stat, 01-research method

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Islam, M.T. http://sites.google.com/site/kjatbd/

Statistics: Recapping

Md. Tarikul IslamJahangirnagar University, Bangladesh


The Course: Topics

No Topics

01 Basics of statistics and recap!

02 Collection of data

03 Presentation of data

04 Measures of central tendency

05 Measures of variation

06 Skewness, moments, and kurtosis

07 Correlation analysis

08 Regression analysis

09 Forecasting and time series analysis

10 Probability

11 Sampling

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Research Methodology

qResearch Methodologyo Teach me on the issue!


Research: Defined

qDefinition of researcho Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as

any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establishnovel facts, usually using a scientific method

o Research is RE + SEARCH too!!


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Research: Types

qTypes of research Two types mainly

o Basic researcho Applied research

Any idea about them to share from anyone?


Research: Types

qTypes of research Basic research

o A type of research that is carried out to increase theunderstanding of fundamental principles

o It advances fundamental knowledge about the human worldo It focuses on refuting or supporting theories that explain how

this world operates, what makes things happen, why socialrelations are a certain way, and why society changes

o This is the source of most new scientific ideas and ways ofthinking about the world

o It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory; however,explanatory research is the most common

Mainly carried out by universitieso Also called fundamental orpure research


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Research: Types

qTypes of research Applied research

o Applied research refers to scientific study and research thatseeks to solve practical problems

o This is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness,and develop innovative technologies

The main differences among basic and applied researcho The main motivation of basic research is to expand human

knowledge , not to create or invent something

o There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries thatresult from basic research


Research Methodology: Breakdown

qBreakdown Working with RM means getting answers of

o What kind of research it is?o What types of data to collect?o From where to collect these data?o How to collect the data?o What treatment of data after collection?


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R. Methodology: Research Design

qResearch Design What type of research you are involved in?

o We need to know types of research Research Types

o Exploratoryo Descriptiveo

Causalo Normativeo Lets see the next slides


Research Design: Research Types

SingleCross-

Sec5onalDesign

Mul5pleCross-

Sec5onalDesign

ResearchDesign

Conclusive

ResearchDesignExploratory

ResearchDesign

Descrip5veResearch CausalResearch

Cross-Sec5onal

Design

Longitudinal

Design


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Research Types: Exploratory Research

qExploratory Researcho A type of research conducted for a problem that has not

been clearly defined yet

For problem definition or for the better understanding ofthe problem in hand

Or to create more insights of the issue What is a research problem?

o It helps to determine the best research design, data collectionmethod and selection of subjects


Research Types: Descriptive Research

qDescriptive Researcho A type of research that describes data and characteristics

about the population or phenomenon being studied

o The characteristics of relevant groups, such as consumers,salespeople, organizations, or market areas

o In most cases i t ends up wi th conclus ion andrecommendation if asked!


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Research Types: Causal Research

qCausal Researcho A type of conclusive research where the major objective is to

obtain evidence regarding cause and effect relationship

o The result or output can be explained by what variables!o Pretty much common in scientific fields


Research Types: Normative Research

qNormative Researcho A type of research that tries to define how things are and how

things should be

o Therefore it

Describes the events And then recommends how the event should be

o Also called applied research


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R. Methodology: Data, Data Collection

qData, Data Collection Three major questions

o What data to use?o From where to collect?o How to collect?

What data to use?o In most cases two types data

Primary data: the researchers collects data first time

Secondary data: Secondary data is data collected bysomeone other than the user

o There is one more type Internal data: internal records of a firm


R. Methodology: Data, Data Collection

qData, Data Collection From where to collect?

o It defines the actual source of datao From where do you collect?

From respondents? From journal? From book? From any other source?

How do you collect them?o Through questionnaire? Through observation? Any other

method? Why this method? Mention all of them

o If from respondents, how did you select the respondents? Whythis method of selecting respondents?


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R. Methodology: Writing

qWritingo Its not mandatory that you will have to write the parts

separately

But you can do soo The important thing is to write all the required issues in a clear

and specific manner

You should not leave any chance to question to pop up?


R. Methodology: Examples - 1/5

qExampleo The study considers both primary and secondary data in order

to answer the main research question. Primary data have

been collected from Dhaka city and its outskirts byinterviewing 100 respondents with a formal questionnaire

(added in appendix) through simple random sampling

method. Real estate professionals and experts are othersources of the primary data that have been collected

through informal interviews. Secondary data comes fromdifferent published sources like research reports, Bangladesh

Bureau of Statistics, real estate publications, Internet, and

different literatures on real estate business etc. Two modelsnamely five factors model and value chain model of Michael

E. Porter have been used as the basic theoretical frameworkin this research.


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qExampleo The study considers both primary and secondary data in order

to answer the main research question. Primary data have

been collected from Dhaka city and its outskirts byinterviewing 220 respondents with a formal questionnaire

(Appendix-04) through judgmental sampling method. Before

giving the questionnaire there used to be an informaldiscussion with the respondent about the real estate sector to

know how much he/she is aware of the sector in Bangladesh.

Therefore knowledge of the real estate sector was thecriterion for thejudgmental sampling.



qExample contdo We used this as the criterion because we wanted to know

how people evaluate the emergence of the sectorand how

do they evaluate the current operations of the sector alongwith the factors that affect both the development and

ongoing operation of the sector. Twenty real estate

professionals and fifteen real estate experts are other sourcesof the primary data that have been collected through

informal interviews. Secondary data comes from differentpublished sources like research reports, Bangladesh Bureau of

Statistics, real estate publications, Internet, and different

literatures on real estate business etc. Two models namely fivefactors model and value chain model of Michael E. Porter

have been used as the basic theoretical framework in thisresearch.


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qExampleo This research is a combination of both normative and

descriptive research therefore incorporated both qualitativeand quantitative aspects of the available data. The nature of

this research required both primary and secondary data for

consideration. Primary data have been collected using thejudgment sampling method from the twenty Bangladeshi

migrants living in England (London), Holland (Delft,Rotterdam), Spain (Madrid), Sweden (Stockholm), and USA

(New York) through interviews with informal questionnaire

mainly to analyze the impact of cultural shocks on flow ofremittance. Observation and experiences of the researcher

during the three years of living in Sweden, Spain, Holland, andFrance also incorporated in this research.



qExample contdo The researcher visited England to collect data from London

while Skype, Yahoo Messenger, and MSN Messenger have

been used to contact the respondents in USA (New York).Secondary information was collected from different

publications, books, internet and relevant academic journals.

To make the study more broad-based and informative,materials of this paper were presented systematically for

analytical purposes and also to draw inference there from.


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qThank You!

q

stat, 01-research method

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