Starting a Business in IrelandA Guide For Immigrants

Acknowledgement

Thanks to Dr. Thomas Cooney (Institute of Minority Entrepreneurs, Dublin Institute of Technology) for providing some useful material that was used in preparing this guide.

DisclaimerThe information contained here does not constitute legal advice. While every effort has been made

to ensure that the information in this publication is accurate, The Integration Centre does not accept legal responsibility for any errors, howsoever occurred.

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Introduction

This document gives information about starting up a business. Regulation, taxation, support organisations, sources of �nancial assistance, and tips on business plans and market research are discussed in detail.

Websites and contact details of organisations where more information can be found are also listed throughout to enable the user to gather more information where necessary.

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Table of Contents

Introduction ......................................................................................... 4

Part 1: Starting a Business in ireland ................................................. 7 Registering a Business .......................................................................................................... 7 Permission to Set Up a Business .......................................................................................... 8 ConnectIreland ................................................................................................................... 9

Part 2: Running a Business ................................................................ 11 Taxation ............................................................................................................................ 11 Self Assessment for Sole Traders ......................................................................................... 11 PRSI .� 11 Companies tax .................................................................................................................. 11 Expenses ............................................................................................................................ 12 Value Added Tax ............................................................................................................... 12 Regulations ....................................................................................................................... 13 Health and Safety .............................................................................................................. 13 Other regulations .............................................................................................................. 13 Intellectual Property .......................................................................................................... 14 Part 3: Support for Businesses ......................................................... 15 Information and Advice .................................................................................................... 15 Resources .......................................................................................................................... 15 Local Enterprise Boards ..................................................................................................... 15 Enterprise Ireland .............................................................................................................. 15 Local & Community Development Programmes .............................................................. 15 Institute of Minority Entrpreneurs .................................................................................... 16 Libraries ............................................................................................................................ 16 Support for Co-Operatives ................................................................................................ 16 Banks � 16 Microloans ........................................................................................................................ 16 Back to Work Enterprise Allowance .................................................................................. 17 Grants and investments ..................................................................................................... 17

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Table of Contents

Part 4: Planning and promoting Business ....................................... 19 Final Tips for the Plan ....................................................................................................... 21 Market Research ................................................................................................................ 21 Promoting a Business ........................................................................................................ 22 Networking ....................................................................................................................... 22

Appendices ......................................................................................... 34 Appendix 1: Useful Terms ................................................................................................. 23 Appendix 2: Main immigrant groups and their entitlements ............................................. 24

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Registering a business

There are four legal options when starting a business, which are:

Sole trader

Private limited company,

Partnership

Co-operative

The two most popular forms of legal status are sole trader and private company. Partnerships usually occur in the professions (such as accountancy, doctors, dentists, etc) and can be quite complex. Co-operatives, sometimes underrated, can be a good format for some businesses (for more on co-operatives can be found at www.css.coop.).

As a sole trader you have to register the business name under which you are trading (if such trading name is not carried on under your own name) and this can be done through the Companies Registration Office (www.cro.ie). You are also legally obliged to register as a sole trader for central tax purposes with the Revenue Commissioners (www.revenue.ie).

To form a private company you must submit your Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association and a Form A1 to the Companies Registration Office (www.cro.ie). The proposed name of your company should be unique or the Companies Registration Office may request that you choose another name.

A sole trader or private company may also be required to register for VAT for making supplies of goods and/or services, subject to your turnover (total amount of business) which is above certain thresholds. The most common thresholds are €37,500 for the supply of services, and €75,000 for the supply of goods. You should check with the Revenue Commissioners for further details (www.revenue.ie).

Part 1: Starting a Business in Ireland

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Here is a short comparison of pluses and minuses of sole trading and private company:

Sole Trader

The simplicity of starting and �nishing the business

The owner makes all the decisions

The owner gets all the pro�t, and there are minimum legal restrictions

It could be difficult to raise capital

You are responsible for all losses

In the case of any accidents then you are responsible for all damages (unless you have professional insurance)

Private Company

You only have limited liability (paying for losses)

You can obtain credit more easily

All pro�ts are taxed at Corporation Tax rates

An annual audit is required unless you are small business and get exemption upon meeting criteria

The cost of formation

Annual accounts have to comply with the Companies Acts

Any losses cannot be set against personal incomes

Permission to set up a business

The following groups are free to set up a business:

Nationals of EU countries1 and Norway/Lichtenstein/Switzerland

Non-EU nationals with a Residency Stamp 4

All other non-EU nationals have to make an application with the Department of Justice under the Start-up Immigrant Entrepreneur Programme or Business Permission Scheme. A well designed business plan and evidence of professional/trade quali�cation (where this is appropriate) and experience are important. Furthermore, a character report (usually from the police) needs to be submitted, too.

The applicant for the Start-Up Entrepreneur Programme needs to demonstrate �nancial backing of €75,000 through business angels, venture capital providers or a �nancial institution regulated by the Financial Regulator. Personal funding transferred to the State or a grant from a relevant State agency would also be acceptable. Unlike with the Business Permission scheme, applicants will not be required to produce employment in this developmental stage of the business. The scheme targets high-potential start-ups which have the potential to introduce goods and services to the international market, and create employment capable of creating 10 jobs at a later stage.

Applicants for the Business Permission scheme need to evidence €300,000 investment

1. This includes Romanian/Bulgarian nationals.

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and employment of two EU/Norwegian/Lichtenstein nationals. Joint investments can be accepted. The scheme offers opportunity for those who want to start a business in retail, catering and personal services that normally do not qualify under the Start-Up Entrepreneurial Programme.

Upon making investment in projects and products, the Immigrant Investor Programme offers non-EEA investors and their immediate family to enter Ireland on multi-entry visas and remain here for up to 5 years with the possibility of ongoing renewal. The funds must be legally acquired and owned, not borrowed, by the investor. Following investments qualify:

A once-off endowment of at least €500,000 to a public project bene�ting the arts, sports, health, culture or education

A minimum €1,000,000 aggregate investment into new or existing Irish businesses for a minimum of 3 years

A minimum €2,000,000 investment in a special low interest 5-year immigrant investor bond

A minimum €1,000,000 mixed investment consisting of €500,000 in property and €500,000 in immigrant investor bonds

ConnectIreland

Connect Ireland is new initiative by the government that rewards individuals if they help to bring a company to Ireland that create job(s). People need to register with the Irish Development Agency that will set up a meeting with the representative of the company that consider coming to Ireland. Companies do not need to be big; in fact the programme target smaller companies as IDA is less likely to reach those through its normal trade missions. You can register at www.connectireland.com or phone 056-7797322 or e-mail info@connectireland.com.

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Part 2: Running A Business

Taxation

Self-assessment for sole traders

Self-Assessment is for self-employed persons, (i.e. people with their own business including farming, professions or vocations) it gives you greater control and responsibility over your tax affairs. It applies to people who are in receipt of income from sources which are not chargeable to tax under the normal income tax system, the so-called PAYE2 system. You have to complete Form TR1 - Tax Registration form for Sole Traders, Trusts and Partnerships. Under this system you must:

Pay Preliminary Tax for the current tax year on or before the 31 October each year,

Make your Tax Return after the end of the tax year but not later than the following 31 October. This is known as the “speci�ed return date”.

Pay any balance of tax due for the previous tax year on or before 31 October.

It is worth registering online with Revenue and �le your return electronically. You can download a programme that helps you with �lling out the form.

PRSI

Self-employed people have to pay social insurance and a health levy on their income, called Personal Related Social Insurance together. Self-employed people belong to Insurance Class S and pay PRSI when they do their tax return to the Revenue. If you employ people, you also have to pay PRSI for all employees. See more at www.selfemployedsupports.ie and www.welfare.ie .

Companies’ tax

If you are setting up a company you should �ll in Form TR2 - Tax Registration form for Companies. This can be used to register for any or all of the following: Corporation Tax, Employer’s PAYE/PRSI, Value Added Tax, and Relevant Contracts Tax. Companies pay Corporation Tax. This tax is charged on the company’s pro�ts and a company’s income for tax purposes is calculated in accordance with Income Tax rules.

2. Self-assessment is also the format for tax returns where some but not all of their tax on these sources of income is paid under PAYE.

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If you set up a company you must also set up a separate bank account that is for company transactions only.

Expenses

When completing your tax returns, you can claim for any business expenses which you have incurred in order to earn your pro�ts. These expenses are normally referred to as revenue expenditure. Revenue expenditure is your day to day running costs. The general rule is that you cannot claim for any private expenses such as:

Any expense, not wholly and exclusively paid for the purposes of the trade or profession

Any private or domestic expenditure e.g. , food, clothing (except protective clothing), income tax or your own wages. However, if you operate as a company you can pay a wage to yourself but must deduct all relevant income and social taxes from it and return these to the Revenue Commissioners under the PAYE system)

Business entertainment expenditure (i.e. the provision of accommodation, food, drink or any other form of hospitality).

Where expenditure relates to both business and private use, only that part which relates to your business will be allowed: rent, electricity, telephone charges, etc...

New companies may not pay tax on pro�ts and capital for three years (called remission) upon meeting criteria. Companies will qualify if they start a new trade which did not exist in Ireland and the total amount of corporation tax does not exceed €40,000.3 The tax relief is linked to the amount of employer’s PRSI the employers has paid (maximum €5,000 per person).

Value Added Tax

Finally, VAT is a tax on consumer spending. It is collected by VAT-registered traders on their supplies of goods and services sold within the State. Generally, traders in the chain of supply from manufacturer through to retailer charges VAT on his or her sales and is entitled to deduct from this amount the VAT paid on their purchases.

3. Professional services and companies dealing in land, petroleum and minerals are not eligible.

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Regulations

Health and safety

Employers need to prepare risk assessment in the workplace and a make a safety statement about how they prevent accidents. It is useful to register with www.besmart.ie, run by the Health and Safety Authority, which will help you to carry out this. You can contact the Health and Safety Authority at 1890 289 389 Lo-Call).

Other Regulations

There may be other regulations that affect your type of business depending on the industry you are in. You may need to register with relevant authority. For instance, if you sell food you need to comply with food safety regulations and hygiene. The website www.businessregulation.ie is a good point of information for these. Here you can �nd more details on the authorities you have to contact.

Industry Responsible Authorities Link

Food HSE, Dept. of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries

www.hse.ie; www.agriculture.gov.ie

Construction Health and Safety Authority www.hsa.ie

Retail National Consumer Agency www.nca.ie

Transport Road and Safety Authority, National Transport Authority

www.rsa.ie; www.nationaltransport.ie

Hospitality Food and Safety Authority, HSE www.fsai.ie

Manufacturing National Standards Authority www.nsai.ie

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Intellectual property

Patent

A ‘patent’ gives its holder, for a limited period, the right to exclude others from exploiting (making, using, selling, importing) the patented invention, except with the consent of the owner of the patent. A patent is a form of ‘industrial property’, which belongs to the owner who may sell or license it. Patents are territorial and so an Irish patent is only valid in Ireland. Therefore, if you think the product is suitable for export you will have to take out a separate patent for each country that you are targeting.

Design

’Design’ means the appearance of the whole or a part of a product resulting from the features of the lines, contours, colour, shape, texture or materials of the product. A registered design is a form of ‘industrial property’. Design protection is territorial and so a design registered in Ireland is only valid in Ireland.

Copyright

‘Copyright’ is the legal term, which describes the rights given to the authors/creators of certain categories of work. Copyright protection extends to the following works:·original literary, dramatic, musical or artistic workssound recordings, �lms, broadcasts, cable programmesthe typographical arrangements of published editions, computerised programmesoriginal databases.

The owner of copyright is the author, meaning the person who creates the work. Where an employee in the course of employment creates the work, the employer is the owner of the copyright in the work, unless an agreement to the contrary exists. Copyright takes effect as soon as the work is put on paper, �lm, or other �xed medium such as CD-ROM, DVD, Internet, etc. No protection is provided for ideas while the ideas are in a person’s mind.

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Part 3: Support For Businesses

Information and advice

Resources

There are some very good websites that can help you �nd information about the organisations available to help you. The www.basis.ie and www.selfemployedsupports.ie are two good sources.

Local Enterprise Boards

There are city and county enterprise boards nationwide. They will become part of the Local Authority in the near future. Enterprise Boards provide a range of business support packages to small-scale enterprises including business information and advice, mentoring, training, networking and promotional opportunities. You could attend their Start Your Own Business courses which are useful for people to test out their ideas and learn more about how to run a business. Contact your local enterprise board or check out www.enterpriseboards.ie.

Enterprise Ireland

Enterprise Ireland is the government agency responsible for the development and promotion of the Irish business sector. It has ten offices around the country and they work with high potential start ups to assist them to compete and to grow internationally. It also organises EnterpriseStart workshops for individuals with business ideas that have great export potential. Check out www.enterpriseireland.ie for more information.

Local & Community Development Programmes

There are Area-based Partnerships and Local Development Companies which help business in disadvantaged city and rural areas throughout the country. Support is given for the setting up of businesses and is aimed particularly at the long-term unemployed and marginalised persons. Although Partnerships vary, they usually offer support in business, �nancial and legal advice, bookkeeping training, mentoring and enterprise networks, training in sales and marketing and incubation units for start-up businesses. Phone 01-4600091/2 (Irish Local Development Network) or 01 5117339 (Pobal) to �nd contact details for your local Partnership or check www.ildn.ie/integrated_companies.htm.

Institute of Minority Entrepreneurs

Dublin Institute of Technology operates the Institute of Minority Entrepreneurs which

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support those who want to set up or has just started their business. From autumn to spring they run lectures and they also offer advice and mentoring. You should contact info@ime.ie.

Libraries

Libraries have books and journals that can be useful for people who want to set up a business. They may also organise talks on setting up businesses e.g. Central Library in Dublin.

Support for co-operatives

Co-operative Support Services for Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurs was established in 2006 and is a minority ethnic-led organization aimed at developing ethnic co-operative businesses. See http://coop-entrepreneurship.com/co-op/index.php or call 01 671 3639.

Financial assistance

There are different ways of getting �nancial help with your new business, including loans and grants. For small businesses the following website is useful: www.smallbusiness�nance.ie. Remember that accessing �nance for businesses in recent years has become more difficult.

Banks

Banks have a speci�c section which deals with loans for businesses. As a result of the economic and banking crisis, it is more difficult to get loans from banks. But the Government set targets for AIB and Bank of Ireland to give out loans to small and medium size businesses in 2012 and 2013. It is very important that you demonstrate to banks and investors that you have a business with good cash-�ow. For tips check out ‘Your Business, Your Bank’ publication at www.djei.ie/publications/enterprise/2010/YourBusinessYourBank.pdf

Microloans

First-Step Micro�nance provides loans of up to €25,000 to start up or expand new businesses that want to create their own enterprise and who cannot access funding, or sufficient funding, from other sources.

First-Step’s core goal is to help �nance start up and expanding Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) to provide job opportunities. Their application and screening process evaluates and stress test the applications received for likely success based on information received. See more at www.�rst-step.ie .

The new Microenterprise Loan Fund Scheme is expected to be operational from autumn 2012 and initially will facilitate €40million in additional lending to businesses employing not more than 10 people over the next �ve years, with provision for the scheme to be extended to provide an additional €50million of lending over a further �ve years at that

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point. Start-ups, sole traders and existing microenterprises will be eligible to apply for a loan under the scheme.

Area partnerships may also offer grants or revolving loans.

Back to Work Enterprise Allowance

The Back to Work Enterprise Allowance (BTWEA) scheme encourages people getting certain social welfare payments to become self-employed. Recipients can keep a percentage of their social welfare payment for up to 2 years. In general you are eligible if you have been getting Jobseeker Payments/One Parent Family Payments for a year.

Those who receive Jobseeker Bene�t may qualify for the Short-Term Enterprise allowance immediately. If the person is successful, he receives this payment for a year instead of Jobseeker Bene�t.

For both applications, you should contact the Enterprise Officer in your local Area partnership or, if there is not any, then approach your local Social Welfare office. The relevant agency has to approve your business plan. See http://www.ildn.ie/integrated_companies.htm or contact your local Social Welfare office.

Grants and investments

The city / county enterprise boards provide direct �nancial assistance to qualifying businesses in the form of priming grants, feasibility study grants and business expansion grants. Enterprises that employ up to a maximum of 10 people can apply for �nancial assistance but they must operate in the manufacturing or internationally traded services sectors. Services trading in Ireland also qualify if they are established by unemployed people and they do not force other Irish businesses to close down. The key is job creation and potential for growth. If you expect to grow quickly and employ more than 10 people, then you can go to Enterprise Ireland (www.enterprise-ireland.com) for help.

A Business Angel is normally a wealthy private individual who invests money in companies during the early stage of their development. Angels may additionally contribute their know-how or business experience to the company and can offer valuable expertise and guidance. The average amount of investment is 25,000€ - 125,000€ by business angels. They often take a part ownership of the company.

The Business Angel Partnership matches private investors, business angels, with pre-screened investment opportunities in start-up, early stage and developing businesses. The partnership maintains a database of business angels. You should contact the four business innovation centres in Ireland to �nd out more:

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Dublin Business Innovation Centre - www.dbic.ie Cork Business Innovation Centre - www.corkbic.com South East Business Innovation Centre - www.sebic.ie West Business Innovation Centre - www.westbic.ie

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Part 4: Planning and Promoting Business

Business plans

Business planning is an important part of preparing to start your business. It is a framework that brings ideas together with checkpoints and scenarios (future events). It is useful for you and necessary for credit institutions, investors and support agencies. There are some good websites such as www.smallbusinesscan.com . Banks also have templates on their websites. Here are some important questions to consider when planning your business.

What is your product/service? Why do customers need your product/service? Describe in clear language what you try to sell and why you think there is a demand for this type of product or service. Doing market research gives you strong evidence about why your product and service is needed.

What is your selling point? You should list any competitors (if any) and be able to identify points on how you are different to the competition: location, uniqueness of the product, price and speed of delivery.

Who will your customers be and how would you reach them? A very important marketing element of any small business is to identify the target market. Often it is a mistake to think that everyone is a potential customer and it is better to identify which market segment you are most likely to �nd your customers. Knowing speci�cally your customers helps to reach them including the format you use: networking events, personal meetings, lea�ets, internet and social media.

What would be your premise and what equipment/vehicles would you use (if any)? Give some details on where you will be based, if the place is owned by you or you rent it, and what equipment you would use including how you would get that equipment.

Who would supply your goods/services and materials? List the name of the organisations that would sell your goods and services or materials that you want to use. Mention what terms of credit they are offering.

How would you get the product/service to your customers? You should give details of the channel of distribution you plan to use including physical distribution (packaging, stock keeping, transportation) and/or telecommunication and internet, and mention any retailer if you use one. If you plan to use your own vehicle, make sure you mention it.

How will the product or service be priced and how it will make you a pro�t? You

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should make some calculations over a period of time about how you hope to make money in the future while paying your expenses. It is important to demonstrate that you will have good cash-�ow. Ideally you should have a pricing strategy (e.g. how you would give discounts; if customers would pay in advance, at points of sale or through some credit). Similarly, it is good to present a plan to manage costs (materials, suppliers, delivery) so that you have a pro�t margin. Main costs are:

Property / Rent Transport Machines and equipment Stock / Supplies (i.e. materials for manufacturing and processing your products

or services) Salaries / wages Selling and promotion Loan repayments Taxes, VAT Legal costs, Accountancy (e.g. incorporation) Subscriptions Travel Stationery, Office Expenses, Postage, Telephone Computer supplies / IT Heat, light, power, etc Insurance Cleaning

What are the main challenges or threats you are facing? It is important to establish what the main difficulties are and how you can get over those. Some suggest carrying out a SWOT analysis: looking at your own strengths and weaknesses (skills, experience, �nance etc...) and the opportunities and threats in the market.

What is the organisational structure? Who is making decisions in the company? Who are the key personnel? How many staff do you expect to employ (if any)?

What is your mission? You should describe the high level goals you want to achieve with your business.

Executive Summary is the key highlight of your plan. You often place the executive summary at the beginning and if parties become interested they will read the whole plan. Here are some useful tips:

Write in third person Summarize the products/services and its advantages

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Include �gures Average reading time for 1st read is 30 seconds so you must capture the readers’

attention Maximum of two pages Use paragraphs Bullet point format is easier to sell (use paragraphs if not bullet points)

Company founded in 2004 by Ms X and Mr Y

The idea is to develop a ....

The target market for this product is.....

Its unique selling point is........

The key bene�ts of the product are.....

The size of the market is now ...and increased by...

The main competitors are ..........

Final tips for the plan

Check spelling! Ask someone else to read and give their opinion! Make sure your executive summary draws attention to your main selling points! Make sure that it is easy to read and nicely presented!

Market research

Before making a business plan you should carry out market research. Your market research should be organised to make sure you collect all the information you need. The structure depends on your product/service, your budget and the time you have available but should include: Problem de�nition: what do you want to �nd out? Desk research : studying directories, magazines and newspapers and the

Internet Developing and testing the questionnaire: make sure that the questions can be

understood and will give you useful answers Field research – Asking the questions Data processing – Processing the results Reporting – The �nal stage.

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Promoting a business

Promotional materials and websites need to look professional, that is to say, they cannot have language mistakes and must give a clear idea for potential customers what the person is trying to sell.

If you meet suppliers, authorities or �nancial institutions, make sure that you have a clear idea what you want to say and how you might answer questions that they put to you. You don’t have to speak perfect English but need to speak clearly. Remember that looking different can actually be an advantage as they are more likely to remember your face. Here are some ways to promote your business: Social media and internet Brochures and lea�ets Newspaper, Magazines, radio, TV Directories Networking events Personal contacts

Networking

Networking is an essential part of becoming a successful business person. In Ireland it is even more important to build up a network as it is a relatively small country. Entering social networks can help you to understand the culture including business culture in Ireland and develop relationship which can be bene�cial for your business. Giving and returning favours is an important aspect of social networks in Ireland that can be used by business people to their advantage later. Of course, this does not apply to approaching authorities.

It is difficult to give advice on the culture of business relationships in Ireland. In general you have to be aware that there is a less obvious hierarchy in Ireland and people address each other on equal terms e.g. usually use �rst names and in a friendly tone. After getting to know each other, people often mock the other person, this is called slagging. However, you need to be sensitive about private life as Irish people are unlikely to talk about personal difficulties or religion openly.

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Appendix 1

Useful Terms

Terms Description

Revenue The amount of money the business receives over a given period.

Net Income or Pro�t Net income is calculated by adding up revenues and taking away the cost of doing business, depreciation, interest, taxes and other expenses.

Liability Financial obligation; money that the person owes.

Asset Thing that the person owns and can be converted into cash; total resources of a business.

Damages Damages are normally a form of payment which has to be paid as a result of negligence e.g accidents.

Depreciation Depreciation indicates how much of an asset’s value has been used up (e.g. a car used for the business is worth less)

Distribution chain or channel

Distribution is the process of getting your product or service to the customers. You may use agent, retailer, wholesaler or get the product directly to customers.

Retail Retailers or resellers are businesses that sell products or services directly to customers.

Wholesaler Wholesalers or distributors are those who sell products/services to retailers.

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Main immigrant groups and their entitlements

Terms Description

EU/EEA Nationals A citizen of any one of 27 EU states / or Iceland, Liechtenstein or Norway. They are allowed to work or study or set up business.

Asylum seeker A person who seek protection from the state due to fear of persecution. They cannot work or start a business.

Non-EUStamp 1

Non-EEA nationals who have received an employment permit or business permission

Non-EU Stamp 1A

Non-EEA nationals who do full-time training (accountancy). They can work 40 hours a week.

Non-EUStamp 2

Non-EEA nationals on student visa who are attending a recognised full-time course of at least one year. They are permitted to work for 20 hours a week during term time and full time during holidays

Non-EUStamp 2A

Non-EEA nationals who are not attending a course recognised by the Department of Education and Skills. They are not permitted to work.

Non-EUStamp 3

Non-EEA nationals who in general are not permitted to work. The main categories are: visitors; family members of employment holders; retired people with independent means

Non-EU: Stamp 4

Holders of Stamp4 residency permission do not need an employment permit, business permission or student visa. The main groups are: • People on long term residency status (can be applied after 60 months on work permit)• Convention and programme refugees and their family members• Family members of EU/Norway/Lichtenstein/Switzerland• Persons who have been granted subsidiary protection or (humanitarian) permission to remain following the Minister’s decision not to deport the person under Section 3 of the Immigration Act 1999. Previously people received permission that explicitly stated humanitarian grounds but this is no longer speci�ed.• Spouses and civil partners of Irish nationals• Parents and siblings of Irish citizen child granted permission to remain on that basis (IBC scheme, 2004; Zambrano ruling, 2011)

Appendix 2

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Non-EUStamp 4 EUFam

Family members of EU nationals who have exercised their right to move and live in Ireland. They do not need an employment permit or business permission or student visa.

Non-EUStamp 5

After 96 months (8 years) legal residency non-EEA nationals can apply for permission to remain in Ireland without as to condition to time. The permission is valid until the expiry of their passport.

The Integration Centre20 Mountjoy Square East

Dublin 1

Tel: +353 1 6453070

Email: info@integrationcentre.ieWebsite: www.integrationcentre.ie

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