States of ConsciousnessStates of Consciousness

Dream InterpretationDream Interpretation

Ego Ego –– Superego Superego -- IdId

The CrucibleThe Crucible

�� Gather specific evidence to support your Gather specific evidence to support your charactercharacter’’s being interpreted as his/her s being interpreted as his/her assigned personality component.assigned personality component.

�� At least five (5) DETAILED examples must At least five (5) DETAILED examples must be presented.be presented.�� Abigail WilliamsAbigail Williams -- IDID�� Elizabeth ProctorElizabeth Proctor -- SuperegoSuperego�� John ProctorJohn Proctor -- EgoEgo

The Crucible Class Work

�� Complete a small poster profiling your Complete a small poster profiling your character thatcharacter that interprets his/her assigned interprets his/her assigned personality component.personality component.

�� Your poster must include:Your poster must include:�� Picture of characterPicture of character�� Drawing of the idDrawing of the id--egoego--superego icebergsuperego iceberg�� 33--5 detailed examples of how they exhibit that 5 detailed examples of how they exhibit that

component of consciousness as described by component of consciousness as described by Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Witches and PossessionWitches and Possession�� Elizabeth KnappElizabeth Knapp

�� 16711671--1672 a 16 year old girl living as a servant in the house hold 1672 a 16 year old girl living as a servant in the house hold of reverend Samuel Willard, claimed to be possessed by the of reverend Samuel Willard, claimed to be possessed by the devil.devil.

�� Doctors were called in, no natural causes were found.Doctors were called in, no natural causes were found.�� She made animal noises, spoke in a deep demonic voice and She made animal noises, spoke in a deep demonic voice and

had fits and seizures lasting for hours or dayshad fits and seizures lasting for hours or days�� No one was ever accused or executed for witchcraftNo one was ever accused or executed for witchcraft�� Young girls at this point in time had no standing in the Young girls at this point in time had no standing in the

communitycommunity�� Elizabeth became well known in the community and people Elizabeth became well known in the community and people

would come over to the Willard house to verbally would come over to the Willard house to verbally ““sparspar”” with her with her possessor.possessor.

�� Her symptoms stopped being recorded in January of 1672 and Her symptoms stopped being recorded in January of 1672 and no more mention of them can be found. sno more mention of them can be found. s

Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials

�� Puritan New England : create a more Puritan New England : create a more ““purepure”” version of the church of England.version of the church of England.

�� Theology: you cannot know if you are Theology: you cannot know if you are going to heaven for sure, and if you thick going to heaven for sure, and if you thick you are you probably arenyou are you probably aren’’t. Salvation t. Salvation was achieved by faith alone not by works.was achieved by faith alone not by works.

�� Puritans favored diaries in order to be Puritans favored diaries in order to be introspective.introspective.

SalemSalem

�� Grazing and property disputes.Grazing and property disputes.�� Population was seen as Population was seen as ““quarrelsomequarrelsome”” by by

nearby communities.nearby communities.�� Salem Village Salem Village –– Salem Town: conflictSalem Town: conflict�� Putnam Putnam –– Porter feud: peoples disputes Porter feud: peoples disputes

would often escalate into full fledged would often escalate into full fledged fighting solely based on their opinions fighting solely based on their opinions about it. (wikipedia)about it. (wikipedia)

The WitchcraftThe Witchcraft�� Winter 1692Winter 1692�� Betty Parris (9) and Abigail Williams (11)Betty Parris (9) and Abigail Williams (11)

�� Began to have fitsBegan to have fits�� Other girls began to have similar symptomsOther girls began to have similar symptoms�� Began to accuse peopleBegan to accuse people�� Accusers and accused seemed to be from opposite sides of the Accusers and accused seemed to be from opposite sides of the

Putnam Putnam –– Porter feud.Porter feud.�� 19 hanged one pressed to death19 hanged one pressed to death�� Over 150 persons were accusedOver 150 persons were accused�� After Mary (Spencer) Phips After Mary (Spencer) Phips —— wife of Massachusetts Governor wife of Massachusetts Governor

William Phips was accused the Governor forbade William Phips was accused the Governor forbade ““spectralspectral””evidence be allowed, then prohibited more arrests, and evidence be allowed, then prohibited more arrests, and eventually dissolved the court.eventually dissolved the court.

Why did it happen?Why did it happen?� Girl’s were caught playing a “questionable”

game in the Parris household by Reverend Parris. And placed blame on others to avoid punishment.

� The girls really thought they were being attacked. – Stress, panic attacks, placebo effect, rashes, high blood pressure, hindsight bias.

� Physical ailments� Ergot – fungus from grain (damp fall)

• Convulsions, seizures, hallucinations• Women and children are more susceptible

� Encephalitis – carried by mosquitoes• Fever, headaches, confusion

Why did it happen?Why did it happen?

� Started out as a game for some of the most powerless and lowest standing members in the community (young girls) to gain attention� it got out of hand � adults pressured the girls to tell who was

tormenting them.� Mary Warren said they had been making it up

when it looked as if someone would hang, but the other girls turned on her so she recanted.

Why did it happen?Why did it happen?

� Political conspiracy� Feud between Putnams and Porters� Arguing over the merging of Salem Village

and Salem Town� Almost all the afflicted girls were from families

connected to the Putnams� Reverend Parris was supported by the

Putnams but the Porters were against him

AftermathAftermath�� Ann Putnam confessed in 1706 that she had accused Ann Putnam confessed in 1706 that she had accused

people people ““whom now I have just grounds and good reason whom now I have just grounds and good reason to believe they were innocent persons.to believe they were innocent persons.””

�� 1711 the Massachusetts General Court reversed the 1711 the Massachusetts General Court reversed the judgments of 22 persons and gave financial restitution to judgments of 22 persons and gave financial restitution to their families.their families.

�� Museum of Unnatural History Museum of Unnatural History �� http://www.unmuseum.org/salemwitch1.htmhttp://www.unmuseum.org/salemwitch1.htm

�� The History ChannelThe History Channel�� http://www.history.com/topics/salemhttp://www.history.com/topics/salem--witchwitch--trialstrials

�� WikipediaWikipedia�� http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem_witch_trialsen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem_witch_trials

�� Salem Witch MuseumSalem Witch Museum�� http://http://www.salemwitchmuseum.comwww.salemwitchmuseum.com/education//education/

Dream Interpretation: Part I

1. Freud sees dream as VALUABLE because they can help us to unlock the hidden secrets of our minds.

2. Manifest- actual storyline of a dream, latent- underlying meaning of the dream

3. We dream because the Id is trying to fulfill its wishes / desires

4. The latent content is symbolic and therefore can be weird and confusing

Dream Interpretation

5. To determine the meaning of symbols in your dreams you need to understand your personal association with those symbols. This can be difficult to do.

6. Lisa is stressed about test taking.a) Taking a hard testb) Succumbs to cheatingc) Snakes in desk, caught by the teacherd) Floor drops away, floating in the ocean

Dream Interpretation: Part II

1. Activation-Synthesis Theory: Hobson and McCarley

a) Dreams are random events caused by a firing of neurons in the brain.

b) They reflect past memories, hopes and desires

2. Dreams are weird and confusing because our brains are trying to make sense of the random activation of memory neurons

Dream Interpretation: Part II3. Activation-Synthesis Theory:

• Dreams are a reflection of our past memories, fears, hopes, and desires

4. Activation- random activation of neurons Synthesis- we try to interpret the info

5. What story do our words tell?6. Lisa is stressed about test taking.

a) Taking a hard testb) Succumbs to cheatingc) Snakes in desk, caught by the teacherd) Floor drops away, floating in the ocean

Dream Interpretation: Part III

1. Information Processing: allows people to review and address problems we faced in waking life

2. Dreams allow us to rehearse experiences in our sleep so we remember them better

3. We don’t censor ideas that could create new solutions so even the most bizarre thoughts and ideas creep in.

Dream Interpretation: Part III

4. How have dreams helped you to solve problems?

5. Lisa is stressed about test taking.a) Taking a hard testb) Succumbs to cheatingc) Snakes in desk, caught by the teacherd) Floor drops away, floating in the ocean