

were the work of the prostitutes and their clients. the Gladiatorial academY at cil

iv, 4397 was scrawled with Graffiti left BY the Gladiator celadus crescens (suspirium

puellarum celadus thraex: celadus the thracian makes the Girls siGh.)

it was not onlY the Greeks and romans that produced Graffiti: the maYan site of tikal

in Guatemala also contains ancient examples. vikinG Graffiti survive in rome and atnewGranGe mound in ireland, and a varanGian scratched his name (halvdan) in runes

on a Banister in the haGia sophia at constantinople. these earlY forms of Graffiti have

contriButed to the understandinG of lifestYles and lanGuaGes of past cultures.

Graffiti, known as tacherons, were frequentlY scratched on romanesque scandinavian

church walls.

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when renaissance artists such as pinturicchio, raphael, michelanGelo, Ghirlandaio or

filippino lippi descended into the ruins of nero's domus aurea, theY carved or painted

their names and returned with the Grottesche st Yle of decoration. there are also

examples of Graffiti occurrinG in american historY, such as siGnature rock, a national

landmark alonG the oreGon trail.

later, french soldiers carved their names on monuments durinG the napoleonic

campaiGn of eGYpt in the 1790s. lord BYron's survives on one of the columns of the

temple of poseidon at cape sounion in attica, Greece.

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Graffiti is usuallY related to the hip hop

culture, the mYriad of international

stYles derived from new York citY

suBwaY Graffiti. Graffiti has appeared onrailroad Boxcars and suBwaYs. rock and

roll Graffiti is a siGnificant suBGenre. Graffiti also Became associated with the anti-

estaBlishment punk rock movement BeGinninG in the 1970s.

moderN

Graffiti


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aN eLemeNt of

hip

hop

in the 1960s, Graffiti was used as a form of expression BY political

activists, and also BY GanGs such as the savaGe skulls. the earlY

trendsetters were joined in the 70s BY artists like dondi, zephYr

and ladY pink. Graffiti is one of the four elements of hip hop

culture. the relationship Between Graffiti and hip hop culturearises Both from earlY Graffiti artists practicinG other aspects

of hip hop.


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people often leave their traces in wet cement or concrete. this tYpe of Graffiti often

commemorates the mutual commitment of a couple, or simply records a persons

presence at a particular moment. often this tYpe of Graffiti is dated and is leftuntouched for decades, offerinG a look into local historical minutiae.

as a memoriaL


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the modern daY Graffiti

artistsw can Be found with an

arsenal of various materials

that allow for a successful

production of a piece. this

includes such techniques as

scriBinG. however, spraY paintin aerosol cans is the numBer

one necessitY for Graffiti.

from this commoditY come different stYles, technique, and aBilities to form master

works of visual Graffiti. spraY paint can Be found at hardware and art stores and

come in virtuallY everY color.

methods

aNd

productioN


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Graffiti artists constantlY have the loominG threat of facinG consequences for

displaYinG their Graffiti. manY choose to protect their identities and reputation BY

remaininG anonYmous.

with the commercialization of Graffiti (and hip hop in General), in most cases, even

with leGallY painted "Graffiti" art, Graffiti artists tend to choose anonYmitY. this maY

Be attriButed to various reasons or a comBination of reasons. Graffiti still remains

the 1 of 4 hip hop elements that is not considered "performance art" despite the imaGe

of the "sinGinG and dancinG star" that sells hip hop culture to the mainstream. BeinG

a form of visual art, it miGht also Be said that manY Graffiti artists still fall in the

cateGorY of the introverted archetYpal artist.

aNoNymous artists


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typefaces


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steNciL

what


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what

is

steNciLart?


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youve heard of graffiti in the general sense of the word. its the scribbly lines you

see on random walls. oftentimes, You find Yourself starinG at the outraGeous desiGn

to fiGure out what it saYs, But to no avail You end up walkinG awaY. this form of

puBlic art has Been around for centuries since the era of the cavemen. todaY, Graffitiis seen as an eYesore and as defacement of propertY. lawmakers who have failed to see

Graffiti for its artistic BeautY have passed laws makinG it illeGal.

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makes use of a paper, cardBoard, or other media to create an imaGe or text that is

easilY reproduciBle. the desired desiGn is cut out of the selected medium and then the

imaGe is transferred to a surface throuGh the use of spraY paint or roll-on paint.

the process of stencilinG involves applYinG paint across a stencil to form an imaGe ona surface Below. sometimes multiple laYers of stencils are used on the same imaGe to

add colours or create the illusion of depth.

steNciL Graffiti


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those who make and applY stencils have manY motivations. for some, it is an easYmethod to produce a political messaGe. manY artists appreciate the puBlicitY that theirartwork can receive. and some just want their work to Be seen. since the stencil staYs

uniform throuGhout its use, it is easier for an artist to quicklY replicate what couldBe a complicated piece at a verY quick rate, when compared to other conventionaltaGGinG methods.

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over the Years this form of Graffiti has Become a worldwide suBculture. the memBers

are linked throuGh the internet and the imaGes spraY-painted on the urBan canvas

theY place throuGhout the world. manY of its memBers connect throuGh BloGs and

weBsites that are specificallY Built to displaY works, Get feedBack on posted works,and receive news of what is GoinG on in the world of stencil Graffiti. stencil Graffiti is

illeGal and manY of the memBers of this suBculture shroud their identities in aliases.

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stencil Graffiti takes that idea of paintinG on walls and taGGinG random siGns BY usinG

a stencil made of cardBoard or another medium. it is tamed Graffiti, Yet it still is

a form of artistic expression. artists use this medium of expression for social and

political commentarY. stencil Graffiti is associated with political and social issues

more than the traditional Graffiti methods. these messaGes are often presentedthrouGh humorous, shockinG or ironic imaGes or words. artists, such as BanksY, have

Become well known Because of their political messaGes to the world.

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how is it made?


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there isnt a definitive way to make a stencil. some artists use cardboard and a cutter

for their desiGns, while others have a laser cutter and computer software that helps

them make the perfect desiGn. a useful feature to usinG stencils for Graffiti is that it

can easilY Be reproduced, so cardBoard is usuallY the Best medium for a stencil. once

the stencil is made, Graffiti artists find a convenient place to paint the stencil. the Best

reward is finding a stencil that isnt too obvious to find. the stencil is either spray

painted to the wall or painted on with a roller.

howis it made?

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creative


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creative

streetart

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