states of india - msmetfc.in mushroom cultivation ; ... 5.9 production of less dust chalk using...

Selected CSIR Technologies

Focusing

STATES OF INDIA

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)

New Delhi

January 2010

Innovation for Quality with Affordability

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CONTENTS

S. No. Area / Technology Page No.

1. Affordable Health

1.1 Amperometric Digital Biosensor 1 1.2 An Herbal Extract for the Treatment of Prostate Diseases 2 1.3 Anti−Scratch Coatings on Plastic Ophthalmic Lenses and

Sheets using Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Nanocomposites 3

1.4 Arteether (α/β): A New Drug for Drug Resistant & Cerebral Malaria

4

1.5 Artemether: Blood Schizontocidal Antimalarial 5 1.6 Centchroman: Oral Contraceptive for Female 6 1.7 Collagen Based Biomaterials for Dermal Wound Care and

Pain Reduction 7

1.8 Fructo-Oligo-Saccharides 8 1.9 Mannitol 9 1.10 Natural Streptokinase 10 1.11 Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Method for Simultaneous

Determination of total Hemoglobin and Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1c Meter)

11

1.12 Portable Pulse Oximeter 12 1.13 Production of Nanosized Hydroxyapatite Powder 13 1.14 Recombinant Streptokinase 14

2. Building and Construction

2.1 EPS Door Shutters 15 2.2 High Performance Bitumen Binders 16 2.3 High Performance Polymer Modified Bitumen 17 2.4 High Volume Flux Bonded Fly Ash Ceramic Technology for

Building Components 18

2.5 Instant House for Disaster Victims 19 2.6 Semi-Mechanised Brick Making Machine 20 2.7 Technology for Anti-Corrosive Coatings 21 2.8 Vertical Shaft Kiln-Mini Cement Plant for Cement

Manufacture 22

3. Chemicals and Associated Products

3.1 Aluminium Alloy Anodes 23 3.2 Bio-Heap Leaching of Low Grade Copper from Lean

Sulphide Ore 24

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3.3 Catalytic Coating Technology for Anodes 25 3.4 Catalytic Coating Technology for Cathodes 26 3.5 Flow Improver 27 3.6 Formaldehyde free Synthetic Tanning Agent 28 3.7 Kojic acid production 29 3.8 Merchant Grade Phosphoric Acid (Conversion of Fe3+ to

Fe2+) 30

3.9 Nano Rare Earth Oxides and Phosphates 31 3.10 Pesticides : Phosphamidon and Quinalphos 32 3.11 Pre-stressed Concrete Monoblock Broad Gauge Railway

Sleepers 33

3.12 Recovery of Chromite Values from Low Grade Chromite Ores & Tailings of Chromite Beneficiation Plant

34

3.13 Synthetic Tanning Agents: Alutan and Alcrotan 35 3.14 Ultrapure Solar Salt 36

4. Cultivation and Processing of Economic Plants

4.1 A New Carvone Rich Mentha Longifolia 37 4.2 Agrotechnology of Gladiolus 38 4.3 Ashwagandha Variety, CSIR NMITLI-118 39 4.4 High Menthofuran and Pulegone Containing Genotype of

Mentha Piperita ‘CIM-Indus’ 40

4.5 Improved Agrotechnology and Plant Variety ‘CIM-Arogya’ for Production of Antimalarial Drug Plant Artemisia annua

41

4.6 Improved Agrotechnology and Plant Variety ‘Kosi’ for Production of Menthol Mint Oil

42

4.7 Insect resistant Bt-cotton technology 43 4.8 Java Citronella 44 4.9 Mushroom Cultivation 45 4.10 Plant growth promoting microbial inoculants 46 4.11 Seawater-based Indigenous Potash Technology 47 4.12 Sweet Smelling Peppermint Genotype ‘CIM-Madhuras’ 48

5. Drinking Water

5.1 Animal Powered Device for Brackish Water Desalination 49 5.2 Chemo-defluoridation process with unit for removal of

excess Fluoride from Water 50

5.3 Development of Cost Effective Mine Water Reclamation Technology for Providing Safe Drinking Water

51

5.4 Electrochemical Defluoridation of Drinking Water 52 5.5 Instrumented RO Plant 53

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5.6 Membrane Technologies (Ultra-Filtration and Thin Film Composite Reverse Osmosis Membrane) for Desalination and Water Purification

54

5.7 NEERI-ZAR 55 5.8 Phytorid Wastewater Treatment 56 5.9 Production of Less Dust Chalk Using Calcium Carbonate 57 5.10 Removal of Arsenic and Iron from Ground Water by Ceramic

Membrane 58

5.11 TERAFIL Water Purification Technology 59

6. Information and Communication Technologies

6.1 Computer Design Packages of Structural Elements 60 6.2 Computer-aided Analysis and Design of Ships and Ship

Structures 61

6.3 Database Management System for Integrated Control of Bancroftian Filariasis

62

6.4 Forecast Model for Control of Vector Borne Diseases 63 6.5 Multi-scale, Multi-model Forecast Platform for Monsoon and

Crop Yield 64

6.6 Samadhan Kendra 65

7. Energy

7.1 Cement Polymer Composite Coating System 66 7.2 Clean Bioprocess for Quality Coir Fibre Production & Energy

Recovery 67

7.3 Energy Efficient Multi-fuel and Biomass Cook Stoves 68 7.4 Fuel Efficient Domestic Cooking and Lighting Appliances 69 7.5 NALSUN – Cost-Effective Solar Coating for Solar Thermal

Applications 70

7.6 Salicornia Oil 71 7.7 Self Sustained 1 Kw Polymer Electrolyte Portable Fuel Cell

System 72

7.8 Solar Pond Power Plant 73 7.9 Solar Powered Electric Motor Assisted Rickshaw

(SOLECKSHAW) 74

8. Environment Related Technologies

8.1 Atmospheric CO2 Measurement and Modeling 75 8.2 Autonomous Underwater Vehicle 76 8.3 Autonomous Vertical Profiler 77 8.4 Biodiesel from Jatropha Curcus (Ratanjyot) Seeds 78 8.5 Chemo Autotrophic Activated Carbon Oxidation (CAACO) 79

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for Treatment of Wastewater 8.6 Fenton Activated Carbon Catalytic Oxidation (FACCO) for

the treatment of Wastewater Containing Refractory COD and High TDS

80

8.7 Herbal Dry Colours (Herbal Holi Gulal) and Herbal Colours for Rangoli

81

8.8 Plastic Waste Sorting System for Recycling of PET Materials 82 8.9 Pollution free Lime Kiln 83 8.10 Wood Substitute Products from Industrial Wastes 84

9. Food and Agro Based Products

9.1 Chilli Processing Plant 85 9.2 Cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed 86 9.3 Energy Food 87 9.4 Extraction of Palm Oil from Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches 88 9.5 Gluconate salts of Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Ca, Na and Ba 89 9.6 Grain Moisture Meter 90 9.7 Improved Design for Jaggery Furnace 91 9.8 Iodine Value Meter 92 9.9 Low-cost Fish Feed Based on Agro by-product & Food

Industry Wastes 93

9.10 Oil Spectrophotometer 94 9.11 Protein Biscuits 95 9.12 Rice Bran Oil 96 9.13 Spirulina 97 9.14 White Pepper Production From Green and Black Pepper 98 9.15 X-ray Imaging based Mango Sorting System 99

10. Science Communication

10.1 Science Journals and Magazines 100

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1.1 Amperometric Digital Biosensor

Laboratory CSIR - National Physical Laboratory (NPL)

Brief Profile First Amperometric Digital Biosensor ever developed in India. It is a measurement and monitoring system that uses a biomolecule, as a part of a transducer that specifically transforms a biochemical reaction relating to concentration of an analyte of a sample into an analytical signal.

Returns / Benefit

Self testing result in 40 seconds; Portable; Measurement in mg/dl with widest range (40-600 mg/dl); Low cost (Rs 10 per test); Annual Turnover: Rs 5-6 crore.

Validation level

Real life.

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1.2 An Herbal Extract for the Treatment of Prostate Diseases

Laboratory CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB)

Brief Profile A new pharmaceutical composition useful for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia with a possibility to treat prostrate cancer. The extract is taken from the leaves or any other plant part of Murraya koenigii and Tribulus terrestris. The method of bioactive extraction and further processing is very simple and inexpensive.

Returns / Benefit

Cost effective treatment.

Validation level

Real Life.

IPR Status Patented in India and abroad. The technology has been licensed.

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1.3 Anti−Scratch Coatings on Plastic Ophthalmic Lenses and Sheets using Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Nanocomposites

Laboratory CSIR - Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI)

Brief Profile This nanotechnology based process has been developed for making thermally curable sols (lacquers) for applying optically clear anti-scratch coatings on plastic (CR-39®, PC, PMMA etc.) ophthalmic lenses, sheets and other shapes by dip-coating technique. The coatings can be cured at 90-95°C. Main advantages of the coatings are: • Higher shelf life (> 30 days at room temperature and >100 days in

refrigerator (5±1°C) in closed condition); • refractive index of the coatings can be varied from 1.48 – 1.54; and • coating can be done on complicated shapes (e.g. bifocal D- or O-

shaped lenses) & previously tinted plastic ophthalmic lenses.

Investment required

About Rs. 20 lakh for coating 1000 lenses/ day.

Returns / Benefit

Using this process about 1.5-2 µm thick coating itself provides excellent hardness and other qualities as per international standards as compared with 5–6 µm thick coatings (made using imported sol). As result a price get reduced to about one third in comparison to the imported lacquers.

Validation level

Real life.

IPR Status Patented in India.

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1.4 Arteether (α/β): A New Drug for Drug Resistant & Cerebral Malaria

Laboratory CSIR – Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI)

Brief Profile Arteether (α/β) is more effective than β Arteether developed by WHO for the treatment of malaria patients. Clinical trials have shown 84 to 100 per cent cure with 3 dose Intramuscular (IM) injection. Compared to other artimisinin derivatives, arteether show exceptional safety as judged by high LD50 dose in mice (> 1250 mg/.kg.) which makes the better therapeutic index of the drug. The drug is suitable even in severe malaria cases including cerebral malaria for multi drug as a second line of treatment in resistant malaria, complicated malaria due to P. falciparum.

Investment required

Estimated investment for an operational limit plant of 10 TPA is around Rs. 2.5-3.0 million.

Returns / Benefit

Cost effective Drug.

Validation level Real life.

IPR Status Patented in US and India.

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1.5 Artemether: Blood Schizontocidal Antimalarial

Laboratory CSIR – Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI)

Brief Profile It is a fast acting, blood schizontocidal agent which attacks at the erythrocytics stage of malaria in blood. This is suitable in severe malaria cases including cerebral malaria as a second line of treatment for multi drug resistant malaria and complicated malaria due to P. falciparum.

Investment required

Estimated investment for a operational limit plant of 10 TPA is around Rs. 2.5 - 3.0 million.

Returns / Benefit

Cost effective Drug.



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1.6 Centchroman: Oral Contraceptive for Female

Laboratory CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI)

Brief Profile First non-steroidal oral contraceptive pill developed in the world. A safe contraceptive effective in weekly dose. No environmental health & safety hazard. Technologically competitive and economic process operation.

Investment required

Estimated investment for a battery limit plant of 10 TPA is around Rs. 80 million.

Returns / Benefit

Safe and cost effective.

Validation level Real life, Commercialized.

IPR Status Patented in UK, Belgium, US and India.

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1.7 Collagen Based Biomaterials for Dermal Wound Care and Pain Reduction

Laboratory CSIR – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)

Brief Profile First of its kind in India, the collagen based biomaterials developed are suitable for wound care and pain reduction at a very competitive and affordable price. These are natural, non-immunogenic, non-pyrogenic, sterile, temporary biological skin covers with bacterial barrier properties for burns, open raw wounds and other skin complications with shelf life 2-5 years. Compared to other conventional dressing, collagen based wound dressings provide many benefits, the important ones are: faster recovery, single application, immediate pain relief, less likelihood of complications, less time and efforts for the doctor and paramedical staff, reduced need of fluids/electrolytes/albumins lost from the wound, the barrier protection from the infection at wound site, non-purchase of multiple antibiotics and saving in the cost of analgesics.

Investment required

Total amount: Rs. 2.5 to 3.0 crore (including the cost of building (3,500 sq.ft), Infrastructure development, electricity and water supply and equipments).

Returns / Benefit

Gross return per annum ~ 20-25 %. Total Capital Investment could be regained within 4-5 years.

Validation level

Bench scale. Collagen based wound care products are marketed by three Indian companies and one company in Malaysia.

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1.8 Fructo-Oligo-Saccharides

Laboratory CSIR – Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI)

Brief Profile These Oligosaccharides possesses several beneficial properties. They are low molecular weight carbohydrates that have great potential to improve the functional quality of many foods. It is water soluble and mildly sweet, so used as alternative sweetener.

Investment required

For production unit of 300 MT/ annum: About Rs. 1.9 crore.

Returns / Benefit

Breakeven point: 60% of capacity utilization. Payback period: 3 years.

Validation level

Real Life.


Fructo-Oligo-Saccharides

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1.9 Mannitol

Laboratory CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)

Brief Profile A method has been developed for production of Mannitol, which is a six-carbon sugar alcohol or polyol and derived from sugar by reduction. Mannitol plays several roles in fungi as carbohydrate reserve, as translocatory compounds, as an osmoregulatory compound as in coenzyme regulation, storage or reducing power and has been also shown to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mannitol is a valuable nutritive sweetener because it is non-toxic, non-hygroscopic in its crystalline form and has no teeth decaying effects. Mannitol does not induce hyperglycemia, which makes it useful for diabetics. It is used for following applications:

• as a sweet builder in sugar free chewing gum and in pharmaceutical preparations;

• treatment of head injury to decrease cerebral edema and intracranial pressure; and

• treatment of food poisoning cases.

Investment required

About Rs. 1 lakh for 00g of Mannitol.

Returns / Benefit

Economical production of mannitol.

Validation level

Lab scale.

IPR Status Patented abroad.

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1.10 Natural Streptokinase

Laboratory CSIR - Institute of Microbial Technology (IMT)

Brief Profile The know-how developed for producing natural streptokinase is a simple two-step process which gives high yield in extremely cost effective manner. Streptokinase (SK), a clot dissolving protein of bacterial origin, is a drug used world-wide for the treatment of diverse circulatory disorders, especially myocardial infarction (M.I.). The unique feature of SK is its plasminogen (Pg) activation mechanism that is unlike urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator, which are enzymes & directly act on blood Pg. Streptokinase, being an effective and cheaper drug in comparison to the other clot dissolving proteins has a good demand in third world nations. In addition, in case of Europe, where national health schemes prefer economically priced drug choices, SK continues increasingly favoured over expensive counter part drugs like TPA.

Returns / Benefit

It has huge price competitive advantage over the other imported drugs available and introduction of this drug has brought down the market price of streptokinase by over 50 percent.

Validation level

Real life.

IPR Status Patented and licensed.

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1.11 Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Method for Simultaneous Determination of total Hemoglobin and Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1c Meter)

Laboratory CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI)

Brief Profile A novel sensor based on non-enzymatic electrochemical analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a blood sample as ‘one shot analysis’ has been developed for the first time. HbA1c is an extremely important blood component amenable for long-term control of diabetes mellitus unlike estimation of glucose wherein one gets only information of blood sugar at the time of measurement. Thus, HbA1c measurement is a more reliable indicator of the diabetic state, dispensing the randomness associated with blood glucose estimation. This electrochemical kit, which is simple, inexpensive and patient-friendly, will facilitate efficient management of diabetes mellitus. A commercial version of the device, targeting a table-top device for use in medical practitioners’ office as well as a bedside kit for the patients, is about to be launched in the market. The cost of analysis per sample is expected to be 1/5th of the existing conventional analysis.

Investment required

Rs. 2 crore.

Returns / Benefit

Based on the 2008-market survey, the returns are expected to be approx. 300%.

Validation level

Successful clinical validation with patient blood samples.


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1.12 Portable Pulse Oximeter

Laboratory CSIR – Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO)

Brief Profile A Pulse Oximeter is a portable, non-invasive monitor of pulse rate and oxygen saturation that enables prompt recognition of hypoxemia. Pulse oximetry has been recommended as a standard for care of every general anaesthetic. The main features of the developed Portable Pulse Oximeter developed: Non invasive, Real time display of Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) and Pulse rate, Alarm indications, Audio beep on each pulse and mains & battery operated with back-up time of 12 hours.

Investment required

About Rs.10 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

The developed instrument would be useful for Govt. Hospitals, Nursing Homes, District Hospitals, Private Hospitals, etc. The indigenous production of this instrument would cater to the demand in the country.

Validation level

Real life.

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1.13 Production of Nanosized Hydroxyapatite Powder

Laboratory CSIR - National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML)

Brief Profile Developed first of its kind in India hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles. The Hydroxyapatite is a bioceramic powder, which is widely used as bone graft material in Orthopedic and Dental segment. It is a cost effective alternate to the available imported products which are very costly.

Investment required

About Rs. 3 million

Returns / Benefit

Cost effective indigenous production.

Validation level

Real life. Commercialized


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1.14 Recombinant Streptokinase

Laboratory CSIR - Institute of Microbial Technology (IMT)

Brief Profile A recombinant version of natural type streptokinase which is roughly ten times efficient as the natural SK production technology.

Returns / Benefit

This technology, introduced in the market, is expected to further bring down the prices significantly and make this vital life-saver drug available to even the most economically challenged consumer at affordable costs. Most recent updates indeed suggest that the drug has been received very well by the market.

Validation level Filed level.


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2.1 EPS Door Shutters

Laboratory CSIR – Central Building Research Institute (CBRI)

Brief Profile • Made using EPS foam core and agro-forestry wooden frame. • Lighter than wooden door shutter (14 kg/m2); • Economical, 15% cheaper than wooden shutter; • Conforms to IS:4020-1994; and • Approved by CPWD.

Investment required

About Rs. 1.1 crore for plant of capacity 30,000 doors/ annum.

Returns/ Benefits

100% wood substitute.

Validation level

Real life.

EPS Door Shutter

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2.2 High Performance Bitumen Binders

Laboratory CSIR – Central Road Research Institute (CRRI)

Brief Profile Developed a new process for production of Plastomeric type of modified bituminous binders, elastomeric modified bituminous binders and Crumb Rubber type Modified Bituminous binders. These products are being extensively used for construction of bituminous surfacing at National Highways Development Project (NHDP) corridors. The high performance bituminous binders are polymer modified bitumen binders and have improved rheological properties and enhanced fatigue life, higher resistance to rutting and thermal cracking under different traffic and climatic conditions. The cost of high performance bituminous binders (polymer modified binder) is about 15% higher than the conventional bitumen with overall impact of 8 to 10% on cost of bituminous surfacing and about 1.5 to 2% higher cost on overall road construction.

Investment required

About Rs. 4 crore for setting up a plant of 100 tonne/ day.

Returns / Benefit

The net saving on account of higher performance of these polymer modified binders due to their higher life and reduced maintenance is about 30-40% depending upon type of modifications.

Validation level

Real life.


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2.3 High Performance Polymer Modified Bitumen

Laboratory CSIR – Central Road Research Institute (CRRI)

Brief Profile It is a new process for indigenous manufacture of High Performance Polymer Modified Binders. The cost of high performance bituminous binders (polymer modified binder) is about 15% higher than the conventional bitumen with overall impact of 8 to 10% on cost of bituminous surfacing and about 1.5 to 2% higher cost on overall road construction. The net saving on account of higher performance of these polymer modified binders due to their higher life and reduced maintenance is about 30-40% depending upon type of modifications.

Investment required

Rs. 400 lakh for setting up a plant of 100 tonne per day.

Returns / Benefit

About Rs. 60 lakh per month.

Validation level

Real life. The technology has been transferred to about 10 small scale industries in various parts of the country.


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2.4 High Volume Flux Bonded Fly Ash Ceramic Technology for Building Components

Laboratory CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST)

Brief Profile First of its kind in India, the process developed utilizes up to 80% by weight of fly ash with certain glass forming additives to red coloured building components such as bricks, pavements, tiles, glazed tiles etc. after firing in the range 850-9500C as in the case of clay products. The process is adaptable to the traditional brick and tile industry with appropriate mechanization and conserves upto 80% of natural clays and use up to 80% of fly ash. The coast calculations based on the pilot plant demonstration trials show that the price of the fly ash products will be in the similar range as clay products. The plant should be preferably in the premises of the thermal power plants and the process is suitable for pond ash and stored ash as also with dry fly ash. All machineries and the binders/additives are available in the country.

Investment required

Total investment for a plant producing 60,000 bricks/tiles/glazed tiles: Rs.2-2.5 crore. Brick cost Rs.2.50-3.0 per piece, tiles at Rs. 4-5 per piece and glazed products Rs. 6-8 per piece.

Returns / Benefit

15-18% returns on investment over a period of 5 years.

Validation level

Pilot scale.


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2.5 Instant House for Disaster Victims

Laboratory CSIR – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI)

Brief Profile • Weight: 500 Kg • Easy to assemble • 20 houses can be transported in truck • Convenient and durable foundations • Fire retardant • Panels made of industrial waste and natural fiber

Investment required

For twin house Rs. 42000.

Returns/ Benefits

Suitable for disaster victims.

Validation level

Real life.

Instant House

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2.6 Semi-Mechanised Brick Making Machine

Laboratory CSIR - Central Building Research Institute (CBRI)

Brief Profile An extrusion Machine to manufacture 4000 wire cut bricks per hour, with an economically low rate of power consumption. This machine has advanced design; provides efficient service; and is indigenously available involving a small capital outlay.

Investment required

Estimated Capital Investment is about Rs. 80 lakh. Machine cost (capacity of 2500 bricks per hr) is Rs. 60,000/-.

Returns / Benefit

Fast making of bricks.

Validation level

Real life.

Semi-Mechanised Brick Making Machine

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2.7 Anti-Corrosive Coatings


Brief Profile • Provides resistance to coastal environment; • Improves elongation, tensile strength, flexibility, adhesion,

chemical resistance and reduction in the water vapor permeation; and

• Displays excellent resistance to chemicals and fertilizers.

Investment required

Rs. 40-50 lakh for plant of capacity of 100 litre / day.

Returns/ Benefit

Enhancement in life of concrete and steel structures exposed to aggressive environment.

Validation level

Real life.

Anti corrosive coated structures

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2.8 Vertical Shaft Kiln-Mini Cement Plant for Cement Manufacture

Laboratory CSIR - North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST)

Brief Profile Vertical Shaft Kiln (VSK) technology has been developed for cement manufacture of different plant capacities ranging from 20-100 TPD. This technology is viable even for a place having small deposits of raw materials.

Investment required

Although project capital cost and production cost varies from place to place, the tentative total project cost for a typical 50 TPD VSK Mini Cement Plant is estimated at around Rs.650 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

Total cost of production/ tonne = Rs. 931.53 & including cost of packing sales promotion, transport, central excise duty etc = Rs.1252 Actual sale price of cement/tone (considering Rs. 75 /bag) = 1500 Profit before tax per tone = Rs. 148 Total sales realization = Rs. 111.375 lakh Total expenses for production of cement/year = Rs. 92.96 lakh Total profit before tax (income) year = Rs. 18.415 lakh

Validation level

Real life.

IPR Status Patented in India and Abroad.

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3.1 Aluminium Alloy Anodes


Brief Profile

Aluminium alloy anodes are extensively used for protecting marine structures like pipelines, sea-going vessels etc. from corrosion, by the sacrificial method. Earlier anodes based on mercury have been banned internationally since they are not environment friendly and those based on tin are less extensively used as the preparation of these anodes is more cumbersome. The developed process know-how for the manufacture of aluminium anodes incorporating indium is simpler and easy to control without compromising the performance of the anodes.

Investment required

Per 150 tons of anode. Annual cost of production about Rs.2.62 crore.

Returns / Benefit

Return on investment: about 30%.

Validation level

Real life.


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3.2 Bio-Heap Leaching of Low Grade Copper from Lean Sulphide Ore

Laboratory CSIR – Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT)

Brief Profile This technology has tremendous impact on bioremediation of coal and coke for removal of sulphur, manganese ore for removal of phosphorus, bauxite for removal of silica, iron ore for removal of alumina, and recovery of nickel from lateritic nickel ore, etc. The technology developed would utilize the huge quantities of low-grade copper ores lying at the mine site to produce pure copper metal in the country. This would save our copper import and foreign exchange in addition to prevention of environmental pollution due to acid mine drainage.

Investment required

Rs. 2 crore.

Returns / Benefit

An assessment yet to be made.

Validation level

Pilot Scale.

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3.3 Catalytic Coating Technology for Anodes


Brief Profile The composition of the overlaying active coating for anodes of membrane cells for the production of caustic soda and chlorine has been suitably altered to enhance the difference between the chlorine evolution potential and oxygen evolution potential so as to minimize oxygen evolution as far as possible. If the entire chlor-alkali membrane cells in India are provided with such coating, Rs. 60 crore could be saved. At the same time valuable foreign exchange can also be saved. Life of coating estimated to be 7 years.

Investment required

Rs. in lakh Fixed capital on buildings : 16.50 Fixed capital on plant : 18.50 Working capital : 120.00 Cost of production : 356.00

Returns / Benefit

25% return on investment.

Validation level

Real life.


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3.4 Catalytic Coating Technology for Cathodes


Brief Profile To save energy, catalytic coating technology for cathodes of Membrane Cells for the Production of Caustic Soda and Chlorine has been developed. The cathodes consisting of Nickel or Nickel plated Stainless Steel are activated by a coating of Nickel and stabilised by a mixture of precious metals or their oxides. The coating is imparted by the Thermal decomposition technique. If the entire chlor-alkali membrane cells in India are provided with this coating Rs. 60 crore could be saved on foreign exchange for every 5 year and an energy saving of 3600 million kwh.

Investment required

Rs. in lakh (a) Fixed capital on buildings : 16.50 (b) Fixed capital on plant : 18.50 (c) Working capital : 120.00 (d) Cost of production : 376.00

Returns / Benefit


Validation level

Real life, technology transferred.

IPR Status Patented in India and US.

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3.5 Flow Improver


Brief Profile Majority of the Indian crude oils have high wax content. Crystallization of wax during transportation through long distances may result in reduced pumping rates, wax deposition in pipelines and storage tanks and restart problems in case of shutdown in the pipeline. High waxy crude oils are treated with additives commonly referred to as Flow Improvers, wax modifiers and Pour Point Depressants before they are transported to overcome these problems. Flow improvers reduce the pour point, viscosity, and yield value and help in easy restart in case of shut down in the pipeline. Flow improvers tend to be specific to crude oils in view of the differences in chemical compositions. NEIST has developed a wide range of flow improvers to suit the Indian crude oils.

Investment required

Total capital investment cost for 2000 TPA: Rs.300 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

Two Flow improvers transferred parties. An assessment about returns is yet to be made.

Validation level

Pilot scale.


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3.6 Formaldehyde free Synthetic Tanning Agent


Brief Profile Conventional synthetic tanning agents employed in leather processing are predominantly based on phenol-formaldehyde condensation products. It has been found by several research groups that the free formaldehyde in such products is beyond permissible levels for safe use. As an alternate, a multi-functional matrix with sulfonated aromatic compound, free of formaldehyde has been developed, which is first of its kind in the world. Use of this syntan in tanning enhances the uptake of chromium to above 93%. The syntan provides a means for pickle free chrome tanning thereby reducing the total dissolved solids in the effluent. The presence of this syntan enables a reduction in the offer of filling syntans in wet-finishing by 30–40%.

Returns / Benefit

The use of this syntan provides an overall saving of Rs.1000–1500 per ton of raw material processed.

Validation level

Real life – Product has found tremendous positive response from tanners in India. and is currently marketed by M/s. Balmer Lawrie & Co. Ltd under the name ‘TANAID’.


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3.7 Kojic acid production


Brief Profile A method has been developed for production and purification of Kojic acid by fermentation of the marine fungus Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. This organic acid continues to attract attention because of its economic potential in the field of medicine, food, cosmetic and agriculture. In the food industry, kojic acid is used as an inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase, an enzyme responsible for the blackening of agricultural products. In medicine, kojic acid is used mainly because it can eliminate free radicals and thus act as antioxidants. The use of kojic acid in cosmetics in the form of gels and soaps is to achieve skin lightening effect by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase thereby reducing the production of melanin formation. It also blocks the formation of pigmentation and evens out skin tone. At present it is introduced into various kinds of cosmetics like curing freckles, fighting age spots on the skin, acne, stretch marks due to obesity and pregnancy.

Investment required

Approx Rs. 1 lakh to obtain 500g of Kojic acid.

Returns / Benefit

Kojic acid finds applications in the field of medicine, food, cosmetic and agriculture and therefore it provides handsome returns on the investments.

Validation level

Presently viable culture is present in the lab and also deposited at MTCC possessing accession no. MTCC 5374. The compound, pure kojic acid is available in the lab.

IPR Status Filed.

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3.8 Merchant Grade Phosphoric Acid (Conversion of Fe-III to Fe-II)

Laboratory CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT)

Brief Profile IMMT has developed a new process for conversion of Fe-III of merchant grade phosphoric acid into Fe-II through Electrolytic reduction.

Returns / Benefit

Provides better accuracy in control of electrochemical parameters and obviates any possible inclusion of impurities.

Validation level

Bench scale. The process has been demonstrated at Talcher.

IPR Status Applied.

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3.9 Nano Rare Earth Oxides and Phosphates

Laboratory CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)

Brief Profile Nano metal oxides and phosphates are types of materials with growing market on a global basis. Most of the nano metal oxides commercially available from countries abroad are very expensive. CSIR has developed a process for production of Nano particles starting through hydrolysis-peptisation technique. The process in general consists of hydrolyzing titanyl sulphate or chloride to titanyl hydroxide by addition of ammonium hydroxide followed by washing and removal of all the undesirable ions.

Investment required

For a plant size of 10 kg/batch capacity, the cost of the plant will be about Rs. 250 lakh. The machinery cost will be about Rs. 160 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

The abundant deposits available in the country could be gainfully utilized.

Validation level

Till now, the process has been optimized in the laboratory and being scaled up to Bench/Pilot scale with M/s Indian Rare Earths Ltd., Mumbai which is set up in IREL Kollam is expected to get commissioned in June, 2010. The average cost of the nano particles will be Rs. ~1000-2000 per Kg only.

IPR Status Filed.

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3.10 Pesticides: Phosphamidon and Quinalphos


Brief Profile Phosphamidon an important organo-phosphorus synthetic insecticide extensively used in various crops. It is particularly effective against aphids, stem borer, leaf hoppers, mite thrip, grass-hoppers, ball-worms, white flies etc. Quinalphos: It is a contact and stomach insecticide and effective against both biting and sucking insects as well as mites and plant hoppers.

Investment required

Phosphamidon: About Rs. 2.5 crore for 300 TPA Plant. Quinalphos: About Rs. 7 crore for 300 TPA Plant.

Returns / Benefit

A realistic assessment is yet to be made. However, products have high profit margins.

Validation level

Pilot scale. The technologies have been transferred.

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3.11 Pre-stressed Concrete Monoblock Broad Gauge Railway Sleepers

Laboratory CSIR – Structural Engineering Research Centre (SERC)

Brief Profile Better stability, Inherent resistance to track buckling, Longer service. High strength concrete and high tensile strands used for production. Know-how developed for long line method for production. The know-how has been passed on to the NRDC, after satisfying the technical requirements of RDSO, Lucknow.

Investment required

For a plant of 50,000 sleepers/ annum: Fixed cost = Rs. 1.5 crore working capital =Rs. 1 crore Production cost = Rs. 1000 per sleeper

Returns / Benefit

Wood substitute.


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3.12 Recovery of Chromite Values from Low Grade Chromite Ores & Tailings of Chromite Beneficiation Plant


Brief Profile The plant developed by IMMT can treat both low grade ore of ~ 16% Cr2O3 to obtain ~ 46 to 48% Cr2O3 at 20 to 24% yield. The plant is also dovetailed with flotation circuit to recover chromite from the slimes, which is first of its kind in India / abroad.

Investment required

18 crore for 500 tpd plant.

Returns / Benefit

The plant when operated on sub-grade ore containing 16% Cr2O3, the ROI is 41% and payback period is 2 years. When the plant is operated on the tailings containing 20% Cr2O3, the ROI is 26.83% and pay back period is 3 years.

Validation level

Real life. 500 tpd commercial plant has been set up at Sukinda by Jindal Stainless Limited.

IPR Status Under process of filing.

Chromite Beneficiation Plant

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3.13 Synthetic Tanning Agents: Alutan and Alcrotan


Brief Profile Alutan and Alcrotan are two mineral synthetic tanning agents (syntans) which at the time of their development had no international equivalents. Alcrotan is an innovative light fast syntan based on chromium and aluminium. While conventional basic chromium sulfate employed in the leather industry for tanning had an uptake of around 40 – 60% (at the time when this syntan was developed), this product ensured uptake of more than 90% of chromium and aluminium. Alutan is an aluminium based syntan with irreversible binding of aluminium(III) (conventional aluminium salts even with masking are washed out of leather), which affords fuller leathers making suede processing easy with color richness. By combining Alutan with basic chromium sulfate in tanning a zero waste closed-loop tanning methodology has become a reality.

Validation level

These products are marketed by M/s. Balmer Lawrie and Co. Ltd., as Balsyn ACE and Balsyn AL with a turn over of Rs. 7 crore per annum.

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3.14 Ultrapure Solar Salt

Laboratory CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)

Brief Profile A process for the recovery of very high purity solar salt with in the field has been developed. The process is based on the modification of the salt crystal morphology in such a way that agglomeration and consequently, the impurity level in the salt is reduced considerably. The heap washed salt analyzed >99.5% NaCl with highly reduced levels of calcium and sulphate impurities hitherto not achieved in solar salt production.

Investment required

The additional cost would be about Rs. 10 per ton of salt.

Returns / Benefit

The high purity salt so produced is in high demand by chlor-alkali industries and will fetch Rs. 100 more than the existing sale price of salt.

Validation level

Real life.

IPR Status Patented in India and Abroad and licensed.

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4.1 A New Carvone Rich Mentha Longifolia

Laboratory CSIR – Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM)

Brief Profile Introduced a new Mentha variety which is carvone rich. About 10 Mentha species are available in different ecographical regions of India. The wild species of Mentha have hybridized freely and recognizes many species, subspecies and hybrids and several of which are in cultivation. Chemical diversity at the species level appears to be according to the main constituents of their essential oils. ℓ-Carvone containing essential oil is mainly obtained from Mentha spicata (spearmint), which is widely used in flavouring of food, candy, chewing gums, toothpastes, confectionary and pharmaceutical preparations.

The world production is ≈2200 tonnes/annum while USA is keeping first position in its production; India produced only 250 tonnes/annum. IIIM maintained Genepool of Mentha longifolia collected from different eco-geographical regions in North India, and has been able to select a ℓ-carvone rich clone named as ANANT CARVOMINT. The essential oil of Anant Carvomint has wider acceptability in the perfume flavour and pharmaceutical industries, as per evaluation by Indian Essential oil Industry.

Investment required

Rs. 42 lakh per year per hactare.

Returns / Benefit

Rs. 1 lakh per year per hactare.

Validation level

Real life.


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4.2 Agrotechnology of Gladiolus

Laboratory CSIR - National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI)

Brief Profile Agrotechnology of Gladiolus has been developed and standardized by NBRI; It is an important floral crop for the cut-flower trade. Its magnificent spikes in wide range of colours remain fresh for a pretty long time and are very much valued for making floral arrangements for interior decoration. Its wide array of colours and long vase life has made it most sought after cut-flowers. NBRI is maintaining a collection of 110 varieties as genetic resource. The agro-technology for commercial cultivation for the plains has been passed on to the 1000 progressive farmers. Besides, development of new tropical cultivars has also been made. Over 400 acres of land is now under gladiolus cultivation in and around Lucknow based on the technology. Lucknow and its adjoining districts has now become a strong centre of commercial floriculture.

Investment required

Rs. 3 lakh/ acre under open filed cultivation.

Returns / Benefit

Rs.50,000 to 60,000 per acre by selling 40,000 flower (spikes), 60,000 corms and one quintal cormlets (varies with season/demand).


Gladiolus flowers

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4.3 Ashwagandha Variety, CSIR NMITLI-118

Laboratory CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP)

Brief Profile The leaves of this variety contain very high concentration of withaferin A (upto 2%, on dry weight basis) but lack withanone. Roots contain high concentration of withanolide A (>0.4%, dry weight basis) and withanone (>0.2%, dry weight basis). Other important constituents of the plant: 17-hydroxy withaferin A, 27-deoxy-withaferin A, 17-hydroxy, 27-deoxy withaferin A. These molecules in Ashwagandha CSIR NMITLI 118 have anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis and anti-stroke properties. The root yield of the variety is about 15 Quintals per hectare under standard agronomic and climatic conditions approximately 75 kg seed yield per ha under standard agronomic and climatic conditions. Value of the Root Harvest: Rs. 101,250 per hectare (at the current rate of Rs. 75/kg and root yield of 13.50 q/ha) Value of Seed Harvest (common commercial rate-Rs. 55/kg): Rs.5,500 per hectare

Investment required

Rs. 15,000 per hectare (excluding the cost of land).

Returns / Benefit

Rs. 92,000 per hectare (for the six months Kharif Crop).

Validation level

Field level.

IPR Status Communicated.

Ashwagandha Variety, CSIR NMITLI-118

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4.4 High Menthofuran and Pulegone Containing Genotype of Mentha Piperita ‘CIM-Indus’


Brief Profile CIMAP has launched a new variety of mentha called as CIM-Indus. It contains Menthofuran (3,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrocoumarone) one of the major constituents for aroma of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Mentha piperita. As any other compound has not duplicated the aroma effect, menthofuran is important in the formulation of certain synthesized essential oils, such as peppermint oil. Menthofuran is an expensive compound of limited availability as the plants produce 0 to 6% menthofuran (US Patent PP11,788). The CIM-Indus yielded about 72kg oil in two harvests in a year having about 27% menthofuran content and about 15% pulegone content.

Investment required

Approx. Rs. 20,000 per ha.

Returns / Benefit

About 70 kg per ha valued at about Rs. 84,000/-. Net return 64,000 per ha.

Validation level

Real life.

IPR Status Patented Abroad.

CIM-Indus

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4.5 Improved Agrotechnology and Plant Variety ‘CIM-Arogya’ for Production of Antimalarial Drug Plant Artemisia annua

Laboratory CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP)

Brief Profile Artemisinin, derived from a plant Artemisia annua, is the only cure from chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The demand of this drug is on rise and currently not even 50% of the drug demand is fulfilled mainly because of unavailability of raw material. As a result every year about a million people lose their lives because of malaria. CIMAP has developed improved agro-technology of this plant and genetically tagged superior variety CIM-Arogya producing significantly higher yield of artemisinin (upto about 1%) than any other variety developed world-over. This genotype is first drug yielding plant, developed through molecular breeding .The manufactures of artemisinin derivative of the drug have been importing artemisinin from international sources.

Investment required

About Rs. 20,000 per ha.

Returns / Benefit

About 35 quintals dry herb from 2 harvests valued at Rs.70,000; Net profit Rs.50,000 per ha in a span of about 6 months from two harvests.

Validation level

Real life.

IPR Status Patented in US.

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4.6 Improved Agrotechnology and Plant Variety ‘Kosi’ for Production of Menthol Mint Oil

Laboratory CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP)

Brief Profile Per capita productivity of superior variety `Kosi’ developed by CSIR has enabled farmers to take this crop as a bonus between Rabi and Kharif. Menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) cultivated in more than 1.60 lakh hectares land in the Indo-Gangetic plains of North India and has emerged as major industrial crop and therefore is extremely popular among small farmers. It is believed that over 3,00,000 farming families grow this crop regularly contributing 75-80% global menthol mint oil produce bringing them a profit of about Rs.75,000 per hectare in about 6 months (two harvest). However, in transplanted menthol mint crop a farmer can earn Rs.35,000 in about 3 months (one harvest). India has attained global leadership in production and supply of menthol mint oil generating additional employment opportunities to the extent of about 4 crore mandays per annum. CSIR technology have helped in improvement of the socio-economic status of poor farmers.

Investment required

About Rs. 25,000 per ha.

Returns / Benefit

Return Rs. 1,00,000 per ha from two harvests. Net profit Rs. 75,000 per ha (two harvests).

Validation level

Real life.


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4.7 Insect resistant Bt-cotton technology


Brief Profile First time in India, NBRI has developed technology for transgenic cotton. Transgenic BT cotton is resistant to Spodoptera litura and other bollworms. Environmentally safe and economically competitive alternative to chemical pesticides. Cotton is a lead cash crop in India, provides livelihood for more than 60 Million people in India .The area covered for cultivation of cotton is around 9 million hectares, highest in the world. However average yields in India is 319 Kg/Ha as compared to 603 Kg/Ha of the world average. Major reason for low productivity is that cotton is highly susceptible to insects. Nearly half of the total pesticide used in crops is used for cotton which amounts approximately Rs.12 Billion/Year. Genetically modified cotton is one solution to problem.

Returns / Benefit

Using available BT cotton technologies in market farmers earned additional income of Rs.7039 crore (2006). Saving on pesticide is approximately Rs.1600/Hectare (2006).

Validation level

Pilot Scale.

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4.8 Java Citronella


Brief Profile The Java Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) is a high oil yielding variety of aromatic plant developed by NEIST and extensively used in perfumery industry as an important source of high aroma. The basic objective was to develop crop that is suited for wasteland/barren land or where jhum or shifting cultivation was practiced.

Investment required

Cost of cultivation: Rs.25,000/ha/year.

Returns / Benefit

Gross return: Rs.45,000 – Rs.60,000/ha/year. Net profit: Rs.25,000 – Rs.35,000/ha/year. The income generated from Citronella cultivation: Rs.3000/family/month (for marginal growers). Total annual production of oil from NE region is about 500T/year valued at Rs.15 crore (approx) with possibility of value addition locally. Employment generated for society (direct): 20,000 (approx).

Validation level

Real life.

Java Citronella

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4.9 Mushroom Cultivation


Brief Profile NEIST has developed cultivation process and technology for edible mushroom as well as spawn production technology. Important varieties are Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Volvariella volvaceae and volvariella diplosia. At present NEIST maintains 11 species of oyster mushroom, 2 species of European white button mushroom and 3 species each of paddy straw and medicinal mushroom. Mushroom is a protein rich in amino acids, minerals and vitamins favored by people throughout the world. Besides the agroclimatic conditions, the other factors that make mushroom cultivation a viable proposition in India are:

• Availability of cheap & abundant raw materials like agricultural waste;

• Availability of manpower; • Expanding Indian domestic market; and • Demand supply gap in world.

Mushroom has turned out to be an ideal choice for societal development of NE as the climatic condition favour its growth and also there is huge demand in NE itself. It has proved to be a successful venture as it requires low investment and minimal land. The target groups for possible beneficiaries are urban and rural poor, women, SHGs and unemployed youths. It is worth mentioning that prior to CSIR effort there was no mushroom cultivation activity in the NE India.

Investment required

Rs. 2,500/-.

Returns / Benefit

Net Profit/100 kg: Rs.3000.00. The income generated from mushroom cultivation: Rs.2500/family/month (for marginal growers).

Validation level

Real life.

Mushroom Cultivation

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4.10 Plant growth promoting Microbial Inoculants


Brief Profile Novel microbes Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Bacillus and Trichoderma, have been identified by NBRI, which have the ability to control phytopathogenic fungi, promote plant growth, tolerance for abiotic stresses, and solubilize phosphate even under abiotic stress conditions have been used to develop this product. The products are useful as plant growth enhancer and biofungicide for seed, soil and foliar applications, such as it promotes plant growth, ensures uniformity of plant germination, development and maturity, successfully competes with resident microbial populations, enhances plant beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere, compete with disease causing microbes. The composition is very durable therefore can be stored for at least 1 year due to the stabilization process of the microbes for its longevity. It is compatible with a wide range of chemical products therefore ideal candidates for IPM management practices .It survives for extended periods once applied to seed, soil or plant surfaces due to its abiotic stress tolerance ability.

Investment required

Rs. 50 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

33% Per Kg (varies with market demand).

Validation level

Real Life.

IPR Status Patent Granted.

Microbial Inoculants

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4.11 Seawater based Indigenous Potash Technology


Brief Profile A novel integrated process for the recovery of Recovery of sulphate of potash fertilizer (SOP) from bittern through an economic route has been developed by CSMCRI. India has no traditional resources of potassium and the total requirement of about 3-4 million ton of potash is met through imports every year. Potassium is an attractive element of great economic importance present in sea water. In the total absence of any traditional potash deposits in the country, the left over mother liquor after manufacture of salt from sea water termed as “Bitterns” is a rich source of Potash in the country. Besides this, a vast quantity of natural bittern is available in Greater Rann of Kutch (GRK) due to natural inundation and evaporation. If potash recovery is delinked from salt production - as would be the case in the Greater Rann of Kutch - it may be possible to even meet the entire requirement of potash in the country. It has the lowest salt index and is virtually free of chloride, which makes it a superior fertilizer to muriate of potash (MOP).

Investment required

Average CAPEX: Rs.40 million per 1K MTPA SOP project (nom.). (excluding infrastructure development cost).

Returns / Benefit

Internal Rate of return (IRR): 20% (nom.) Payback period: 3 years (nom.)

Validation level Real Life.

IPR Status Patented in US and licensed.

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4.12 Sweet Smelling Peppermint Genotype ‘CIM-Madhuras’


Brief Profile CIMAP has introduced a new variety of Mentha piperita (Peppermint) by the name of CIM-Madhuras. It produces characteristic essential oil having medicinal, therapeutic and beverage properties. The evaluation trial of CIM-Madhuras conducted in the farmer’s field near Lucknow indicated the estimated oil yield of 107 kg based on the data of two harvests in a year/per ha.

Investment required

Approx. Rs. 20,000 per ha.

Returns / Benefit

Oil yield about 100 kg per ha in two harvests, valued at about Rs. 80,000; Net profit Rs. 60,000 per ha.

Validation level

Real life. Variety released.

CIM-Madhuras

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5.1 Animal Powered Device for Brackish Water Desalination

Laboratory CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CIMAP)

Brief Profile CSMCRI, Bhavnagar has developed a unique water desalination system, which uses animal energy to energize the high-pressure pump to effect brackish water desalting by RO process. Water desalination system having animal power as prime mover consists of speed increaser, high-pressure pump and membrane modules. The above system can produce 300-500 LPH product water for feed water TDS (total dissolved solids) in the range 3000-5000 ppm. A pair of bulls is connected to one side of a mechanical link (as shown in photograph) while the other side of the link is coupled to the input shaft of a gearbox, comprising various sets of gears. The gearbox is designed to convert bullock power in the form of low rpm and high torque at the inlet shaft into mechanical power of high rpm and low torque at the output shaft. The output shaft is coupled to the crankshaft of the reciprocating high-pressure pump, which discharges 1200 LPH feed water. Harmful elements such as fluoride, arsenic, nitrate and heavy metals are simultaneously removed along with other salts during the desalination process and the permeate water is also free from bacteria.

Returns / Benefit

Cost effective safe drinking water.

Validation level

Real life.


Device for Brackish Water Desalination

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5.2 Chemo-defluoridation process with unit for removal of excess Fluoride from Water

Laboratory CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)

Brief Profile NEERI has developed a Chemo-defluoridation process with unit for removal of excess fluoride from water. The salient features of the same are as follows:

• Useful at domestic as well as community level;

• Chemicals are provided in sachets;

• Water is palatable after treatment of fluoride;

• pH of treated water does not decrease;

• Can treat water upto 20 mg/L fluoride;

• Sludge itself acts as adsorption media for removal of fluoride;

• No need of sludge treatment for disposal; and

• Leaching of fluoride under normal atmospheric conditions is < 0.1 mg/L.

Investment required

Rs. 5000 per unit for domestic unit.

Returns / Benefit

Availability of safe drinking water.

Validation level

Bench scale.

IPR Status Patented.

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5.3 Development of Cost Effective Mine Water Reclamation Technology for Providing Safe Drinking Water

Laboratory CSIR - National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML)

Brief Profile The coal mine water reclamation technology treats the coal mine water and make it suitable for the purpose of drinking. The process in principle has three modules. In the first, the suspended particulate matters, some of which are also colloidal in nature, are removed. The second module removes the dissolve matters while in the third step microbiological contaminations are removed. NML has also developed novel materials to be used for the removal of dissolved matters.

Investment required

Complete cost analysis has not been carried out. However, the consumable cost has been calculated to be less than 10 paisa per litre. A realistic assessment is yet to be made.

Returns / Benefit

Successful implementation of this technology would expectedly result into savings in crore.

Validation level

Pilot scale.

IPR Status Filed.

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5.4 Electrochemical Defluoridation of Drinking Water


Brief Profile The removal of fluoride in drinking water is done through an electrochemical cell (electrolyser). The technique is suitable for treating water-containing fluoride upto 5 ppm. The total system is simple for operation and maintenance. It does not affect the other parameters of water quality. It does not involve addition of any chemical and has unit operations such as settling and clarifying as in conventional chemical precipitation. Developed up to a scale of 200 L/h capacity, this can be scaled up to any capacity and to any level of fluoride.

Investment required

Rs. 3.30 lakh. (10K Liter per day capacity).

Returns / Benefit


Validation level

Real life.

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5.5 Instrumented RO Plant

Laboratory CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI) and Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI)

Brief Profile • Suitable for villages where the source of water contains fluoride, arsenic bacterial contamination and brackish;

• It can provide 40,000 liters safe drinking water daily; • Operational condition monitoring system for prompt operation

and maintenance; • Decision support system; • Online monitoring of Critical Parameters of water; • Indigenous low cost PC/Embedded technology; • History of TDS and important parameters; • Prediction of cleaning time; • Prediction of Healthiness of membrane; • Remote monitoring via Internet; amd • Easy to operate.

Investment required

Technology package cost: About Rs. 21.5 lakh. Cost of water ~ 5 paisa /litre.

Returns/ Benefit

Supply of cost effective safe drinking water.

Validation level

Pilot scale.

RO Plant

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5.6 Membrane Technologies (Ultra-Filtration and Thin Film Composite Reverse Osmosis Membrane) for Desalination and Water Purification


Brief Profile Thin Film Composite (TFC) Reverse Osmosis Membrane: • The polyamide thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis

membrane is suitable for desalination of brackish water and sea water;

• It removes salinity (94-96%) and other harmful contaminants like hardness, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic, etc, from water; and

• Potable water having < 500 ppm TDS can be obtained from brackish water (up to 7000 ppm salinity) and sea water (30000-40000 ppm salinity).

Ultra-filtration Membranes: • The low fouling flat sheet & hollow fiber UF membranes having cut

off values of 35-150 KDa using indigenous raw materials. Removes harmful pathogens, turbidity and colloidal materials from drinking water; and

• Can operate at very low pressure (<25 psi) and requires low energy with very high recovery (up to 90%).

Investment required

Depends on the scale of production i.e., domestic or commercial scale. For domestic scale, the approximate investment for machinery would be around Rs. 25 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

Cost effective safe drinking water.

Validation level

Real life.


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5.7 NEERI-ZAR


Brief Profile It is 20 L/h portable instant water filter. It is simple to fabricate, easy to operate and requires minimum maintenance. After disinfection with NEERI - ZAR the water becomes free from contamination, however, it does not bring significant change in the dissolved mineral concentrations of the water.

Investment required

Rs.4000-5000 per unit.

Returns / Benefit

Being light weight, it provides ease in transportation and installation, and therefore is suitable for emergency water supply. Since it is gravity operated, therefore it does not require any power.

Validation level

Pilot scale. 100 units were installed in the flood affected remote areas of Barmer District in October 2006 to convert the turbid and contaminated rainwater into potable water.

IPR Status Filed.

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5.8 Phytorid Wastewater Treatment


Brief Profile The know-how involves a constructed wetland exclusively designed for the treatment of municipal, urban, agricultural and industrial wastewater. The technology requires no power, has low capital cost compared with standard sewage/effluent treatment systems, simple construction, low maintenance and low cost technology.

Investment required

The total area required for the system is approximately 35 sq. m. for 20 M3/Day and the construction cost of treatment system is approximately between Rs. 1.20 to 1.30 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

Environmental protection.

Validation level

Bench scale. Two demonstration plants installed.


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5.9 Production of Less Dust Chalk Using Calcium Carbonate


Brief Profile A less dust chalk has been developed by CSMCRI. Chalk has been a traditional teaching aid in schools, colleges and other teaching institutions. It is likely to continue to play a critical role in the education in our country, notwithstanding developments around the information technology and erasable ink for white boards. Its requirement is estimated to exceed 100,000 ton annum in the country, assuming 300 million people using chalk or the others. Important characteristics of less dust Chalk:

• Less dusting (minimum inhalation with fingers stay clean);

• Smooth writing;

• More writing per length of chalk;

• Good visibility;

• Less breakage; and

• Good visibility.

Investment required

Civil works and other Infrastructure: Rs. 10.27 lakh Plant machinery and equipments: Rs. 23.26 lakh

Returns / Benefit

Return on capital investment: 77.29% Break Even Point: 33.39% Payback period: 2 years

Validation level

Real life.

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5.10 Removal of Arsenic and Iron from Ground Water by Ceramic Membrane

Laboratory CSIR – Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI)

Brief Profile This technology helps in simultaneous removal of arsenic and iron from contaminated ground water. The technology is capable of treating ground water containing higher concentration of arsenic (up to 2.7 ppm) and iron (up to 13 ppm)

Investment required

Plant proper - Rs. 3 lakh. Membrane module cleaning device - Rs. 0.25 lakh. Plant shed, foundation, electric connection - Rs. 1.5 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

Arsenic & iron removal plant for community application with capacity of 5000 litres per day. Expenditure on operation & maintenance 6 Paise / Litre (Considering Production as 90% on Rated Capacity). Expenditure on PET jar consumption 4 Paise / Litre (Considering Production as 90% on Rated Capacity). Provides sparkling clear drinking water, having As & Fe within WHO recommended limits.

Validation level

Real Life.


Arsenic & iron removal plant

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5.11 TERAFIL Water Purification Technology

Laboratory CSIR – Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT)

Brief Profile It is a low cost and highly efficient water filtration media for purification of impure turbid raw water into clean drinking water at minimal cost. Terafil disc is a porous sintered red clay disc, which is used for filtration & treatment of raw water, exclusively for removal of turbid particles, micro-organisms, iron from raw water, as well as improving pH, reducing color & bad odour for production of clean drinking water. Both ground and surface raw water can be treated by Terafil for effective production of portable water. Rate of filtration increases by many folds when it is used under pressure in a closed chamber. Terafil disc can also be fitted with any domestic container to make a water filter, for which poorest of poor can afford Terafil water filter. Therefore cost of product water is below Rs.2 per ton, considering total cost of Terafil filter/plant. Terafil water filtration disc is produced from a mixture of red clay (ordinary pottery clay), river sand & wood saw dust by small scale industry, micro enterprises, artisan etc. in the country. For mass production of Terafil water filtration disc. Equipments & infrastructures like, a pulveriser (Atta Chakki), a low cost coal/wood fired kiln, few hand tools, cement platform are required. Trained manpower, without any specific expertise, can produce Terafil water filtration disc in any part of the country. Local masons and sanitary marts can install the community.

Investment required

Rs.3 lakh (excluding land & building).

Returns / Benefit

Average unit cost of a 100mm diameter Terafil disc fitted with food grade plastic holder is within Rs.25, which can produce one liter/hr product water in a domestic filter, and its operating life is about five years. A realistic assessment is yet to be made.

Validation level

Pilot scale.

TERAFIL Filter

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6.1 Computer Design Packages of Structural Elements


Brief Profile SERC has developed a computer design package of structure elements. It consists of total of 23 software packages, covering design and analysis. It has facility for interactive design of RC components (slabs, beams, columns, isolated footings, combined footings, strip footings and flat slabs). The package also carries out interactive analysis of pinjointed 2-D and 3-D truss system, plane rigid jointed 2-D frames, grids of various patterns, 3-D rigid jointed space frames, folded plate structures, cylindrical shell analysis, 2-D, 3-D trusses, 2-D frames and grids.

Investment required

1,03,500 for single license all the packages.

Returns / Benefit

The usage of these software is expected to have saved construction cost and time worth Rs.7.5 crore (50 x 15.4 lakh).

Validation level Real Life. More than 550 load modules have been released to nearly 150 users/clients.

IPR Status Copyright protected.

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6.2 Computer-aided Analysis and Design of Ships and Ship Structures


Brief Profile It is an integrated software system for analysis and design of bulk carriers, containers, or container – oriented cargo vessels. The system consists of two packages: ship design package consisting of 9 basic programs dealing with naval architectural design, developed by HSL; and structural design package consisting of 9 programs dealing with analysis and design of ship hull structures, developed by SERC.

Returns / Benefit

The use of this software is estimated to accrue a savings of atleast 5 % of annual production cost of national shipping industry.

Validation level

Real life. The software licensed to Hindustan Shipyard Limited, Vishakhapatnam.

IPR Status Copyright held with SERC/CSIR.

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6.3 Database Management System for Integrated Control of Bancroftian Filariasis

Laboratory CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT)

Brief Profile The developed database management system has facility for integrated control of Bancroftian Filariasis in the rural endemic areas of East and West Godavari Districts of A.P. The database has been created with “VISUAL BASIC” as front end and “MICROSOFT ACCESS” as back end so as to enable new entries also.

Investment required

Rs. 10 lakh.

Returns/ Benefits

Suitable for Filariasis control.

Validation level

Bench scale.

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6.4 Forecast Model for Control of Vector Borne Diseases


Brief Profile The developed forecast model has ability to predict outbreak of vector borne diseases like Malaria, Japanese encephalitis etc. in rural endemic areas. The software has been written using Java language, so it is platform-free, versatile and can be used on most of the computers. The software has automatic alerting system and ability to take necessary control measures. The information can be sent to the concerned authorities also through Internet or virtual private network with an ordinary dial-up connection.

Investment required

Rs. 10 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

Suitable for control of vector bone diseases.

Validation level

Bench scale.

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6.5 Multi-scale, multi-model Forecast Platform for Monsoon and Crop Yield

Laboratory CSIR – National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) and CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation (CMMACS)

Brief Profile C-MMACS and NAL has developed a forecast platform combining forecasts of meteorological and surface variables like rainfall, wind, surface air temperature and soil moisture. The use of multiple models allows reduction of uncertainty and enhancement of scope of forecasts. CSIR now has one of the most sophisticated forecast platforms in the world, with in-house algorithms, computing platform and data. Novel methodologies developed at C-MMACS has shown capability to enhance lead and accuracy of monsoon forecasting; new algorithm and code have been developed and integrated to enhance the scope of the forecast from rainfall to germination to crop yield. The Varsha GCM engineered at NAL has been tested over the years for monsoon and cyclone prediction; this model is also integrated to the NAL parallel computing platform for efficient performance.

Returns / Benefit

Good forecast brings less vulnerability to drought, and helps in improved agricultural production. It has tremendous economic and societal impact. It can forecast following: Long-range (> 3 months) monsoon forecasting Monthly forecast of monsoon rainfall (active-break cycles) Advance forecasting of track and intensity of cyclones Forecasting of Extreme rainfall events Forecasting of High-impact weather (fog)

Validation level

Bench scale.

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6.6 Samadhan Kendra


Brief Profile The developed Samadhan Kendra provides information about Agriculture, Health schemes, and other need based information required by the village populace. The database has been created with “JAVA” as front end and “MICROSOFT ACCESS” as back end so as to enable new entries also.

Investment required

Rs. 10 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

Suitable for rural areas in obtaining useful information about health schemes and other need based information.

Validation level

Bench scale.

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7.1 Cement Polymer Composite Coating System


Brief Profile Cement polymer composite coating is used as a protective coating to rebar in the construction industry for the past 10 years. It consists of a primer and a sealing coat. Being cement based system; it is having a more compatibility and alkaline resistance with the surrounding concrete. By implementing this technology, the service life of concrete structures can be increased at least by a factor of 10 times and thus saves material and life.

Investment required

For treatment of 6000 tons of rebar per year: Rs. 265 lakh.

Returns / Benefit


Validation level

Real life.


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7.2 Clean Bioprocess for Quality Coir Fibre Production & Energy Recovery


Brief Profile A clean bioprocess has been developed by NIIST for the extraction of quality coir fibre from coconut husk. This method carries out separation of fibres from their matrices by enzymatic cleaving of cementing compounds with in situ microbial growth and enzyme production. This bioprocess not only converts all the organic pollutants emanated from the extraction process to methane, but also facilitates its recovery as an Energy Source. Since the methane production is almost exclusively from the Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Method (UASB) methanogenic reactor and no significant quantity of methane is generated from the retting tanks, therefore the collection of methane is possible without expensive gas tight covering of the retting tanks. This bioprocess can also be used for processing of natural fibres like jute, banana and pineapple leaf.

Investment required

Capacity : 16000 husk/day Investment : Rs.1.4 crore Production per day : 1.4 t fibre @ Rs.20,000/t; 0.8 t pith @ Rs.250/t; 800m3 biogas @ Rs.5/m3

Returns / Benefit

Environmental-economic benefits of clean bioprocess Value of Biogas : Rs.150 Crore/ year Certified Emission Reduction @ $5.0/(tCO2e) : Rs.16 Crore/ year

Energy potential from clean bioprocess White fibre production : 1.2 lakh ton/year Husk retted : 15 lakh ton husk/year Biogas : 82,500,000 m3/year

Validation level

Real life.

IPR Status Filed.

Pilot plant for clean extraction of coir fibre from coconut husk- 0.5 ton capacity

CLEANER

CRSUHER

SOAK TANKS

ANAEROBIC REACTOR

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7.3 Energy Efficient Multi-fuel and Biomass Cook Stoves


Brief Profile IMMT has developed various types of multi-fuel & biomass cook stoves to conserve rural energy, reduce pollution & green house gas as well as reduce drudgery of women & children in the country. Nearly 3 million multi-fuel and biomass improved cook stoves have been distributed in Orissa and other parts of the country under National Programme of Improved Chullaha of MNRE, Govt. of India. Most notable cook stoves are ‘Harsha” multi-fuel portable stove (family & community), ‘SK-3’ fixed Chullaha (family & community), ‘SK-1’ double pot fixed chullaha. Thermal efficiency of these stoves is more than 25%. These stoves reduce nearly 75% pollution & green house gas as well as more than 40% fuel consumption for cooking in rural sector. Portable stoves are made with mild steel; where as fixed chullahas are made of pottery liners, clay & asbestos cement pipe. ‘Harsha” multi-fuel portable stove is still produced & marketed in the country. Life of cook stoves is nearly three years.

Investment required

Rs. 2 lakh (except land & building) for production of Harsha Multi-fuel portable cook stove and Rs. 50,000 for pottery lined fixed chullahas for production of 50 nos of stoves in a day. The family cook stoves cost in the range of Rs. 200 to Rs. 500 and community cook stoves cost Rs. 500 to Rs. 3500 depending upon type and materials.

Returns / Benefit

Cost of the stoves can be recovered within six months through saving of fuels.

Validation level

Real life.


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7.4 Fuel Efficient Domestic Cooking and Lighting Appliances

Laboratory CSIR – Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP)

Brief Profile Kerosene wick stove: Improved design kerosene multi wick stove (non pressure type) has been developed to increase its heat output and thermal efficiency. It is popularly known as ‘Nutan Large’ stove. By use of the improved design stoves, about 25 to 30% fuel can be saved as compared to the conventional design stores. Technical know how has been given to 13 firms which are manufacturing these stoves conforming to IIP design. Kerosene pressure stove: A kerosene pressure stove (offset burner type) has been developed with 60% plus thermal efficiency as against 53% in case of conventional stoves of this type. About 10-15% fuel saving can be achieved. Fuel efficient LPG stove: The commercially available BIS marked LPG stoves, should have thermal efficiency of about 64%. IIP has developed an improved LPG stove having thermal efficiency of 70%. Fuel saving nearly 10% can be achieved in case of improved LPG stove. The design know-how of this stove has been given to 79 entrepreneurs in the country for its commercial production. Deva lamp: Deva lamp is a very simple type of lighting appliance commonly used in rural areas. Its design has been improved to increase luminous intensity and luminous efficiency. For this lamp a device (perforated sleeve) has been developed which can be easily attached to the top of the wick guide tube of the lamp. This device improves the performance of lamp by providing preheating and premixing of fuel and air mixture. The improved deva lamp with the device, results in increase in non-smoking flame height and luminous intensity in comparison to conventional deva lamp. Hurricane lantern: Improved design of hurricane lantern has been developed to increase its luminous intensity, luminous efficiency and better hurricane proof. Various parameters in burner and other parts of the lantern have been modified / optimised to achieve these improvements. Table lamp: Design of flat wick (non-pressure type) table lamp has been improved to increase its luminous intensity and luminous efficiency. These appliances have been designed for maximum output. The most economical release of light can be achieved when lighting appliances are operated at 70 to 80% of maximum smoke free flame height.

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7.5 NALSUN – Cost-Effective Solar Coating for Solar Thermal Applications

Laboratory CSIR – National Chemical Laboratory (NCL)

Brief Profile NALSUN coatings are nanocomposite coatings having excellent optical properties (high absorption & low emittance) with a service life of 25 years for water heating applications. NALSUN bath has following other advantages: • operable at room temperature; • requires normal plating current densities; • good shelf-life; • simple bath control and maintenance; • good covering power-requires no nickel undercoat on copper; • low refrigeration cost; and • cost effective process.

Investment required

The investment required is based on the entrepreneur’s output volume which varies widely depending on the type of infrastructure of the entrepreneur.

Returns / Benefit

India has a potential of 1400 lakh sq. meter collected area compared to 30.0 lakh sq. meter installed capacity as on June 2009.

Validation level

Real life (transferred to 26 entrepreneurs across the country).

IPR Status Patented in India, US, Europe and Canada.

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7.6 Salicornia Oil


Brief Profile The Institute invented vegetable salt and is presently exploring the utility of the oil rich in PUFA for edible application in blend form. It has successfully developed a process of densification of the natural habitat (left inset) of Salicornia brachiata.

Returns / Benefit

Value addition products from natural resources.

Validation level Real Life. Over 100 hectare of densification has been undertaken since 2005.


Salicornia Oil

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7.7 Self Sustained 1 Kw Polymer Electrolyte Portable Fuel Cell System


Brief Profile An alternate source of power generation has been developed through self sustained 30 cell 1kW air cooled PEFC stack, which has been integrated with necessary controls and electronic circuit for operation on Hydrogen . Global Electric power production is based on centralized, grid dependant network structure. This system has several disadvantages such as high emissions, transmission losses, long lead time for plant constructions, and large and long term financing requirements. Distributed generation is an alternate that is gathering momentum, and modern technologies, such as fuel cells, are likely to play an increasing role in meeting ever increasing power demands.

Investment required

Rs. 10 lakh per piece excluding building and other infrastructure cost.

Returns / Benefit


Validation level

Real life.

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7.8 Solar Pond Power Plant

Laboratory CSIR – National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL)

Brief Profile CSIR established India’s first fully indigenous solar thermal power plant Solar Pond called Power Plant, in collaboration with Electricity Department, Puducherry Government and the Puducherry Engineering College. The power plant comprises of a 500 m2 salinity-gradient solar pond, designed and developed by the Electricity Department, Puducherry Government, coupled to a 12.5 kWe Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbo-power plant, which has been designed and developed by CSIR-NAL. Both the solar pond and the ORC cycle technology are fully developed indigenously. The crucial Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) engine design methodology, configured around CSIR-NAL’s small turbine aerospace technology, has been successfully evolved. This allows CSIR-NAL to design turbine-based ORC engines, which can harness the energy available in relatively low temperature heat sources such as solar energy, geothermal energy and industrial waste heat for power generation. The salinity-gradient 500 m2 solar pond is a large area non-tracking solar energy collector, which combines, the collector and energy storage functions. This is necessitated by the low energy density and intermittency of solar radiation. The average solar radiation incident over India is about 5-6 kWh/m2 per day. Hence, the 12.5 kWe/500 m2 solar pond power plant can operate for typically one hour per day. Planning is underway to scale up the system to a 50 kWe/6000m2 solar pond power plant.

Investment required

Estimated cost is about Rs.4 lakh/kW.

Returns / Benefit

Pilot scale.

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7.9 Solar Powered Electric Motor Assisted Rickshaw (SOLECKSHAW)

Laboratory CSIR - Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI)

Brief Profile Especially in busy streets of cities, pollution is at alarmingly high levels due to very slow movement of automobile vehicles. Keeping these in mind, solar powered motor assisted tricycle (SOLECKSHAW) has been developed. SOLECKSHAW is an eco friendly tricycle. It is driven partly by pedal and partly by electric power supplied by a battery that is charged from solar energy. An override mechanism has been used at the center of rear axle; resulting in proper turning and better dynamic stability of the vehicle. Its power source is solar energy, which eliminates the problem of environment pollution that lies with other automobile. This vehicle provides driving comfort to the driver and can run for longer distances compared to manual driven cycle rickshaws, resulting in higher earning of rickshaw pullers. Further, it reduces the drudgery of Rickshaw pullers, who are prone to TB, due to heavy manual effort required for normal rickshaw. As a whole this SOLECKSHAW is one of the best vehicles of tomorrow for the congested downtown transport.

Investment required

This will depend on demand and volume of production. It will also vary place to place, due to variable land and infrastructure cost.

Returns / Benefit

As this product has been developed under CSIR-800 Program, it is having great societal potential if deployed throughout India, leading to millions of demand.

Validation level

Pilot scale.

IPR Status Filed.

SOLECKSHAW

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8.1 Atmospheric CO2 Measurement and Modeling

Laboratory CSIR - CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation (CMMACS)

Brief Profile CSIR has ability to estimate CO2 fluxes over the globe through high precision measurement of CO2 concentrations.

Investment required

About Rs. 20 crore (Rs. 1 crore per station), for 20 station over India for setting up of CO2 monitoring station.

Returns / Benefit

The sources and sinks of CO2 in India have not been rigorously quantified and large uncertainties still exist in estimates of land and ocean uptake. Without this information, India is at a serious disadvantage when it comes to CO2 negotiations. This is very useful for policymakers to decide on the emission strategy for the country.

Validation level

Bench scale.

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8.2 Autonomous Underwater Vehicle


Brief Profile NIO has indigenously designed and developed a small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), for operations up to a depth of 200 meters. It has a weight of 54 kilograms, length of 1.7 meters and hull diameter 0.23 meters. It uses a single underwater thruster to propel itself in water. It has two stern planes and two rudders to control diving and heading maneuvers respectively. The nose section is swappable and can accommodate mission specific sensors. The science payloads that have been used include a miniature conductivity temperature graph (CTD) sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor (optical), hyper spectral radiometers to measure light conditions underwater, in-situ chlorophyll and turbidity sensors. The AUV can receive commands from the shore over a high-speed radio link. Data download from the AUV is done over the same link. Underwater navigation is achieved with the help of a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) to measure speed and a navigation filter that estimates its position below sea surface. Surface navigation is based on GPS (Global Positioning System). The AUV gets its energy for the propulsion and electronics from two banks of lithium polymer batteries.

Returns/ Benefit

Suitable for environmental/ climate change studies as it can collect standard oceanographic data in confined areas; it can be used as a platform for testing new marine sensor technologies.

Validation level

Bench scale.

IPR Status Patented.

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8.3 Autonomous Vertical Profiler


Brief Profile The Autonomous Vertical Profiler (AVP) is a propelled robot vehicle that traverses the water column vertically while sensing and storing the vertical structure of water column properties. It can descend at variable speeds to a given depth set by the user. It ramps down the motor thrust, reaching zero velocity at a desired depth layer above the sea bed. Being positively buoyant for safety purposes, it ascends relatively slowly to the sea surface without power. In order to locate the profiler after it breaks surface, the AVP transmits its GPS (Global Positioning System) coordinates via RF or through a satellite modem. A low frequency acoustic pinger is strapped to the hull as an extra safety device. Unique Features of the AVP:

• 1.17m long, 0.18 m in dia., weighs 13 Kg and is designed for 200m operations;

• Safety is ensured by use of an echo-sounder and pressure sensor so that it avoids crashing into the seabed;

• Control system on the AVP invests it with the capability to hover at any set depth;

• In a worst case scenario, the AVP can do 30 dives to a depth of 100m for 2.5 days; and

• Ease in operation and one man deployable.

Returns / Benefit

Presently being used as a validation tool for the Ocean Colour Satellite by Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad. In addition, it can be used for following multiple applications:

• Ocean Observation studies;

• Rapid profiling of shallow waters;

• Time series monitoring of biological blooms; and

• Pollution monitoring.

Validation level

Bench scale.


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8.4 Biodiesel from Jatropha curcus (Ratanjyot) Seeds


Brief Profile The Institute has developed a simple and cost-effective process for preparation of Biodiesel from the oil expelled from the seeds of Jatropha curcus. The seeds are crushed in mechanical screw type expeller. The oil cake produced on expelling oil is being tested for its application as manure and pesticides and encouraging results have been obtained. The oil is treated with alkali to reduce the free fatty acid (FAA) content and filtered. The soap cake produced is used for making washing soap. The glycerol produced is recovered. The biodiesel that is produced using the process meets all the norms of European specifications, EN 14214.

Returns / Benefit

Environmental friendly bio fuel.

Validation level

Real Life. 1000 litres per day zero effluent Jatropha biodiesel plant set up at DRDO Military Farm, Secunderabad.

IPR Status Patented Abroad and licensed.

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8.5 Chemo Autotrophic Activated Carbon Oxidation (CAACO) for Treatment of Wastewater

Laboratory CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)

Brief Profile This technology removes dissolved organics from wastewater without generation of sludge and with low input electrical energy. In this technology, both biological and catalytic systems are integrated to oxidize organics present in wastewater at ambient environmental conditions. The biological oxidation of organics is performed by immobilized bacteria in fuctionalised mesoporous activated carbon and catalytic oxidation is performed actively by electron rich activated carbon matrix. CAACO technology has been implemented for the treatment of wastewater discharged from domestic and industrial sectors such as leather, textile, chemical, pharmaceutical, food etc.

Investment required

Rs.20,000 per m3 of wastewater.

Returns / Benefit

A realistic assessment is yet to be made.

Validation level

The technology has been implemented in more than 80 installations with a capacity ranging from a volume of 10 m3/day to 2500 m3/day in India and abroad.


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8.6 Fenton Activated Carbon Catalytic Oxidation (FACCO) for the treatment of Wastewater Containing Refractory COD and High TDS

Laboratory CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)

Brief Profile Biological treatment becomes ineffective for the wastewater containing refractory COD and high TDS. Advanced Oxidation processes have been recommended for the treatment of such wastewater. However, the removal efficiency for COD is very less and also generates huge amount of sludge. FACCO technology developed by CLRI employs Iron impregnated mesoporous activated carbon. Hydrogen peroxide is applied as the inducer of hydroxyl radical and the production of hydroxyl radical is sustained from molecular oxygen, abstracted from air. This facilitates the oxidation of refractory organics in wastewater at low detention period. FACCO technology has been implemented for the treatment of wastewater discharged from industrial sector such as leather, textile, chemical, pharmaceutical, food etc.

Investment required

Rs. 20,000 per m3 of wastewater.

Returns / Benefit

The technology performs credibly well for the removal of COD in the presence of high TDS. Biodegradability of the wastewater is enhanced.

Validation level

The technology has been implemented in more than 10 installations with a capacity ranging from a volume of 10 m3/day to 15000 m3/day in India.


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8.7 Herbal Dry Colours (Herbal Holi Gulal) and Herbal Colours for Rangoli


Brief Profile Herbal dry colours and herbal colours have been developed by NBRI. There is no side effect of the herbal dye, where as synthetic dry colours are prepared from toxic chemicals and may create eye irritation, allergies, skin damage, respiratory problems and may damage other vital organs. Herbal gulal has soft, nontoxic and supple touch with good sticking capacities to skin. It is also perfumed with essential oils.

Investment required

Rs.10-15 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

Cost of Production Rs.50/Kg. Selling Price Rs.100/Kg. Profit = Rs.50/Kg.

Validation level

Real Life.

IPR Status Patent Filed.

Herbal Holi Gulal

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8.8 Plastic Waste Sorting System for Recycling of PET Materials

Laboratory CSIR – Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI)

Brief Profile The developed laboratory prototype sorts disposed consumer plastic packaging wastes moving on a conveyor belt. This state-of-art plastic waste sorting technology has been developed for the first time in India. Operating principle: Based on on-line Near infrared spectroscopy of the singulated plastic objects moving on a conveyor. Materials sorted: Poly-ethylene-teraphthalate (PET), independent of color except carbon coating black. Can also sort poly-ethylene (PE), poly-propylene (PP), poly-vinyl-chloride (PVC) and poly-styrene (PS), independent of color except carbon containing black. System throughput: 200 kg/hour & upgradeable. Accuracy: PET material sorting close to hundred percentile. Suitable for recovery and recycle. Helps in protecting the environment, ecology and public health.

Investment required

Fixed investment: Rs.58 lakh. Production cost per system: Rs.16 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

In less than 3 years, return on investment will be achieved. Profit before tax will be Rs.110 lakh for first 3 years. Helps in creation of wealth from the waste.

Validation level

Lab scale. Transferred to an entrepreneur.

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8.9 Pollution free Lime Kiln


Brief Profile A device has been developed by CBRI for making lime kilns pollution free. The existing lime kilns can also install this device for controlling pollution. The device consists of double deck packed bed scrubber-cum- entrainment separator using lime stone and reusable packing material. The exhaust gases are fed at the bottom of water scrubber and pollution free gases are sucked through top of the chimney using induced draft fan. Power failure would not affect kiln operation and it is suitable for separation of particle size less than 10 micron.

Investment required

Total investment on plant/ equipment ad machinery is of the order of Rs. 5, 7.5 and 10 lakh for capacities 5, 10 and 15 tpd.

Returns / Benefit

The lime kiln becomes pollution free.

Validation level

Real life.


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8.10 Wood Substitute Products from Industrial Wastes

Laboratory CSIR – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI)

Brief Profile Technology has been developed to utilize natural fibre reinforced industrial wastes (red mud, Fly Ash) as polymer composites to make wood substitute products. The advantages of this technology are room temperature processing and high strength to weight ratio. The specific flexural strength of industrial waste based polymer composites is 54-58, is termite and corrosion resistant and self extinguishing within 15-20 second. The fire properties such as fire ignitibility, fire propagation Index and surface spread has showed better performance than the Teak wood. The extent of absorption of water in the wood is much higher (~ 20%) than that of the industrial waste based polymer composites (~1%) resulting in better durability over teak wood and the shelf life is expected to be more than 20 years and moreover cost effective.

Returns / Benefit

The cost of R-Wood door is about Rs. 2500 as compared to the teak wood door which costs about Rs. 6000/-.

Validation level

Pilot scale.

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9.1 Chilli Processing Plant


Brief Profile The Byadgi Chilli, which is known for its high colour is currently processed in the traditional manner which result in loss of carotenoids during the sun drying operation. The new process developed employs a fluid bed drier for bringing down the moisture to acceptable levels of fresh chilli hygienically. The resulting end product will have a 10% increase in colour value when compared to the conventionally processed raw material. The raw material is washed, size reduced, dried in the fluid bed drier and then de- seeded. The contact time in the drier is less than 15 minutes and the entire operation is automated. All the machineries are interlocked and the manpower requirements are marginal. High pressure steam is used as the heating medium and the plant is engineered to ensure high thermal efficiency.

Investment required

The facility can be set up at a cost of approximately Rs.2.5 crore for a 20 Ton/day fresh red byadagi chilli processing unit.

Returns / Benefit

The unit can provide direct employment to 30 people and indirectly benefit a large number of farmers ensuring fair price for the produce.

Validation level

Pilot scale.

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9.2 Cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed


Brief Profile A new form of agriculture in form of Cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed has been developed by CSMCRI.

Returns / Benefit

This seaweed is not only good for sea cultivation but it is also a big boon for land-based agriculture, as it yields sap which has raised the productivity of many crops.

Validation level

Real life.


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9.3 Energy Food


Brief Profile ‘Energy Food’, developed by CFTRI is a ready to eat food and does not need cooking at the point of distribution. This energy food provides 15 gm of protein, 360 kcal of energy and one third RDA of vitamins and minerals per 100 gm. It is an Amylase-rich energy food, containing malted cereals, is a supplementary food. The food contains wheat, Bengal gram dhal and defatted protein-rich oilseed meals. It is a weaning-cum- nutrition food for children and suitable for pregnant women as well.

Investment required

For the production unit of 2,400 MT/ annum: About Rs. 1.7 crore.

Returns / Benefit

Breakeven point : 56% of capacity utilization Payback period : 5.8 years

Validation level

Real life. The process has been commercialized and a number of production units are in operation throughout the country.


Energy Food

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9.4 Extraction of Palm Oil from Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches


Brief Profile Oil palm is a new crop to our country and is the highest oil yielding crop, gives about 20 tonnes of oil per hectare. Unlike other oils, palm oil is taken from the fresh fruit and hence the extraction process involves many unit operations. Moreover the fruits have to be processed within 24 hours from harvest and during harvest the damage to the fruit has to be minimal otherwise the oil quality will be bad. This necessitates captive process unit for oil palm plantation. Considering these requirements and the land holding pattern, NIIST has designed a plant for extraction of Palm Oil from Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) 2.5 ton expandable to 5.0 ton and 5.0 ton expandable to 10.0 ton FFB/hr processing plant. The technology has been commercialized. The process efficiency and product quality are comparable with international standards.

Investment required

The total investment towards 2.5 ton FFB/hr palm oil mill is Rs.450 lakh (excluding land cost) which can be expanded to 5.0 ton plant with an additional investment of Rs.150 lakh. For a 5.0 ton plant the total investment is Rs. 700 lakh which can be expanded to 10 ton plant with an additional investment of Rs.200 lakh. 2.5 ton mill can cater to the need of 500 hectares.

Returns / Benefit

Since the plant runs at lower capacities initially for want of raw material it takes few years to stabilize to run at designated capacities. Once it is stabilized the rate of return is around 25% and the pay back period is 5 years. The projected cumulative net profit during 10 years of operation is about Rs.350 lakh. The break even capacity is 48% and cash break even point is 24%.

Validation level

Real life.

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9.5 Gluconate salts of Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Ca, Na and Ba

Laboratory CSIR – Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM)

Brief Profile Gluconate salts of Iron, Manganese, Magnesium, Zinc, Calcium, and Barium are used as the mineral supplements in humans and also as micronutrient in formulations for nutrient deficient soils. The technology available so far uses electrolytic method for the production of such salts which is cost prohibitive and generates a lot of polluting effluents. IIIM, has developed a fermentation process for the production of these salts. The technology is non-polluting, and cost effective.

Investment required

Rs. 4 crore.

Returns / Benefit

Raw material five times value added.

Validation level

Real Life. This technology has been demonstrated and transferred to M/S Prathista Industries, Hyderabad, and is under transfer to yet another industry, M/S Madhav Biotech a subsidiary unit of Krishidhan seeds, at Jalna in Maharashtra.


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9.6 Grain Moisture Meter


Brief Profile Moisture plays a significant role in the procurement, storage and processing of food grains. Under practical storage conditions, moisture content is the principal governing factor to maintain their quality. The Grain Moisture Meter (Digital Automatic Moisture Computer) developed by CSIO is based on capacitance variation technique which converts moisture changes into dielectric constant variation. The instrument is portable & rugged and directly measures percentage of moisture in grains.

Investment required

About Rs. 10 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

Useful for grain storage houses, mandis, procurement agencies, food processing agencies, agricultural universities, etc. The indigenous production of this instrument would meet the demand in the country.

Validation level

Real life.

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9.7 Improved Design for Jaggery Furnace

Laboratory CSIR – Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP)

Brief Profile To improve the performance of conventional inefficient Jaggery furnace (gur bhattis), IIP improved the design of the furnace. The improved jaggery furnace have following advantages: • reduction in fuel (bagasse) consumption; • reduction in chimney exhaust smoke; and • increase in furnace life.

Investment required

About Rs. 1.1 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

Pay back period: One gur season.

Validation level

Real life.

IPR Status Not patented. Being a societal activity for our rural people, the improved gur bhatti technology is released free of cost to the interested gur bhatti owners.

Jaggery Furnace Gur Bhatti

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9.8 Iodine Value Meter


Brief Profile Iodine Number is the most valuable parameter for differentiating or identifying oils and readily serves to indicate the group to which the oil belongs. Presently, Iodine Number is being determined using wet chemical analysis in which number of reagents, glasswares, chemical laboratory and analytical chemist is required. The instrument developed by CSIO is based on measurement of change in potential across the sensing and reference electrodes when immersed in a mixture of test reagent and oil. The LCD display is a direct measure of Iodine Number. The salient features of Iodine Value Meter are: Portable and low cost, direct display of iodine number, reproducible results, low cost of analysis, readymade test reagents and easy to operate.

Investment required

Above Rs. 5 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

The Iodine Value Meter developed by CSIO would be useful for the determination of Iodine number of oils, fats and unsaturated compounds. The indigenous production of this instrument would meet the demand in the country.

Validation level

Real life.


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9.9 Low-cost Fish Feed Based on Agro by-product & Food Industry Wastes


Brief Profile It is a low-cost and nutritionally balanced fish feed. The field trial exhibited over 100 percent increased growth with the low-cost fish feed over those fed by traditional feed. The fecundity (number of matured eggs) of the female fish, grown on low-cost feed also increased by 11 % as compared to those fed by conventional feed.

Investment required

The cost of the developed feed is around Rs. 12 per kg.

Returns / Benefit

A family of two adults, working for 8 hrs a day and six days a week, can make a profit of over Rs.10,000 per month by adopting this technology.

Validation level

Pilot scale. A field level demonstration was conducted for State Fisheries Department on matured commercially important fish (Indian major carps) for two months, prior to breeding.

IPR Status Filed in India.

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9.10 Oil Spectrophotometer


Brief Profile Oils and fats obtain metallic contents from soil and from contact equipments used during crushing, processing and storage. Studies have shown that Cu is most harmful metal in edible oils followed by Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni. To measure these ions, costly analytical instruments are being used. The Oil Spectrophotometer developed at CSIO is based on Beer-Lambert law using specific colour developing reagents for each element. The Oil Spectrophotometer is an integrated system for determination of metallic impurities in edible oils and inorganic phosphate-phosphorus. The salient features of the instrument are: Low cost & portable, direct display of concentration in ppm, stable and dedicated reagents, no standards required for calibration, reproducible results, accuracy ± 0.02 ppm for metal ion, ±0.005 ppm for inorganic phosphate

Investment required

About Rs.10 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

It find applications in detection of metallic ions present in Edible Oils, Water Samples, Pollutants, Metals & Alloys and High Purity Materials as well as inorganic Phosphate-P in Edible Oils, Water Samples, Eutrophication Measurements and in Different Materials. The indigenous production of this instrument would meet the demand in the country.

Validation level

Real life.


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9.11 Protein Biscuits


Brief Profile The High protein biscuits are useful to combat malnutrition, and the production of these biscuits can be adopted by the existing units. The biscuits can be used in the nutrition supplement programmes of State/Central Governments.

Investment required

For the production unit of 18,000 MT/ annum: About Rs. 6 Crore.

Returns / Benefit

Breakeven point: 40% of capacity utilization. Payback period: 3 years.

Validation level

Real life.


High Protein Biscuits

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9.12 Rice Bran Oil


Brief Profile The developed process helps in production of high quality rice bran oil. It is biotechnology-based & environment-friendly process. The process does not eliminate the nutritional components of the refined oil.

Returns / Benefit

• Process recovers more oil (1-1.5 %) and fatty acid (0.3- 0.6%);

• Requires significantly less water (10% of crude oil) and no effluents are generated;

• 50% of existing units adopted the technology and generate Rs.40 crore p.a. extra revenue; and

• Established New Processing Capacity of 2 lakh tons of RBO worth of Rs.800 crore p.a.

Validation level

Real life. Technology Transferred to 27 Industries (@50TPD) covering 9 States.


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9.13 Spirulina


Brief Profile Spirulina is a simple Cyanobacterium (blue green algae) that grows naturally in fresh water. It has been effectively promoted as a natural health and slimming food in the market. As a natural package of proteins, vitamins and minerals, Spirulina is extremely popular as a health food, without any side effects, and non habit-forming. Since Spirulina provides all the essential nutrition without excess calories and fats, those wanting to control obesity take Spirulina tablets.

Investment required

For the production unit for 15 MT/ annum: About Rs. 2.5 crore.

Returns / Benefit

Breakeven point: 60% of capacity utilization. Payback period: 4.5 years.

Validation level

Real life. The process has been commercialized.


Spirulina

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9.14 White Pepper Production from Green and Black Pepper

Laboratory CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST)

Brief Profile India is the 4th largest pepper producer in the world, production of 67,000 metric tons in 2008. Annual white pepper contribution in India is less than 250 metric tones against the world demand of more than 1,50,000 metric tones. White pepper is obtained by removing the outer skin, namely pericarp and outer portion of the mesocarp of the ripe or matured green berries or dried black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). More than a dozen methods have been reported for the conversion of pepper into white pepper. However, most of such methods are seldom practiced in commercial scale. Retting, a long time (7-15 days) process to promote natural decay of the skin by keeping the pepper in stagnant or running waters is the method widely employed for the production of white pepper today, which results in quality deterioration. A successful bioprocess: Through CSIR process the hard outer skin is loosened in 2 to 4 days by a leach bed anaerobic process. The in-situ microbial production of hydrolytic enzymes is responsible for the degradation of the skin. Cleaning & Drying: The loosened and partially degraded skin is removed with the help of a fruit pulping machine and water washing. Quality of the product: The white pepper obtained from fermentative decortication of green pepper is brilliant creamy white, has no extraneous matters. The white pepper from black pepper also has better colour, less than 2 % light berries and no extraneous matter compared to commercial grade white pepper.

Investment required

Capital investment for producing 1 ton white pepper/day: Rs.1.5 crore.

Returns / Benefit

2010 price in India: Black pepper : Rs.130-150/kg. White pepper: Rs.240-250/kg. An assessment about economic returns is yet to be made.

Validation level

Real life.

IPR Status Filed.

White Pepper

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9.15 X-ray Imaging based Mango Sorting System

Laboratory CSIR – Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI)

Brief Profile The x-ray imaging based mango sorting system uses a totally non-destructive indigenous technology employing X-ray imaging technique to sort the mangoes based on internal disorders in real time. The X-ray scanned mangoes are safe for consumption without any health hazards. Salient Technical Features: • Detection of internal defects like spongy tissue and seed weevil

in post-harvested mangoes. • Image processing methods employed for sorting. • X-ray imaging system integrated with mechanical feeding

conveyor, rejection assembly, software and hardware modules. • On-line grading and sorting of 3600 mangoes per hour

approximately (about one ton per hour) on prototype model. • Defect detection accuracy of 95% and above.

Investment required

The indicative cost of scanning the mango works out to be about Rs.0.40 per mango using the existing developed system for a throughput of 1.0 to 1.2 tons per hour. Fixed investment: Rs.50 lakh. Production cost per system: Rs.25 lakh.

Returns / Benefit

In less than 3 years, return on investment will be achieved. Profit before tax will be Rs.100 lakh for first 3 years.

Validation level

Lab scale. Technology has been transferred to an entrepreneur for commercialization.

IPR Status Filing under process.

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10.1 Science Journals and Magazines

To cater to the vast scientific community in India, CSIR through National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) publishes following 19 reputed research journals covering all fields of Science and Technology:

1. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 2. Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section A 3. Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B 4. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 5. Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics 6. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 7. Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences 8. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics 9. Journal of Intellectual Property Rights 10. Indian Journal of Radio & space Physics 11. Indian Journal of Biotechnology 12. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research 13. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 14. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 15. Annals of Library & Information Studies 16. Natural Product Radiance 17. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Abstract 18. Indian Science Abstract 19. Bhartiya Vaigyanik avam Audyogic Anusandhan Patrika

For school students, NISCAIR also brings out following three well-circulated popular science magazines: • Vigyan Pragati (Hindi) • Science Reporter (English) • Science-ki-Duniya (Urdu) These magazines contain valuable information for science students and therefore have relevance for all states of India.

states of india - msmetfc.in mushroom cultivation ; ... 5.9 production of less dust chalk using...

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