state of the art of foss4g for topology and network...
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State of the art of FOSS4G for topology and network analysis
Vincent Picavet FOSS4G 2010 - Barcelona
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Oslandia, who's that ?
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Oslandia
Young French SME specialised in Open Source GIS
PostGIS experts: Vincent Picavet & Olivier Courtin
Mainly Focuses on: - Spatial Databases (PostGIS, SpatiaLite) - OGC, ISO, INSPIRE Standards and SDI architecture - Complex analysis : Routing, Network and Graph Solutions
Oslandia's ecosystem:
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Oslandia's Technologies
3D GDAL GEOS
GRASS GraphServer INSPIRE MapServer
OGC PgRouting PostGIS
PostgreSQL Spatialite TinyOWS
TileCache PyWPS QGIS
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Oslandia, Find us at FOSS4G
Running long and complexes processes with PostGIS
Vincent Picavet, Wednesday - 12h00 – Sala 6
PostGIS meets the third dimension
Olivier Courtin, Wednesday - 12h30 – Sala 6
State of the Art of FOSS4G for Topology and Network Analysis
Vincent Picavet, Thursday – 14h30 – Sala 5
Breakout Session: Spatial DatabasesCode Sprint on Friday: PostGIS
Oslandia : Bronze Sponsor
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Presentation plan
g Introductiong What is topology ?g What is Network Analysis ?g FOSS4G for topology & NAg Conclusiong Perspectivesg Questions
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Introduction
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Back to the roots
g Problem of the seven bridges of Koenigsberg
g Topology and graph theory was born !
ei⋅1=0
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Not so long ago…
g 4 colors mapg «Given any separation of a plane into contiguous regions,
producing a figure called a map, no more than four colors are required to color the regions of the map so that no two adjacent regions have the same color»
g Conjecture in 1852 (Francis Guthrie)g Proof in 1976g First computer-assisted proofg GIS Problems lead to complex theoretical issues
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Nowadays GIS application fields
g Transportation networks at largeg Path finding & Routingg Network flowg Fleet managementg …
g Resource allocationg Crisis managementg Hydrologyg Computer networksg Geomarketingg Mobile applicationsg …
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What is topology ?
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Topology − General
General : g «Area of mathematics concerned with spatial properties
that are preserved under continuous deformations of objects»
g GIS : g «Spatial relationship between geographic features based
on location»g Implicit on maps : eye-brain system interprets itg Needs to be explicit for computer systemsg Relations
g Connectivity, Adjacency, Containment, Proximity, Relative Directions
g Rules based on relations
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Classic feature model
g aka «Spaghetti model»g 1-1 translation of analog mapg Line = series of ordered (x, y) pointsg Polygon = closed loops define boundariesg Different lines/Polygons = independent objectsg No explicit connectivity & neighbouring infog Simple and efficient
g Cartographic displayg Used by most CAD DB
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Why topology ?
g Insure correct boundariesg Enhance analysisg Insure data qualityg Topological editing and digitizingg Needed to do network analysis Get rid of the Spaghetti Monster !
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GIS Formats & topology
g Your very own topologyg Feature-attribute basedg Use relations and create rules
g Classic topology modelg Node, arc/edge, faceg Connectivity, Direction,
Adjacency
g Most GIS data format → no topologyg Except : ArcInfo Coverage, TIGER, DLG, OSM (partly)…
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From spaghettis to topological zen
g Multiple ways to build topology from geometryg Build your own model or use a standard oneg Classic build process steps
g Extract all shared vertices as nodesg Create edges between nodes
( lines & polygon boundaries)g Create faces with edges ( polygons)
g Data cleaningg Automaticg Semi automaticg Manual
Clean & Validatewith topology rules
Spaghettimess
TopologicalZen data
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Standardization
g Main standard, DB-oriented :g BS ISO/IEC 13249-3:2006 aka SQL/MM
g Defines model and operationsg Node-edge-face model, with geometry
g ST_NODE, ST_EDGE, ST_FACE viewsg ST_CreateTopoGeo, ST_ValidateTopoGeog Editing functionsg Topology-network model and operations
g Creation, validation, editingg Shortest Path
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What is Network Analysis ?
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Graph Theory − Network theory
g Graph Theory :g «Study of graphs: mathematical structures used to model
pairwise relations between objects from a certain collection.»
g Networksg Nodes & Edgesg Directed / Undirectedg Weighted or notg Definition varies…
g Social Networks, Biology, Link analysis, centrality measures…
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Some network analysis problems
g Enumerationg Sub-graphsg Colouringg Routing
g Minimum spanning treeg Route inspection problemg Shortest path problemg Steiner treeg Travelling salesman problem
g Network flowg Visibility graphg Covering problemsg Graph classes
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FOSS4G Tools
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FOSS4G Softwares
g PostGISg PgRoutingg GvSIGg GraphServerg Spatialiteg GRASS
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PostGIS
g SQL/MM Topology Modelg Partial implementation
g No network analysisg Node-Edge-Faceg Create, Validateg Raw edit g SQL/MM interface for editing, Geo/topo operations
SELECT topology.CreateTopology(name, [srid], [tolerance [srid]], [tolerance]);SELECT * FROM topology.ValidateTopology(name) ; -- topology validation
INSERT INTO mytopology.edge … ;INSERT INTO mytopology.face … ;INSERT INTO mytopology.node … ;SELECT ST_AddIsoNode(…) ;SELECT ST_ChangeEdgeGeom(…);
SELECT topology.Geometry(TopoGeometry) ; -- get geometry from topology objectSELECT topology.DropTopology(name) ;
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PgRouting
g PostGIS Pluging Own network modelg Shortest pathg Driving distancesg Travelling Salesman Problemg Algorithms
g Dijkstrag A*g Shooting star (with restrictions)
g Network building tool & OSM import toolSELECT * FROM shortest_path_astar('SELECT gid AS id, source::int4, target::int4, length::double precision AS cost, x1, y1, x2, y2 FROM dourol' , 3, 7, false, false);
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GvSIG − Topology extension
g Full topology managementg Multi-Layer topology builderg Set of topology rules system
g Complex parameterized rulesg Multi-layer rules
g Topology validation & partial validationg Topological digitizingg Topology exceptions managementg Automated, semi-automated and manual cleaningg Full GUI
g Native GvSIG integrationg Geoprocessing
g generalization, Voronoi, Poly2lines, clean, translate…
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GvSIG − Network extension
g Network Analysisg Topology builder
g Save / reload function (specific format)g Interactive GUI for network managementg Algorithms
g Shortest pathg Connectivityg Minimal spanning treeg Origin/destination matrixg Finding providers for eventsg Service zone
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GvSIG − Network extension
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GraphServer
g Standalone routing serverg Algorithms
g Shortest path (Fast Dijkstra implementation)g Driving distances
g Focus on multimodal and GTFS data integrationg OSM import toolg HTTP interfaceg Highly customizable
g C coreg Python libraryg Hooks to use as a framework
g Own SQLite data formatg Used in production(Trimet, MapQuest…)
g
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Spatialite
g SQLite-based embedded spatial database frameworkg Routing functionalitiesg SQL interfaceg Network building tools (with GUI)g Query GUI
g integrated with Spatialite GUIg Algorithm
g Shortest path (Dijkstra)
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Spatialite
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GRASSg Native N-E-F topology
g Built automaticallyg Supports digitizingg Cleaning module & network maintenance (v.clean, v.net)
g Graph & network analysis modulesg Through DGLib (Directed Graph Library)g Algorithms
g Shortest path ( v.net.path, d.path, v.net.timtable )g TSP ( v.net.salesman )g Resources allocation ( v.net.alloc )g Minimum Steiner trees ( v.net.steiner )g Iso-distances ( v.net.iso )g Connectivity ( v.net.connectivity )
g Grass GUIg Scriptable
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Frameworks
g Boost Graph Libraryg Parallel Boost Graph Libraryg R - igraph
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BGL & PBGL
g Boost Graph Libraryg «standard» C++ libraryg High quality & highly customizableg Efficient algorithms
g Implementsg Shortest Path (Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, Johnson)g Minimum Spanning Tree (Kruskal, Prims)g Connected components (& strongly & dynamic)g Sorting & orderingg Colouringg Transpose
g Parallel BGLg Distributed storage and algorithmsg Research platformg
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R - igraph
g Statistics frameworkg igraph : simple graphs and network analysisg Graph generationg Graph manipulationg Visualizationg Algorithms
g Shortest pathg Minimum Spanning Treeg Connectivityg Structural propertiesg …
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Visualization softwares
g Graph visualization is a problem on its owng Lots of R&D efforts in this fieldg Some OpenSource tools :
g Tulipg Processingg Graphviz
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What's best for you − Topology ?
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What's best for you − Network Analysis
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Perspectives and issuesg Huge volumes
g Global earth transportation networkg Multimodalg Time dimension
g Parallel processingg Live data
g Near-realtime updatesg Interoperability
g Conversion toolg Smooth integration between GIS and large network
analysis tools
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That's all folks !
Want to know more ?Ask now or write to :
Vincent [email protected]
www.oslandia.com