state of the dtv & hdtv transition on the cbs /cw tv networks 02 /20 / 2008
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State of the DTV & HDTV Transition on the CBS /CW TV Networks 02 /20 / 2008. Robert P. Seidel CBS Television Network V.P. Engineering & Technology. February 17, 2009 Deadline. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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State of the DTV & HDTV Transition
on the CBS /CW TV Networks02 /20 / 2008
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Robert P. Seidel
CBS Television Network
V.P. Engineering & Technology
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February 17, 2009 Deadline
On February 17, 2009 the U.S. Government has mandated that the NTSC standard definition analog service be turned off.
In preparing for this transition, CBS will stop distributing a standard definition satellite signal to our 207 affiliates in Sept. 2008.
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Ghost Whisperer
CSI: Miami
CBS HDTV PRIME TIME 2007/2008
7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:307:00
60 Minutes
tuesday
sunday
monday
saturday
wednesday
thursday
friday
How I Met Your Mother
Two &a Half Men
Hack
Crime Time Saturday
CSI
NCIS
Moonlight
Simulcast in HDTV
Without a TraceSurvivor
CSI:NY
Numb3rs
Cold Case
48 Hours
Criminal Minds
Crime Time Saturday
Simulcast in HDTV &5.1 Surround Sound
Cane
Rules of Engagement
Dexter
Jericho
The Big Bang Theory
The Unit
Kid Nation
Big Brother
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WWE Friday Night SmackDown (HDTV in Jan 2008)
America’s Next TopModel
CW HDTV PRIME TIME 2007/2008
7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:007:00
tuesday
sunday
monday
wednesday
thursday
friday
Beauty and the Geek
Simulcast in HDTV
Gossip Girls
Everybody Hates Chris
Aliens in America
Girlfriends The Game
Life is Wild
Reaper
America’s Next TopModel
Smallville Supernatural
Online NationCW Now
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CBS HDTV Sports Programming
US Tennis Open. College NCAA Football every Saturday. All NFL Football games on Sunday. All College Basketball including all 64
teams at the start of “March Madness” and NCAA Final Four Basketball in 5.1
The Masters Golf Tournament in 5.1 and the PGA coverage in the summer.
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CBS HDTV Programming In June 2001 CBS announced, “The
Young and The Restless”, the number one daytime drama.
The Late Show with David Letterman Sept 2005.
CBS Owned & Operated station in NY, LA and Philadelphia are producing all of their local news in HD.
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Future CBS HDTV Programming
The Price is Right Game show. The CBS Evening News with Katie Couric. The CBS Morning News - The Early Show. 60 Minutes news magazine. In addition to Wheel of Fortune and
Jeopardy; Programs to be Syndicated by CBS/King World to local TV stations: Everybody Loves Raymond CSI CSI NY Entertainment Tonight/ Insider
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CBS HDTV Programming 2003-2008 Grammys in HDTV and 5.1
Surround Sound with over 800 individual audio sources.
On average, 40 hours per week of original HD programming, increasing to 60 hrs.
Daytime programming, Primetime, Sports, Movies and Specials.
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Audio Loudness in the Digital Television System
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LM-100 Readings with All Channels Active for Primetime Thursday 03/29/07 (8-11 PM)
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
8:00:00 PM 8:15:00 PM 8:30:00 PM 8:45:00 PM 9:00:00 PM 9:15:00 PM 9:30:00 PM 9:45:00 PM 10:00:00 PM 10:15:00 PM 10:30:00 PM 10:45:00 PM 11:00:00 PM
Samples every 10 seconds
Sum
med
pow
er in
dB
Pgm
Avg Pgm
Commercilas
- 23.5 dBAvg Com Level
σ = - 20.8 dB
σ = -26.2 dB
N=1071 samples
Avg Pgm Level = - 22.7 dBAvg Pgm- Com diff = + 0.8 dB
Avg Pgm Level = - 29.4 dBAvg Pgm- Com diff = - 5.9 dB
Avg Pgm Level = -25.5 dBAvg Pgm- Com diff = -1.9 dB
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LM-100 Readings with All Channels Active
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
9:30:33 PM 9:31:16 PM 9:31:59 PM 9:32:43 PM 9:33:26 PM 9:34:09 PM 9:34:52 PM
Samples every 10 seconds
Sum
med
pow
er in
dB
Pgm
Avg Pgm
Commercials
Avg Com Level- 22.6 dB
N= 28 samples
Commercial
Avg Pgm = -22 dBPgm- Com diff = 0.6 dB
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Program Dial NormalizationProgram Program Program Program
A B C D A B C D A B C DComm Comm Comm
Dial Norm Program Loudness
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Program Dial Normalization
Program Program Program ProgramA B C D A B C D A B C DComm Comm Comm
Dial Norm Program Loudness
Program ProgramA B C D
Pre-break loudness
Comm
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Comfort Zone +2.5 dB to -5.5 dB normal listen level.
When the loudness falls outside the comfort zone, the viewer reaches for the remote.
Normal Listen Loudness}+2.5 dB
}-5.5 dB
}
}Too Soft
Too Loud
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Program Dialnorm Applied to Program Individual Commercial Dialnorm Applied to Commercials
-20-15-10-50510
Loudness Excursion Exceed CZ
Commercial Pod
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{
Program Dialnorm Applied to Program
Viewer Adjustment and Individual Commercial Dialnorm Applied to Commercials
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Loudness Excursion Exceed CZ
Viewer adjusts volume to remain in the comfort zone
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21.5%32.7%45.8%Percent
107233549
16277Sunday
12345Saturday
15546Friday
16664Thursday
163211Wednesday
15258Tuesday
17278Monday
TotalFailedNo BenefitImprovedDay
Effectiveness of Dial Normalizing programs and all commercials
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809 HD CommercialsCommercial Loudness Data
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
8:49:00 AM 10:01:00 AM 11:13:00 AM 12:25:00 PM 1:37:00 PM 2:49:00 PM
Time
Lo
ud
nes
s in
dB
FS
Target Loudness= -24dBFS
Average Loudness= -18dBFS
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Loudness Histogram809 Commercials Average Loudness Distribution
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
-31 -30 -29 -28 -27 -26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9
ITU BS-1770 Loudness (dBFS) with all 5 channels
Sa
mp
les
(N
=8
09
)
Target Loudness
Comfort Zone
+2.5dB-5.5dB
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Commercials after Loudness Control
Commercial Loudness Data(1/31/2008)
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10:45:40 AM 11:00:04 AM 11:14:28 AM 11:28:52 AM 11:43:16 AM 11:57:40 AM 12:12:04 PM 12:26:28 PM 12:40:52 PM
Time
Lo
ud
ne
ss
in
dB
FS
Target Loudness= -24dBFS
Average Loudness= -24.2 dBFS
N = 673 Samples
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Loudness Histogram after ControllerCommercial Loudness Distribution every 10 seconds
0
50
100
150
200
250
-31 -30 -29 -28 -27 -26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9
Loudness (dBFS)
Sa
mp
les
(N
=6
73
)
Target Loudness
Comfort Zone
+2.5dB-5.5dB
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Conclusions & Recommendations
Don’t author Dialogue Normalization values for each piece of content, because it’s an operational nightmare.
Standardize the mixing room sound pressure level. ( 75 dB ?)
If commercials exceed a loudness value of -24 dB, then they should be rejected or process the commercial with a Loudness controller.
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Conclusions & Recommendations
Measuring & authoring Dialogue Normalization over the length of a program is an ineffective method for controlling loudness. Long term averaging does not address short term variations that occur when interstitial material is inserted.
Since Dialogue Normalization has no effect or is ineffective 54% of the time, disable it by setting a value of 31 ( 0 attn in the home). Use traditional dynamic range control devices to manage loudness with attack times in msec.
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LM-100 Loudness per ITU-R BS-1770 with All Channels Active K_ _ _ -DT 11/19/2007)
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
8:00:13 PM 8:07:25 PM 8:14:37 PM 8:21:49 PM 8:29:01 PM
Samples every 10 seconds
Sum
med
pow
er in
dB -24.3 dB Avg Pgm
σ = - 23.6 dB
σ = -25.1 dB
N=176 samples
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K_ _ _ Loudness Histogram per ITU-R BS.1770
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-31 -30 -29 -28 -27 -26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9
Loudness in dBFS
Sam
ples
( N
=200
)
Target Loudness
Comfort Zone
+2.5dB-5.5dB
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Remaining Challenges Complete the ENG microwave conversion
in association with the Nextel digital radio exchange program, so that “live shots” will be in HD.
Transition SNG to MPEG4 so that satellite News Gathering is in HD.
Educate the production community that they must protect the 4 x 3 center cut for safe action and title of the HD signal to ensure that 100% of their audience receives the essential content.
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Thank You
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