state of california department of rehabilitation 2006 © welcome state of california

State of California Department of Rehabilitation 2006 ©

Welcome

State of California

State of California Department of Rehabilitation 2006 © 2

Agenda - Day 2

• Level A Conformance

• Practice

• Double-A Conformance

• Lunch

• Practice

• Triple-A Conformance

• Best Practices

• Content Redevelopment

• Resources

• Summary


Module 8WCAG Level A Conformance

Objectives

At the completion of this module, you will be able to:

Explain the basic difference between Section 508 compliance and Level A conformance

Explain the meaning of each Level A requirement

Explain how to implement each Level A requirement


How WCAG and Section 508 Relate

• Section 508 §1194.22 is loosely based on WCAG 1.0 Priority 1 checkpoints

WCAG has some Priority 1 checkpoints not included in Section 508 §1194.22

§ 1194.22 has some additional standards

• Module focus: WCAG Level A Conformance

Level A = Meets all Priority 1 checkpoints

We will look at each Priority 1 checkpoint


Checkpoint 1.3Multimedia

• “Until user agents can automatically read aloud the text equivalent of a visual track, provide an auditory description of the important information of the visual track of a multimedia presentation.”

• Complements Section 508 §1194.22 (b)


Checkpoint 4.1Natural Language

• “Clearly identify changes in the natural language of a document's text and any text equivalents (e.g., captions).”

• No Section 508 equivalent

• Important for Braille readers

Multilingual speech synthesizers

Appropriate use of machine translators

Natural Language Accessibility: Before

And with a certain je ne sais quoi, she entered both the room, and his life, forever. <q>My name is Natasha,</q> she said. <q>Piacere,</q> he replied in impeccable Italian, locking the door.

Natural Language Accessibility: After

And with a certain je ne sais quoi, she entered both the room, and his life, forever. <q>My name is Natasha,</q> she said. <q lang="it">Piacere,</q> he replied in impeccable Italian, locking the door.


Checkpoint 6.2Dynamic Content

• “Ensure that equivalents for dynamic content are updated when the dynamic content changes.”


Dynamic Content: Before and After

<img src="./gallery/<% =artArray(11,thisRow) %>_thumb.jpg" border="0" width="155" alt="Gallery Picture" />

<img src="./gallery/<% =artArray(11,thisRow) %>_thumb.jpg” alt="<% =artArray(5,thisRow) %>" />

Before:

After:


Checkpoint 6.3Scripting

• “Ensure that pages are usable when scripts, applets, or other programmatic objects are turned off or not supported. If this is not possible, provide equivalent information on an alternative accessible page.”

• Section 508 (l) and (m)


Checkpoint 8.1 Script/Applet Compatibility with User Agents

• “Make programmatic elements such as scripts and applets directly accessible or compatible with assistive technologies [Priority 1 if functionality is important and not presented elsewhere, otherwise Priority 2].”



Checkpoint 14.1Clear Language

• “Use the clearest and simplest language appropriate for a site's content.”



Clear Language: Suggestions

• Links

• Topic sentence at beginning of paragraph

• One main idea per paragraph

• Avoid slang, jargon, specialized meanings

• Use common words

• Active voice

• Avoid complex sentences


Clear Language Tool: The Fog Index

Fog Index = Average number of words per sentence

+ Percentage of words with 3 or more syllables

X 0.4

Lower score means easier to read

For example:

Mark Twain, the Bible, TV Guide have a Fog Index of around 6

Time, Newsweek, and The Wall Street Journal have a Fog Index of around 11

Brian Reed:

Hehe. Fox” index????

Brian Reed:

Hehe. Fox” index????

Alison de Grassi:

Foggy or Foxy? I’m guessing the fog rules!

Alison de Grassi:

Foggy or Foxy? I’m guessing the fog rules!


Module 8 Recap

• WCAG 1.0 guidelines overlap with Section 508 §1194.22

Both incorporated into State of California standards

• Level A conformance requires meeting all Priority 1 checkpoints


Module 9Practice - Level A

Objectives At the completion of this module, you will be able to:

Describe Level A problem areas you found on your websites

Explain what steps you took (or can take) to correct the problems

Explain why you took (or would take) these steps


Practice Activities

Work in pairs:

1. Identify compliance issues in your own websites

Refer to your Quick Reference Guide

Use the worksheets on pages 35 and 36

2. Make at least one modification to bring an element into compliance

NOTE: Later today you will be creating an action plan for further changes to

your site. As you work, think about what those actions might be.


Module 10Double-A Conformance

Objectives


Explain the basic difference between Level A and Double-A conformance

Explain the meaning of each Double-A requirement

Explain how to implement Double-A requirements


Research Activity

Work in teams of five:

1. Research (40 min.) how to implement your three checkpoints

2. Prepare (15 min.) to present what you learned to the class

3. Present your findings to the class and answer questions (7 min.)

Meaning of checkpoints and how to implement them


Module 11 Practice - Double-A

Objectives


Describe Double-A issues you found on your websites

Describe how the items identified on the sites could be brought

into compliance


Team Challenge: Double-A Non-conformance

Work in teams of five:

1. Surf the Web for Double-A violations

2. Keep track of what you find

Number of violations What Priority 2 checkpoint is violated

3. You have 15 minutes!


Module 12Triple-A Conformance Issues

Objectives


Explain in general what is meant by Triple-A compliance

State several Triple-A requirements


Module 13Best Practices

Objectives


Describe several best practices adopted by the State of California IOUCA


Module 13Best Practices

In addition to the Section 508 and WCAG Double-A requirements adopted by the State of California, the following five best practices were approved:

9.c - Avoid using small images or text as links. [Ref: CA DOR #1]

12.a - Avoid using frames. [Ref: CA DOR #2 Based on WCAG 10]

18.c - If a downloadable document cannot be provided in an accessible

electronic format, provide information on how to request an alternate format.

[Ref: CA DOR #3]

19.a. - Provide contact information. [Ref: CA DOR #4]

20.a. - Test for accessibility. [Ref: CA DOR #5]


Module 13 Recap

The State of California has adopted five “Best Practices” in addition to the requirements of Section 508 1194.22 and WCAG Double-A requirements.


Module 14Content Redevelopment

Objectives


Explain why we don’t post documents

Name one example of a document conversion tool

Explain some of the issues related to Accessible JavaScript

Explain some of the issue related to Accessible Flash


Why Not to Post Documents

• MS Office documents are not natively accessible

Word, PowerPoint, etc.

• Presents usability problems (visitors must have MS Office)

• Conversion tools available

Convert Word & PowerPoint to “accessible HTML”


Accessible PDFs (1 of 2)

• PDF files are not inherently accessible

PDF viewer required

• Post PDFs only when necessary

When WYSIWYG documents are required

Forms intended for off-line submittal

Conversion to HTML represents constitutes “undue burden”

• Many PDF-to-HTML conversion tools available

Reference: www.webaim.org/techniques/acrobat


Accessible PDFs (2 of 2)

• When posting PDFs

Go back to original file (e.g., Word) and clean it up!

Create a tagged PDF file with appropriate accessibility markup

• Further Reading

Facts and opinions About PDF accessibility

http://alistapart.com/articles/pdf_accessibility:

PDF Accessibility

http://www.webaim.org/techniques/acrobat/converting.php:


Accessible JavaScript (1 of 2)

• Content and functionality must be made accessible to assistive technologies

Page must be fully navigable via the keyboard

• To make JavaScript accessible: Use object detection!

Use device-independent handlers

• .mouseover => .focus

• .mouseout => .blur


Accessible JavaScript (2 of 2)

• Do not modify or override normal browser functionality - causes confusion

• If native accessibility cannot be achieved, provide alternative content

• Page should “transform gracefully” if JavaScript is not present (or not fully present)


Flash

JK Rowling Site www.jkrowling.com features

Keyboard navigation

Accessibility menu

Ability to

• Enlarge text and other content

• Pause movement

• Turn off background sounds

Sound glossary

Adapts to presence of screen reader technology


Module 14 Recap

Content redevelopment for accessibility

Rationale

Tools and methods

Examples

MS Office

PDF

JavaScript

Flash


Module 15Resources

Objectives


Use the Web Accessibility Resources website created by Design Media

http://www.dor.ca.gov/webaccessibility

Find resources for XHTML and CSS

Find online resources for Section 508 and WCAG requirements


Module 16Summary

Objectives


List the key points of the training

Identify specific steps you will take to bring your websites into compliance


Key Points

• California has adopted accessibility standards for State websites

Section 508 §1194.22

WCAG Double-A

Five “Best Practices”

• WCAG Triple-A is an additional, higher standard

• XHTML and CCS are tools for standards-based markup

• Resources are available to help you make websites accessible

Online validation tools do not take the place of user community testing

and developer judgment

• Accessible design makes Web access easier for all users


Eating the Elephant

• Overwhelmed?

• Take Small Bites!

Start with XHTML & CSS

• The Elephant is Smaller Than You Think

• Working with Non-Compliant Templates

• Section 508, etc.

• Daily Practices


Your Individual Action Plan

• Describe what you will do to bring your websites into Section 508 compliance and WCAG 1.0 Double-A conformance

• Share your plans with your partner

state of california department of rehabilitation 2006 © welcome state of california

Documents

checkpoint slide

equivalent slide

requirement slide

b slide

conformance level

wcag level

complements section

checkpoints wcag